Retrospective analysis of the appendiceal neoplasms: sampling technique may influence neoplasm detection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon entities that are usually determined incidentally during the histopathological examination. Different techniques used for the macroscopic sampling of appendectomy material may affect the determinating neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H&E-stained slides of 1280 cases who underwent appendectomy between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively for histopathological features. RESULTS: Neoplasms were determined in 28 cases (3.09%); 1 lesion was observed in the proximal part of the appendix, 1 covering the entire length from proximal to distal and 26 in the distal part. In the 26 cases that observed in the distal part, the lesion was seen on both sides of the longitudinal section of the distal appendix in 20 cases, while it was seen on only one distal longitudinal section in the remaining 6 cases. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of appendiceal neoplasms are seen in the distal part of the appendix, and, in some cases, neoplasms might be seen on only one side of the distal section. Sampling only one-half of the distal part of the appendix, where tumours are most often observed, could result in some neoplasms being missed. Therefore, sampling the whole distal part would be more beneficial to determine small diameter tumours that do not create macroscopic findings.

Can amniotic fluid protect developing fetal lungs against the harmful effects of oxidative stress?

BACKGROUND: Preterm births cause fetuses to be born without completing the development of their organs. Due to this undesirable situation, it is the pulmonary tissue which has to be most exposed to harmful effects of extrauterine environment. Early disappearance of the prophylactic and constructive effects of amniotic fluid (AF) on developing tissues, such as pulmonary tissue, facilitates the formation of pulmonary morbidities resulting from oxygen. Setting out from this knowledge, we wanted, in addition to assessing the beneficent effects of AF on pulmonary tissue, to study the importance of AF in morbidities of this tissue thought to originate from oxygen. METHODS: In this experimental study, while the study group was made up of the fetuses of pregnant rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, (hyperoxic pregnant rat fetuses-HPRF), the control group was formed of the fetuses of the rats pregnant in the usual room setting (normoxic pregnant rat fetuses-NPRF). The pulmonary and hepatic tissues taken from the fetuses of these pregnant rats on the 21st day of their pregnancy were compared biochemically and histologically. For biochemical assessment, total glutathione (tGSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) values and for histopathological assessment, apoptosis, alveolar wall count (AWC), vena centralis count (VCC) were included. RESULTS: Statistical significance was found in the pulmonary tissue values of tGSH on behalf of NPRF, and MDA on behalf of HPRF (p < 0.05). In liver tissue, statistical significance was detected in tGSH and CAT values in favor of NPRF and in MDA, and TNF-α values in favor of HPRF (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: : Our study has demonstrated that AF protects the pulmonary tissue from the harmful effects of oxygen in the intrauterine period. In addition, our data have suggested that the pulmonary tissue's being deprived of the useful effects of AF owing to premature birth may be an important trigger in the occurrence of the pulmonary morbidities thought to result from oxygen.

Seeds or Parasites? Clinical and Histopathological Features of Seeds and Parasites in the Appendix.

OBJECTIVE: Parasites and plant seeds may both be found in appendectomy specimens. Each plant seed has a different appearance and can thus exhibit wide variations under the microscope. Fragmented seeds may histologically mimic parasites. The differential diagnosis between seeds and parasites can be challenging in such cases. This study aimed to determine the incidence of parasites, seeds, and foreign bodies in appendectomy materials and highlight the most characteristic histopathological features associated with these structures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this study, pathology slides of 9,480 patients, who underwent appendectomy between 2010 and 2021, were reviewed, and cases that contained parasites, seeds, or foreign bodies were identified. We reviewed the literature on seeds and parasites in appendectomy specimens. RESULTS: Parasites were observed in 56 (0.6%) cases. Of these cases, 45 had Enterobius vermicularis (80%), and 11 had Taenia subspecies (20%). Plant seeds were observed in 47 cases (0.5%), and were macroscopically recognizable in 5 of them as olive, lemon, and cherry seeds. Parasites and seeds were usually observed in the lumen of appendix vermiformis, filled with abundant fecal materials. CONCLUSION: Seeds are seen in approximately 0.5% of the appendectomy specimens. Though rarely seen, the fragmented seed appearance may cause diagnostic difficulties. In this context, the key morphological features of parasites and plant seeds outlined in this study may be helpful in their differential diagnosis.

Retrospective analysis of the appendiceal neoplasms: sampling technique may influence neoplasm detection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon entities that are usually determined incidentally during the histopathological examination. Different techniques used for the macroscopic sampling of appendectomy material may affect the determinating neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H&E-stained slides of 1280 cases who underwent appendectomy between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively for histopathological features. RESULTS: Neoplasms were determined in 28 cases (3.09%); 1 lesion was observed in the proximal part of the appendix, 1 covering the entire length from proximal to distal and 26 in the distal part. In the 26 cases that observed in the distal part, the lesion was seen on both sides of the longitudinal section of the distal appendix in 20 cases, while it was seen on only one distal longitudinal section in the remaining 6 cases. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of appendiceal neoplasms are seen in the distal part of the appendix, and, in some cases, neoplasms might be seen on only one side of the distal section. Sampling only one-half of the distal part of the appendix, where tumours are most often observed, could result in some neoplasms being missed. Therefore, sampling the whole distal part would be more beneficial to determine small diameter tumours that do not create macroscopic findings.

Loss of E-cadherin expression in recurrent non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urothelial tract. Invasive cancer has a poor prognosis compared to non-invasive cancer, and identifying the cancer type is useful in determining the most appropriate treatment. In this study, the expression ratios of E-cadherin in non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were investigated. The goal of the study was to predict possible invasion in the recurrence of these cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-two recurrent non-invasive cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were retrospectively analyzed. An immunohistochemical study of E-cadherin was performed of the baseline tissue sections. An evaluation was carried out of the intensity of membranous staining of E-cadherin and the percentage of cells that stained positive. RESULTS: Invasive cancer was identified in the recurrence material of 14 of the 72 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder that were originally non-invasive based on the baseline samples. The rate of invasion in the recurrence material was significantly higher in cases in which the loss of E-cadherin expression was observed. CONCLUSION: If E-cadherin expression is negative or weak, close clinical follow-up of patients is necessary, even if the initial diagnosis is non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. This is because the rate of invasion in these cases is higher in recurrent cases.

Pregabalin does not affect fracture healing adversely.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the radiographic, histological, and biomechanical effects of pregabalin on fracture healing in a rat model of femur fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 female Wistar-Albino rats (mean age 12±1 weeks; mean body weight 236±12 grams) were randomized into four groups with eight rats in each group. Groups A and B were the control groups whereas C and D were the treatment groups. Drugs were delivered by oral gavage. Radiographic, histological and biomechanical evaluations were performed after sacrificing the rats in groups A and C on 15th postoperative day and the rats in groups B and D on 30th postoperative day. RESULTS: Although radiographic results were better in groups A and B than groups C and D at the end of 15th day, no significant difference was detected at the end of 30th day. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups on 15th and 30th days in terms of histological or biomechanical evaluation. CONCLUSION: Administration of pregabalin did not affect fracture healing process adversely in rats.

Should orthopedic surgeons consider the effects of gabapentin administration on bone healing while treating a long bone fracture: experimental study in a rat model.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of the present study was to assess the radiographic, histological, and mechanical effects of gabapentin on fracture healing in a rat model of femur fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A standard transverse fracture of the mid-diaphysis was created. A total of 60 female Wistar-Albino rats with the mean age of 13.5 ± 1.2 weeks were used for this experimental trial. The rats were randomized into four groups with 15 animals included in each group. Group A and B were the control groups whereas C and D were the treatment groups. Drugs were delivered by oral gavage twice a day with the daily dosage calculated according to body surface area conversion to the human equivalent dosing regimen of 1200 mg/day. Radiographic, histological, and biomechanical evaluation was performed. RESULTS: We could not detect any statistically significant difference between the control and gabapentin treatment groups according to the comparative assessment of radiographic scores on the 15th and 30th days. Although no significant differences were found between the groups on the 15th day, histological scores were better in the control group on the 30th day. According to the results of biomechanical testing, the fractured femurs resected from the control group exhibited significantly more strength on the 30th day. CONCLUSIONS: According to the data we acquired during the present study, administration of gabapentin negatively affects the fracture healing process especially in the aspects of histological progression as well as the biomechanical strength of the callus in a rat model.

Acquired Solitary Glomangiomyoma on the Forearm: A Rare Case Report.

Glomus tumours are benign lesions which are frequently seen on hand (particularly subungual region). In this report a 52-year-old male patient with glomangiomyoma on the left forearm has been presented. With a preliminary diagnosis of haemangioma, a subcutaneous well-circumscribed nodular lesion of the patient was excised. On histomorphological examination glomus cells, vascular structures and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells were seen around it. Immunohistochemistry of smooth muscle cells and glomus cells showed positivity for smooth muscle actin. By means of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with glomangiomyoma. Glomus tumours are rare in the forearm (In the literatüre there are two cases). Moreover, glomangiomyomas are the least common histomorphological type of glomus tumour and are generally seen in the lower extremity. In the literature, a few cases of glomangioma and solitary glomus tumour has been described on the forearm histologically and only a few glomangiomyoma cases on forearm location. We have presented the glomangiomyoma on the forearm as a rarely-seen case. Early diagnosis of the glomangiomyoma on the forearm is of importance for the prevention of morbidity.

Aggressive papillary adenocarcinoma on atypical localization: A unique case report.

INTRODUCTION: Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (ADPA) is a rare sweat gland tumor that is found on the fingers, toes, and the digits. To date, <100 cases have been reported in the literature. Apart from 1 case reported in the thigh, all of them were on digital or nondigital acral skin. CASE PRESENTATION: A 67-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to the hospital due to a mass on the scalp. This lesion was present for almost a year. It was a semimobile cyctic mass that elevated the scalp. There was no change in the skin color. Its dimensions were 1.5 × 1 × 0.6 cm. The laboratory, clinic, and radiologic findings (head x-ray) of the patient were normal. It was evaluated as a benign lesion such as lipoma or epidermal cyst by a surgeon due to a small semimobile mass and no erosion of the skull. It was excised by a local surgery excision. The result of the pathologic examination was aggressive papillary adenocarcinoma. This diagnosis is synonymous with ADPA. CONCLUSION: In our case, localization was scalp. This localization is the first for this tumor in the literature. In addition, another atypical localization of this tumor (ADPA) is thigh in the literature. This case was presented due to both the rare and atypical localizations. That is why, in our opinion, revision of "digital" term in ADPA is necessary due to seem in atypical localizations like thigh and scalp.

Association between well-known histopathological criteria and overall survival in invasive ductal carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: We investigated the effect of clinical features and well-known histomorphological parameters on survival of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 44 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were included in this study. We investigated the effect of age, breast cancer location (right/left), histological grade, largest diameter of the tumor, lymphovascular and perineural invasion on patient survival. IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 20 program was used for statistics. Cox proportional hazard regression model for survival analysis, log-log plot, life function graphs were used. Results were 95% confidence interval, significance (P < 0.05). RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the left breast localization, high histological grade, large tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion has been shown that reduced the overall survival (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only high histological grade, large tumor size and perineural invasion were identified as parameters negatively associated with patient survival (P < 0.05). On univariate and multivariate analysis, age was not associated with survival. CONCLUSION: The above results should be considered in the follow-up and treatment planning of invasive ductal carcinoma patients.

Retroperitoneal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour: A Rare Case Report.

Malignant nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rare neoplasias and retroperitoneal cases are fairly rare and clinically difficult to be detected, but they are very agressive neoplasias. MPNST are frequently seen in head, neck and upper extremities. In patients with NF1; MPNST, a poor-prognostic lesion, may result from a malignant degeneration of a former plexiform neurofibroma. It is necessary to be aware of a potential malignancy in patients diagnosed with plexiform neurofibroma. We present a 21-year-old female with a diagnosis of MPNST. The patient was admited to the hospital because of a tumour in the subcutaneous region on her left buttock. The surgeon's clinical diagnosis was lipoma. After the pathological examination of biopsy specimen, the lesion was identified as "plexiform neurofibroma" and then the patient was diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Simultaneously, another mass on the retroperitoneal region was identified as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST).

Adult Multicystic Nephroma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Multicystic nephroma (MCN) is relatively a rare, nongenetic and benign lesion of the kidney which has a bimodal distribution. The congenital form is commonly seen under the age of 2. Adult-onset MCN is more often seen in women, especially in post menopausal females. The aetiopathogenesis of MCN is still unknown. Ovarian-like stroma of the tumour indicates the tumour originates from the mullerian tissue of the kidney. Hormonal theory is suggestive as the stroma of the tumour is positive for estrogen and progesteron. Preoperative diagnosis of MCN is difficult. Surgical approach is recommended both for the histological diagnosis and the treatment of the disease. We here present a 53-year-old female patient with MCN admitted to the urology clinic with left flank pain treated successfully with partial nephrectomy. No recurrence was noted after six months of clinical and radiological follow-up.

Bilateral synchronous ossifying fibromas of the mandible: a case report.

Ossifying fibroma of the jaw is a benign fibroosseous tumour. The growth of it is slowly and it is well circumscribed. Occurrence of multiple ossifying fibromas (synchronous) is rare in the jaw, and only a few cases have been documented. The most of these cases were in only maxilla. The fewer cases were reported in both of maxilla and mandible. We report a case of bilateral synchronous ossifying fibromas involving the mandible of a 37 years old male. The importance of our case is that bilaterality and synchronous of the lesions. Our case is the first synchronous mandibler lesion in literature reported.