Prevalence and related factors of eating disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To reveal the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) and related factors in pregnancy. METHODS: The search was performed in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases search up to April 3, 2022, using the keywords combination of "(eating disorders OR anorexia nervosa OR bulimia nervosa OR binge eating disorder) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant)". Two researchers independently extracted data from the articles using a standard form. We evaluated the quality of the studies according to the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tools. RESULTS: The prevalence of EDs in pregnant women in the 11 studies involving 2,369,520 pregnant women was ranging between 0.5 and 10.6%. The prevalence of EDs in pregnant women was 4.3% (95% confidence interval 2%-9%; I2 = 99.5%). The prevalence of anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder during pregnancy shows a statistically significant increase compared to pre-pregnancy, and the prevalence of bulimia nervosa during pregnancy decreases. The prevalence of EDs is higher in pregnant women under 30 years of age, secondary school graduates, married, and with normal BMI. Half of the pregnant women with EDs had anxiety and about one-third of pregnant women had depression. Excessive exercise is observed in 0.7% of pregnant women, fasting in 0.3%, laxative or diuretic use in 0.1%, and self-induced vomiting in 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study is important as it is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the global prevalence of EDs in pregnant women and related factors. Continuing routine screening tests to detect EDs during pregnancy may contribute to taking special preventive measures for risk groups and protecting mother-child health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number (CRD42022324721), date of registration: 10/05/2022.

The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant women and the correlated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sexual functions are negatively affected during pregnancy with the emergence of physical, hormonal, mental, emotional, and behavioral changes; however, there is no cumulative knowledge about the global prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in pregnant women and the correlated factors in SD. AIM: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of SD among pregnant women and the factors correlated with their SD scores. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies focusing on SD in pregnant women were conducted in the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Turkish Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases by using the following combination of keywords: "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" AND "sexual dysfunction." OUTCOMES: Nearly 70% of pregnant women were at risk for SD. The age of the pregnant woman, the spouse's age, and the duration of marriage were negatively correlated with the SD score, while the education level was positively correlated with it. RESULTS: Initially, 5644 studies were identified: 693 studies were evaluated for eligibility and 668 were removed following the exclusion criteria. A total of 25 studies involving 6871 pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SD prevalence in pregnant women was 69.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-77.9%). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study can be used in the organization of prenatal care, especially for pregnant women at high risk for SD. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This meta-analysis is the first to reveal the global prevalence of SD and the factors correlated with SD scores in pregnant women. The most important limitation of this study is that it analyzes documents showing pregnant women at risk for SD according to an unconfirmed measurement tool for pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Most pregnant women experience SD symptoms. More research is needed, specifically on validated tools that assess pregnancy-specific SD symptoms.

The effect of an information, motivation, and behavioral skills model intervention on young women's intention to get an HPV vaccine.

This study aims to examine the effect of the information, motivation, and behavioral skills (IMB) model intervention on young women's intention to get the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine. An intervention study that has a pre-test, post-test design was conducted with IMB and control groups. An intervention based on the IMB model, focusing on developing motivation and proper behavioral skills, was applied to the IMB group. A traditional approach was applied to the control group. In this study, the significant post-test differences within groups were information (both groups improved significantly, p < 0.01), individual motivation (the control group decreased significantly, p < 0.01), behavioral skills (both groups improved significantly, p < 0.01), self-management behavior (the IMB group increased significantly, p < 0.01), objective health outcome (the control group decreased significantly, p < 0.01), and subjective health outcome (the IMB group increased significantly, p < 0.0125). IMB-based interventions can help young women acquire new sexual health behaviors to prevent cervical cancer.

Women's behaviours towards cervical cancer screening in the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated-mediation-model based on Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills.

AIMS: (1) To establish a predictive model based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model, which can analyse the factors affecting the behaviours of women towards cervical cancer screening in the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) to test the mediating effects of behavioural skills in the model, and (3) to test the moderated mediation effect of age. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 354 women aged 30-65 between May and August 2021 in Turkey. METHODS: Data were collected by using an online survey. The direct and indirect effects were tested in the structural equation model and the moderated-mediation effect was tested in the PROCESS macro. RESULTS: Behavioural skills mediate the effect of motivation on cervical cancer screening behaviours. In addition, age has a moderated mediation effect on this mediation effect. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that as women's motivation for cervical cancer screening increased, their behavioural skills also increased. It can be stated that middle-aged and older women with higher behavioural skills are more likely to have screening during the pandemic and to comply with national recommendations. IMPACT: This study is the first quantitative study to test the impact of the components of the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model on cervical cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the results reveal the mediating effect of behavioural skills in the relationship between motivation and cervical cancer scanning behaviour and the moderated mediation effect of age. Our results can provide insight for nurses into how to triage women with delayed cervical cancer screening, how to build screening capacity, and how intervention strategies should be developed to improve compliance with cervical cancer screening and follow-up recommendations in women at risk during and after the pandemic.

The effect of the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model variables on orthorexia nervosa behaviors of pregnant women.

PURPOSE: This study aims to test the effect of the components of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) behavior of pregnant women and health outcomes using a hypothetical model. METHODS: The study is cross-sectional research and was carried out with 350 pregnant women who had the Non-Stress Test in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model. RESULTS: It was found that 26.6% of pregnant women had an ON tendency. High information for obsession with obsession with healthy eating causes more ON behaviors (ß = - 0.25, p < 0.001). The higher motivation for obsession with healthy eating obsession (ß = 0.73, p < 0.01) and a higher tendency to ON behaviors (ß = - 0.16, p < 0.05) are associated with better health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that high levels of information and motivation about the obsession with healthy eating effect ON tendency and health outcomes. The findings are significant in that they lead and guide the interventions for the detection, prevention, and treatment of ON during pregnancy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional study.

The impact of the demographic and migration process factors of refugee women on quality of life and the mediating role of mental health.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the effect of sociodemographic, before, during, and postmigration factors of women refugees on quality of life (QOL) and to assess the mediation effect of mental health as a mediator in the relationships. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 refugee women between June and August 2019. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model. FINDINGS: Before migration factors affect during migration. The during migration factors affect postmigration. The before, during, and postmigration factors affect the QOL directly or indirectly. Mental health mediates this effect. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study can guide interventional studies to increase the welfare of refugee women.

Developing the Attitude Scale for Protection From Cervical Cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To develop an attitude scale that measures the cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills of women to prevent cervical cancer. METHODS: Content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined. The content validity was evaluated by eight experts. The psychometric properties of a 39-item scale were evaluated on 530 women in a community health center in Turkey. RESULTS: The content validity index was 0.98. The factor loads of the scales were above 0.65 and the variance explanation ratio was 55.5%. In confirmatory factor analysis, the final scale structure with three factors and 22-item was confirmed. Cronbach's Alpha was .87. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for revealing the attitudes of Turkish women toward cervical cancer prevention.

The effect of the Internet on decision-making during pregnancy: a systematic review.

The purpose of this review is to explain how the Internet affects decision-making in pregnancy. A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the guidelines developed by the National Institute of Health Research at York University. The PubMed, EBSCOhost, Ulakbim Medical Database, Turkish Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were scanned. Three keywords in the titles, abstracts, and keywords of the articles were searched for in the Medical Subject Headings: "Pregnancy," "Decision-making," and "Internet." A total of 1143 articles were found in the first screening. Duplicate articles were removed. The remaining articles were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. Only articles about healthy pregnant women were accessed, and only full-text research articles published in English were used. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The sample size varied between 9 and 7092. Most studies reported that pregnant women use the Internet as a source of information about pregnancy. Pregnancy, development of the fetus, labor, neonatal health, and nutrition were the subjects most researched. It was found that women with a higher education, who were young, nulliparous, and primigravid, looked for more information on the Internet. The Internet affects decisions about the type of delivery, drug use in pregnancy, and physical activity. Using the Internet had a positive effect on the decision-making processes of pregnant women, increased their awareness, and had a visible effect on this process.