Indium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular dithianyl-alkyne metathesis reactions.

Herein, we reported an efficient indium catalyzed dithianyl-alkyne metathesis (DAM) reaction. This strategy allows for the formation of a new C-C double bond and valuable C-S bonds during the metathesis event, and was successfully applied to the synthesis of diverse vinyl dithianyl substituted organic molecules.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3-Dienes through Dual 1,3-Sulfur Rearrangement of Dithianes with Alkynylsilanes.

Herein, we report a C3 and C1 coupling approach between vinyl 1,3-dithiane derivatives and alkynylsilanes for the construction of highly substituted conjugated dienes. Through the regioselective dual 1,3-sulfur migration process, this method enabled the synthesis of a wide range of highly substituted (E)-1,3-dienes stereoselectively in moderate to high yields, which provided one alternative way to synthesize the corresponding conjugated dienones.

Depression and academic engagement among college students: the role of sense of security and psychological impact of COVID-19.

Background: The negative consequences of depression in college students have garnered global attention, especially in relation to academic achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic, which need critical assessment. Aim: This study investigated whether a sense of security mediated the relationship between depression and academic engagement among college students during the pandemic and whether the moderating psychological impact of COVID-19 has a moderating effect on this relationship. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 466 college students from 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China via the Internet and used established scales to measure depression, academic engagement, a sense of security, and the psychological impact of COVID-19. The mediating and moderating effects were tested using the bootstrap method. Results: Depression was found to negatively influence academic engagement, with a sense of security partially mediating this relationship. Moreover, the psychological impact of COVID-19 was shown to have a moderating effect on this mediating process. Conclusion: This study could aid in crafting pertinent strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of depression on learning amid unexpected public health crises and foster better mental health among college students.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and learning motivation among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A serial mediation model.

The vital influence of emotional intelligence on college students' learning motivation has received considerable attention. This study analyzed not only the relationship between emotional intelligence and college students' learning motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the serial mediating roles that self-efficacy and social support play in this relationship. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we collected data from 336 college students across 30 provinces in China, using four well-established scales measuring emotional intelligence, learning motivation, self-efficacy, and social support. We analyzed the mediating effects using the Bootstrap method. The results showed that emotional intelligence positively predicted learning motivation, and that self-efficacy and social support played serial mediating roles between emotional intelligence and learning motivation. This finding suggests the need for interventions to help college students develop emotional intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that fostering college students' self-efficacy and providing multiple social supports would help improve their motivation and academic performance.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between university students' anxiety and academic performance during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health and academic performance of university students worldwide. Anxiety is one of the most commonly reported mental health issues among this population, but its relationship with academic performance during the pandemic has not been fully explored. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA-P guidelines to synthesize existing research on the relationship between anxiety and academic performance in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four databases were searched (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) for articles published between December 2019 and June 2022, and studies from five different countries were included in the analysis. A heterogeneity test was performed, and a fixed-effects model was used to calculate the main results. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a negative correlation between university students' anxiety and academic performance (r = -0.211, k = 5, N = 1,205). Subgroup analysis found no significant regulatory effects for the year of publication, country development level, student type, or anxiety type. The results suggest that negative emotions induced by the pandemic are the most significant factor linking anxiety to poor academic performance. Discussion: During pandemics with severe global consequences, such as COVID-19, interventions against and for the prevention of university students' negative emotions are important ways to improve university students' mental health and academic achievement.

Nasal Tip and Alar Groove Plasty Through External Nasal Cutting in Asians: A Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVE: Nasal tip hypertrophy is common in Asians, and its reshaping is very critical in rhinoplasty. For patients who refuse any implant placed in the nose, there are limited options for tip reshaping. Herein, we introduce a new procedure of nasal tip and alar groove plasty through external nasal cutting in Asians. METHODS: A total of 20 patients who had hypertrophic nasal tip and refused to have any implants were included in this study. They were performed this procedure of nasal tip and alar groove plasty through external nasal cutting. The authors carefully reviewed the patients' medical records and preoperative and postoperative photographs. Self-reported satisfactions of patients with the scar morphology and correction effect were assessed at postoperative every follow-up using a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: All of the patients' procedures were completely successful, and the hypertrophic nasal tip was improved. In the long-term postoperative follow-up, the patients' wound showed no abnormalities such as scar contracture deformity, scar bumps, and nasal deformation. In 1 patient, the nasal wound developed significant scarring, and we performed reoperation to remove the superficial scar tissue. Surgical scars in the remaining patients were not obvious. Eight patients (8/20) reported "very satisfied" with scar shape and nasal tip shape improvement results, and 10 patients (10/20) reported "satisfied" with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure of nasal tip and alar groove plasty could be an alternative for making the nasal tip more refined. However, the surgical indications for this procedure need to be strictly limited to specific patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Complications and Treatments of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection After Rhinoplasty With Implants: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, and because of its specificity, its treatments appear tricky in postrhinoplasty infections with internal implants. This study summarizes the clinical characteristics and treatment of this type of infections to provide some reference for clinical work. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients who were diagnosed with a nasal infection of P. aeruginosa after implant nasal augmentation. The results of the bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test of the patients' wound secretions were summarized and analyzed. We summarized the characteristics of the patients' infection and the treatments, and we also summarized the patients' prognosis. RESULTS: In these 10 cases, their implants included rib cartilage and ear cartilage alone, as well as their own cartilage combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and silicone. All patients developed wound infections within 1 month after rhinoplasty, with bacterial cultures of P. aeruginosa . Prolonged use of sensitive antibiotics, as well as wound dressing changes, failed to keep the infection well under control. Patients whose implant was removed and thoroughly debrided within 1 week of infection did not experience any serious complications. In patients who were infected for >1 week before surgery to remove the implants, complications such as nasal column necrosis and nasal contracture occurred, and later the nasal repair was performed after multiple surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: For bacterial infections in postrhinoplasty wounds with implants, we recommend early bacterial culture. If the infection is clearly P. aeruginosa , the implant should be removed and thoroughly debrided as soon as possible to avoid serious complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Multifunctional Integrated Interdigital Microsupercapacitors and Self-Powered Iontronic Tactile Pressure Sensor for Wearable Electronics.

Multifunctionality and self-powering are key technologies for next-generation wearable electronics. Herein, an interdigitated MXene/TiS2-based self-powered intelligent pseudocapacitive iontronic sensor system is designed, realizing integration of energy storage and pressure-sensitive sensing function into one device. The intercalation of TiS2 nanosheet can effectively prevent self-stacking of MXene and results in mesoporous cross-linked framework, therefore exposing more active sites and broadening the electron/ion transport channels. The pressure sensing performance together with developed all-solid-state microsupercapacitor is explored systematically. When applied in a symmetrical microsupercapacitor, it presents a satisfactory energy density of 31.6 Wh/kg at 400 W/kg and 79.8% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. Meanwhile, with MXene/TiS2//MXene/TiS2 interdigitated structure as flexible self-powering pressure sensor, it illustrates outstanding pressure-sensing response toward external pressure, realizing accurate and continuous detection of human body motion signals. It is believed that this work proposes a feasible strategy by integrating pressure-sensing with a self-powering function for the next-generation self-powered E-skin electronics.

Emotion Regulation and Psychological Capital of Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Serial Mediation Effect of Learning Satisfaction and Learning Engagement.

The mediating mechanism between the emotion regulation and psychological capital of university students is currently unclear. This study analyzed the serial mediation of learning satisfaction and learning engagement on the relationship between the emotion regulation and psychological capital of university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 328 undergraduates and postgraduates from universities in different regions of China were surveyed through an online questionnaire. The tools used in the study were the emotion regulation questionnaire, university student learning satisfaction questionnaire, learning engagement questionnaire, and psychological capital questionnaire. The analysis revealed both direct and indirect mediation effects. It was found that emotion regulation can positively predict psychological capital. Further, learning satisfaction and learning engagement can act as mediating variables between emotion regulation and psychological capital, respectively. Learning satisfaction and learning engagement can also have a serial mediation effect between emotion regulation and psychological capital. The results show that learning support should be strengthened to improve the learning satisfaction and learning engagement of students and, consequently, enhance their psychological capital.

Highly Compressible Elastic Aerogel Spring-Based Piezoionic Self-Powering Pressure Sensor for Multifunctional Wearable Electronics.

To meet the rapid development of wearable flexible electronics, the multifunctional integrations into singe device are in extreme demand. In this paper, we developed novel self-powering multifunctional pressure sensors and supercapacitor-integrated device based on highly elastic silver nanowires@reduced graphene aerogel, being conductive to reduce integration difficulties and device size. Serving as an energy device, it behaves with a prominent specific capacitance of 146.6 F g-1, and excellent rate capability even at 500 mV s-1. The fabricated sensor demonstrates an excellent sensitivity of 2.54 kPa-1 and superior pressure-sensing stability up to 1000 compressive cycles. Piezoionization effect is suggested to reveal the sensing mechanism. Our research provides a new research direction in designing the integration of self-driving wearable electronics.

Resilient bismuthene-graphene architecture for multifunctional energy storage and wearable ionic-type capacitive pressure sensor device.

A facile resilient bismuthine-anchored graphene architecture is reported as multifunctional all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors and ionic-type capacitive sensor. Meanwhile, an electrons/ions dual transport channels design is achieved by inserting elaborately conductive bismuthene flakes into hierarchical porous aerogel framework. This strategy concurrently realizes the expansion of interlayer space for favoring electrolyte infiltration, and boost of interlayer conductivity to ensure interlayer electrons transport, endowing the device with attractive electrochemical energy storage and pressure sensing performance. As a result, the fabricated flexible symmetric supercapacitor device using bismuthene-graphene architecture as both negative and positive electrode delivers an excellent energy density of 45.55 Wh/kg at 400 W/kg along with cycling stability of 89.24% even after 3600 charge/discharge cycles. The bismuthene-graphene aerogel-based capacitive sensor with the hierarchical porous architecture demonstrates a high sensitivity of 0.326 kPa-1. Furthermore, the sensing mechanisms of ionic-type pressure sensor is explored. This work clearly demonstrates that the novel 3D hierarchical bismuthene-graphene architecture can be widely used in multifunctional devices of supercapacitors and tactile sensors.

MXene/Silver Nanowire-Based Spring Frameworks for Highly Flexible Waterproof Supercapacitors and Piezoelectrochemical-Type Pressure-Sensitive Sensor Devices.

With widespread application of flexible electronic devices, the multifunction for supercapacitors has attracted tremendous attention. Here, developed is a novel multifunctional MXene-based pizeoelectrochemical-type pressure sensor based on highly compressible antiwater supercapacitor. This novel design realizes energy storage and pressure sensing functions simultaneously. The outstanding rate performance is realized by the reasonable design of electron and ion transport channels, originating from strong synergistic bridging interactions between silver nanowires (AgNWs) and MXene. Serving as the electrochemical storage device, even at large 500 mV s-1, the cyclic voltammetry curve of AgNWs/MXene aerogel still maintains nearly rectangular characteristics. For the assembled antiwater symmetric supercapacitor, it records a high specific capacitance of 210.5 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, a maximum energy density of 74.7 W h Kg-1 at 400 W Kg-1, and outstanding waterproof cyclic stability of 86.51% in water. Based on elastic AgNWs/MXene aerogel, an antiwater pizeoelectrochemical-type strain sensor is designed, and the device presents stable and sensitive current response while facing external pressure. This study clearly demonstrates that our work promises a new research direction toward the design of next-generation wearable devices that could be used in wirelessly powered wearable devices.

Phosphorylation of an ethylene response factor by MPK3/MPK6 mediates negative feedback regulation of pathogen-induced ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Plants under pathogen attack produce high levels of the gaseous phytohormone ethylene to induce plant defense responses via the ethylene signaling pathway. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis. Transcriptional and post-translational upregulation of ACS2 and ACS6 by the mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 are previously shown to be crucial for pathogen-induced ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea-induced ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is under the negative feedback regulation by ethylene signaling pathway. The ethylene response factor ERF1A is further found to act downstream of ethylene signaling to negatively regulate the B. cinerea-induced ethylene biosynthesis via indirectly suppressing the expression of ACS2 and ACS6. Interestingly, ERF1A is shown to also upregulate defensin genes directly and therefore promote Arabidopsis resistance to B. cinerea. Furthermore, ERF1A is identified to be a substrate of MPK3 and MPK6, which phosphoactivate ERF1A to enhance its functions in suppressing ethylene biosynthesis and inducing defensin gene expression. Taken together, our data reveal that ERF1A and its phosphorylation by MPK3/MPK6 not only mediate the negative-feedback regulation of the B. cinerea-induced ethylene biosynthesis, but also upregulate defensin gene expression to increase Arabidopsis resistance to B. cinerea.

Subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect due to excision of malignancies or trauma.

Large eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma is difficult to reconstruct due to special structure and function of the eyelid. In this study, we aimed to present the outcomes of subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma. A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with eyelid defect due to excision of malignancies or trauma, and undergoing subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect, was conducted at our hospital. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. A total of 15 patients were included in the cases series. Nine patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma, 3 patients with epidermoid carcinoma, and 3 patients with trauma. All the defects were successfully covered with this designed flap. There was no flap necrosis in all the cases. No functional problems were observed in all of the cases. At long-term postoperative follow-up, the average score of patients' satisfaction was good. This subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap is a feasible alternative technique for reconstructing the large eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma. This flap option could avoid the use of free flaps for large defect.

Soil Properties Interacting With Microbial Metagenome in Decreasing CH4 Emission From Seasonally Flooded Marshland Following Different Stages of Afforestation.

Wetlands are the largest natural source of terrestrial CH4 emissions. Afforestation can enhance soil CH4 oxidation and decrease methanogenesis, yet the driving mechanisms leading to these effects remain unclear. We analyzed the structures of communities of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbes, quantification of mcrA and pmoA genes, the soil microbial metagenome, soil properties and CH4 fluxes in afforested and non-afforested areas in the marshland of the Yangtze River. Compared to the non-afforested land use types, net CH4 emission decreased from bare land, natural vegetation and 5-year forest plantation and transitioned to net CH4 sinks in the 10- and 20-year forest plantations. Both abundances of mcrA and pmoA genes decreased significantly with increasing plantation age. By combining random forest analysis and structural equation modeling, our results provide evidence for an important role of the abundance of functional genes related to methane production in explaining the net CH4 flux in this ecosystem. The structures of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial communities were of lower importance as explanatory factors than functional genes in terms of in situ CH4 flux. We also found a substantial interaction between functional genes and soil properties in the control of CH4 flux, particularly soil particle size. Our study provides empirical evidence that microbial community function has more explanatory power than taxonomic microbial community structure with respect to in situ CH4 fluxes. This suggests that focusing on gene abundances obtained, e.g., through metagenomics or quantitative/digital PCR could be more effective than community profiling in predicting CH4 fluxes, and such data should be considered for ecosystem modeling.

Increased HE4 mRNA Expression Correlates with High Level Of eIF3a mRNA And Better Survival in Women with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is one of the most promising biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of previous studies utilized the serum level or tissue protein expression of HE4 based upon immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate the role of HE4 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance of EOC, but very little is known about HE4 mRNA expression. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) is implicated in oncogenesis and has been investigated extensively as a potential biomarker for malignancy. We previously reported a positive correlation between IHC expressions of eIF3a and HE4 in EOC. In the present study, we performed RT-PCR to determine mRNA expressions of HE4 and eIF3a in 30 normal ovarian tissues, 45 benign, 20 borderline and 94 malignant ovarian tumors. The association of HE4 and eIF3a mRNA expressions with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survivals was investigated. IHC was also performed in the same participants to investigate the correlation between mRNA and protein levels of HE4. HE4 mRNA level was found to be 48.42 ± 74.55 (mean ± SD, range: 0.01-343.99), significantly higher in primary EOC than in the borderline tumor, benign tumor, and normal ovarian tissue (P<0.001). The cutoff value was 13.99 for HE4 to discriminate malignant from benign tumors at 68.1% sensitivity and 93.0% specificity. By Spearman's correlation test, HE4 mRNA expression was indicated to positively correlate with serum CA125 level (r=0.530, P<0.001). Higher HE4 mRNA expression was associated with decreased frequency of lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and better overall survival (OS) (P=0.007) in primary EOC. Multivariable analysis showed an independent prognostic value of the relative mRNA level of HE4 greater than one for OS (Hazard Ratio, 0.069, 95%CI, 0.009-0.530, P=0.010). eIF3a mRNA expression in women with primary EOC was 0.95 ± 1.19 (mean ± SD, range: 0.06-7.46), which was in a positive linear correlation with HE4 mRNA expression (r=0.310, P=0.002). In the present study, the HE4 mRNA level was unparalleled with IHC expression of HE4 (P>0.05). Collectively, our study revealed that increased HE4 mRNA expression correlates with high level of eIF3a mRNA and better survival in women with EOC, which calls for further investigations.

[Correlation between eIF3a and HE4 expression and ovarian cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit A (eIF3a) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) expression and ovarian cancer. METHODS: RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry was used to examine eIF3a and HE4 mRNA or protein expression in ovarian tissues from patients with ovarian cancer (n=181) or benign ovarian tumors, or from the healthy women. RESULTS: There were significant differences in mRNA and protein expression of eIF3a and HE4 among normal ovarian tissues, benign ovarian tumor tissues, and ovarian cancer tissues (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in mRNA expression of eIF3a and HE4 between the normal tissues and the ovarian cancer tissues, or between the benign ovarian tumor tissues and the normal tissues (P< 0.001). The mRNA expression of eIF3a in the normal ovarian tissues was significantly higher than that in the benign ovarian tumor tissues or that in the ovarian cancer tissues. The mRNA expression of HE4 was gradually increased from the normal ovarian tissues, the benign ovarian tumor tissues to the ovarian cancer tissues. The mRNA expression of HE4 in the ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the benign ovarian tumor tissues (P< 0.001). Positive expression rates for eIF3a or HE4 protein in normal, benign tumor, and cancer tissues were 0, 66.7%, and 81.0% or 0, 27.8%, and 56.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in positive expression rates of eIF3a protein and HE4 protein between the ovarian tumor tissues and benign ovarian tumor tissues, between the ovarian cancer tissues and the normal ovarian tissues, or between the benign ovarian tumor tissues and the normal ovarian tissues (P< 0.001). The eIF3a protein expression was positively correlated with HE4 protein expression (r=0.575, P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expressions of eIF3a and HE4 are associated with ovarian cancer, and extracellular regulated protein kinases may play a role in the interaction between eIF3a and HE4.

Overexpression of TRPM7 is associated with poor prognosis in human ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The melastatin-related transient receptor potential 7 channel (TRPM7) is a nonselective cation channel that has been shown to promote tumor metastasis and progression. In this study, we determined the expression of TRPM7 in ovarian carcinomas and investigated its possible prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 138 patients with ovarian cancer. Expression of TRPM7 was assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, expressed with reference to an established scoring system and related to clinical pathological factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed to correlate TRPM7 expression levels with DFS and OS. RESULTS: TRPM7 was highly expressed in ovarian carcinoma and significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS: median 20 months vs. 42 months, P=0.0002) and overall survival (OS: median 27 months vs. 46 months, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Overexpression of TRPM7 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.