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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(6): 1594-1601, dic. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421826

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Anatomy education has gathered together a great many of many new modalities and was modified from classical lecture-based and laboratory practice system to the blended modules. In the scope of the present study, we develop a new, practical, cost- effective and efficient three dimensional (3D) educational model, which aimed to be helpful for the detection and better understanding of basic neuroanatomy education. Tractographic imaging, fiber dissection, microscopic anatomy and plastination techniques were applied to the white matter regions of the two brains. After the photographs that were taken were converted to 3D images, the specimens were plastinated. By way of establishing an educational model as a whole, we applied it to 202 second-year medical students. The students were separated into two groups when they attended to the theoretical lecture. Group 1 took the classical laboratory education; on the other hand, Group 2 received the newly designed educational model. Pre and post-tests were introduced to each group before and after laboratory sessions, respectively. The success scores were put to comparison. The average achievement scores of each group showed increase significantly (p<0.05) after the laboratory sessions, besides the increase in the post-test results of Group 2 was more statistically significant (p<0.05). Consequently, this new educational model enriched by newly designed unified methods could be regarded as useful for grasping and improving the basic neuroanatomy knowledge.


La educación en anatomía ha reunido una gran cantidad de nuevas modalidades, modificándose el sistema clásico de la práctica del laboratorio y de las clases basadas en conferencias, hacia los módulos combinados. En el ámbito del presente estudio, desarrollamos un modelo educativo tridimensional (3D) nuevo, práctico, rentable y eficiente, que pretendía ser útil para la detección y una mejor comprensión de la educación básica en neuroanatomía. Se tomaron imágenes tractográficas, disección de fibras, anatomía microscópica y técnicas de plastinación en los cerebros. Después de convertir las fotografías que se tomaron en imágenes 3D, se plastinaron los especímenes. A modo de establecer un modelo educativo en su conjunto, lo aplicamos a 202 estudiantes de segundo año de medicina. Los estudiantes fueron separados en dos grupos cuando asistieron a la clase teórica. El Grupo 1 tomó la educación clásica de laboratorio; por su parte, el Grupo 2 recibió el nuevo modelo educativo diseñado para el estudio. Se introdujeron pruebas previas y posteriores a cada grupo, antes y después de las sesiones de laboratorio. Se compararon las puntuaciones. Los puntajes promedio de rendimiento de cada grupo mostraron un aumento significativo (p<0,05) después de las sesiones de laboratorio. Además, se obtuvo un aumento en los resultados positivos, posteriores a la prueba del Grupo 2, siendo estadísticamente significativo (p<0,05). En consecuencia, este modelo educativo, enriquecido por métodos unificados de nuevo diseño, podría considerarse útil para captar y mejorar los conocimientos básicos de neuroanatomía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Models, Educational , Education, Medical/methods , Neuroanatomy/education , Dissection , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , White Matter/anatomy & histology , Plastination , Microscopy , Nerve Fibers
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 1018-1024, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405232

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to reveal the morphometry of the mental nerve to describe a safe zone for minimizing mental nerve damage during transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy-vestibular approach (TOETVA). This study was performed on 12 cadavers. Localization of mental foramen according to teeth, distances of buccogingival sulcus-lip (BG-L), mental foramen-midline (MF-Midline), mental foramen - buccogingival sulcus (MF - BG), commissure - branching point (Cm - Br), branching point - vertical projection of branching point on lower lip (Br - LVP), vertical projection of branching point on lower lip - commissure (LVP - Cm), commissure - midline (Cm - midline), angles of mental (AM), angular (AA) and labial branches (AL) and branching patterns were recorded. Type 1 was mostly found as branching pattern in this study (45.8 %). A new branching pattern (type 9) was found on one cadaver. Mental foramen was mostly located at level of second premolar teeth. According to morphometric results of this study; supero- lateral to course of angular branch and infero-medial to course of mental branch of mental nerve on lower lip after exiting the mental foramen were described as safe zones during surgery for preserving mental nerve and its branches.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar la morfometría del nervio mental o mentoniano para describir una zona segura y de esta manera, minimizar el daño de este nervio durante la tiroidectomía endoscópica transoral-abordaje vestibular (TOETVA). Este estudio se realizó en 12 cadáveres. Se realizó la localización del foramen mentoniano según los dientes, distancias surco gingival-labio (BG-L), foramen mentoniano-línea mediana (MF-Midline), foramen mentoniano-surco gingival (MF-BG), comisura-punto de ramificación (Cm-Br), punto de bifurcación - pro- yección vertical del punto de bifurcación en el labio inferior (Br - LVP), proyección vertical del punto de bifurcación en el labio inferior - comisura (LVP - Cm), comisura - línea mediana (Cm - línea mediana), ángulos del mentón (AM). Se registraron ramos angulares (AA) y labiales (AL) y patrones de ramificación. El tipo 1 se encontró principalmente como patrón de ramificación en el 45,8 %. Se describe un nuevo patrón de ramificación (tipo 9) encontrado en un cadáver. El foramen mentoniano se localizaba mayoritariamente a nivel de los segundos premolares. Según los resultados morfométricos, supero-lateral al curso de la rama angular e infero-medial al curso de la rama mentoniana del nervio mentoniano en el labio inferior, después de salir del foramen mentoniano, se describieron las zonas seguras, para la cirugía y preservación del nervio mentoniano y de sus ramos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroidectomy/methods , Mandibular Nerve Injuries/prevention & control , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Endoscopy , Anatomic Landmarks
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(2): 292-298, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056437

ABSTRACT

Trans-obturator tape (TOT) and tension free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures are efficient treatment options, which reduce the surgical complications and provide adequate support to urethra in case of increased abdominal pressure to prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and efficacy of 3D printed female anatomical model on the training of TOT and TVT procedures. A 3D printed female anatomical model was produced for MedTRain3DModSim, Erasmus+ European Union project led by Turkey with the participation of Greece, Italy, Czech Republic and South Korea. Face and content validities of the model evaluated by the participants and the experts respectively. During two learning & teaching & training activities and a multiplier event of the project between 2016 and 2018; 41 medical students, 30 residents and 19 specialists of urology and gynecology were educated and performed TOT and TVT procedures with this model under the mentorship of 3 experts. All participants were assessed and scored for their achievement on both procedures with model according to 7 parameters by the experts. There was no statistical difference between the students and residents for each parameter. All the parameters of the students and specialists were statistically different. 3D anatomical models produced from real data and mimicking different types of tissues are suitable for basic anatomy education of students and residents, hands on training for junior surgeons before cadaveric courses in hybrid education system, surgical planning of the surgeons and informing the patients before the operation.


Los procedimientos de cinta transobturadora (TOT) y cinta vaginal sin tensión (TVT) son opciones de tratamiento eficientes, que reducen las complicaciones quirúrgicas y proporcionan un soporte adecuado a la uretra en caso de aumento de la presión abdominal para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto y la eficacia del modelo anatómico femenino impreso en 3D en el entrenamiento de los procedimientos TOT y TVT. Se produjo un modelo anatómico femenino impreso en 3D para MedTRain3DModSim, proyecto Erasmus + de la Unión Europea dirigido por Turquía con la participación de Grecia, Italia, la República Checa y Corea del Sur. Validez facial y de contenido del modelo fueron evaluados por los participantes y los expertos respectivamente. Durante dos actividades de aprendizaje, enseñanza y capacitación y un evento multiplicador del proyecto entre 2016 y 2018; 41 estudiantes de medicina, 30 residentes y 19 especialistas en urología y ginecología fueron capacitados y realizaron procedimientos TOT y TVT de este modelo bajo la tutoría de 3 expertos. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados y calificados por los expertos, por su logro en ambos procedimientos con el modelo de acuerdo con 7 parámetros. No hubo diferencia estadística entre los estudiantes y los residentes para cada parámetro. Todos los parámetros de los estudiantes y especialistas fueron estadísticamente diferentes. Los modelos anatómicos en 3D producidos a partir de datos reales e imitando diferentes tipos de tejidos son adecuados para la educación básica de anatomía de estudiantes y residentes. Además de ofrecer una capacitación práctica para los cirujanos antes de los cursos cadavéricos en el sistema educativo, y una planificación quirúrgica de los cirujanos e información para los pacientes antes de la cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Incontinence, Stress , Urinary Tract/anatomy & histology , Suburethral Slings , Models, Anatomic , Printing, Three-Dimensional
4.
Braz Oral Res ; 29(1): S1806-83242015000100309, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26892360

ABSTRACT

Conventional methods of caries detection, including the gold standard of histological examination, have certain disadvantages that must be addressed prior to validating any other diagnostic technique-current or new. Here we evaluated the validity of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as an alternative gold-standard technique for caries detection. Sixty teeth with suspected occlusal caries were chosen from a pool of teeth extracted for orthodontic, periodontal, or surgical reasons. Identical reference points were marked on photographs taken for teeth and were used to evaluate each method. Dimensions of caries were assessed by two calibrated examiners using the ICDAS-II visual examination system, bitewing radiographs, and micro-CT. The teeth included in the study were selected randomly from solution before all measurements. For micro-CT, the device was set to 50 kV, 800 µA, pixel size 15 µm (at 1024 × 1024 resolution), and 1° rotation step. NRecon software (SkyScan) was used to obtain reconstructed images. For each diagnostic method, results were compared with histology results using the McNemar test. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed for each method (Z-test; p < 0.05). Besides showing a high correlation with histology results, micro-CT yielded the greatest values at the D3 threshold; moreover, accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were greatest at the D1threshold. Our results indicate that micro-CT performs as well as or better than histological examination for the purpose of comparing methods for caries detection.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/diagnostic imaging , X-Ray Microtomography/methods , Dental Caries/pathology , Dental Enamel/diagnostic imaging , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dentin/diagnostic imaging , Dentin/pathology , Humans , Observer Variation , Radiography, Bitewing/methods , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
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