ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in females, and 30% of these patients are over the age of 70 years. Studies have shown deviation from the standard treatment paradigms in the elderly, especially in regard to radiation treatment. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review on 118 patients over the age of 70 years diagnosed with breast cancer and pathologically proven axillary disease over an 8-year period at an urban academic hospital to examine which patient factors influenced radiotherapy. RESULTS: Increasing patient age was associated with a decrease in the probability of receiving radiotherapy, while HER2-negative patients were more likely to receive radiation. Neither race, number of coexisting medical conditions, or insurance status showed any influence on radiation treatment. CONCLUSION: Patient age has a significant influence if elderly patients with axillary disease receive radiotherapy. Further investigation and validation are needed to understand why chronological age rather than biological age influences treatment modalities.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a well-established treatment for morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. The effects of RYGB on bone metabolism and bone health are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: Determine the changes in osteoclast function and bone density 1 year after RYGB as compared with a control group undergoing a diabetes support and education program (DSE). DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with patients matched for weight and age assigned to RYGB or DSE. SETTING: Large academic institution. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity (body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2). INTERVENTION: Subjects either received laparoscopic RYBG or DSE, which consisted of nutritional, exercise, and dietary counseling performed by a certified diabetic educator and a nutritionist three times over a year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Osteoclast activity, bone mineral density. RESULTS: One year after, intervention subjects undergoing RYGB have a 280% increase in osteoclast activity as compared with a 7.6% increase in the DSE control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase in sclerostin levels in subjects undergoing RYGB compared with an increase in the control group. The total bone mineral density was statistically unchanged within 1 year of intervention in both groups. A statistically significant decrease in bone mineral density in the left ribs (decrease of 6.8%, P < 0.05) and lumbar spine (decrease of 4.0%, P < 0.05) was seen 1 year after RYGB. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant increase in osteoclast activity observed 1 year after RYGB; the long-term clinical implications of this increased bone metabolism are unknown.
Subject(s)
Bone Density/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery , Gastric Bypass , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Osteoclasts/physiology , Adult , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Female , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Gastric Bypass/methods , Humans , Laparoscopy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Morbidity , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Weight Loss/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is becoming increasingly common in the elderly population, and it adds to the complexity of treatment decisions in this population. We aimed to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) affects care in this subset of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review on 118 patients over the age of 70 years diagnosed with breast cancer and pathologically proven axillary disease over an 8-year period at an urban academic hospital and compared BMI to treatment received, clinical stage, and hormone receptor status. RESULTS: Performance of radiation therapy, axillary surgery, and chemotherapy was compared in the elderly population over lower and higher BMI, and no significant difference was detected. Although there was a trend for increasing clinical stage to be associated with a lower BMI, this was not statistically significant (P = .06). CONCLUSION: Obesity does not appear to influence treatment decisions in patients over the age of 70 years. Breast cancer providers should turn to other patient and clinical factors when deciding treatment plans in this patient population. Further investigation is needed to examine how obesity influences tumor biology, diagnosis, and treatment decisions.