Subject(s)
Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Education, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Education, Professional/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Students/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objective. To identify student and school level predictors of pharmacy residency attainment. Methods. Data were collected from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Logistic multilevel modeling was used to examine the effects of select student and school level characteristics on pharmacy residency attainment, as indicated by students on the AACP Graduating Student Survey (GSS) from 2013 to 2015. Results. The dataset included 24,351 graduating pharmacy students from 101 schools and colleges of pharmacy. Predictors of residency attainment included working in an institutional pharmacy, female gender, student age, school age, and Research I classification. Nonsignificant variables included curriculum type, class size, and institutional control. Conclusion. Student and pharmacy school characteristics impact the likelihood of pharmacy residency attainment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms associated with these effects.
Subject(s)
Education, Pharmacy/methods , Pharmacy Residencies/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Age Factors , Curriculum , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultSubject(s)
Data Collection/trends , Education, Pharmacy/trends , Population Groups , Schools, Pharmacy/trends , Students, Pharmacy , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Education, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Schools, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data , Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the status of women in pharmacy education with particular focus on a 10-year update of a previous study. METHODS: Information was obtained from national databases, published reports, scholarly articles, and association websites. Comparisons were made between men and women regarding degree completion, rank, tenure status, leadership positions, research awards, salaries, and career advancement. RESULTS: There have been modest gains in the number of women serving as department chairs and deans. Salary disparities were found between men and women at several ranks within pharmacy practice. Men were more apt to be tenured or in tenure-track positions and received 89.4% of the national achievement awards tracked since 1981. CONCLUSION: The problem cannot be simply attributed to the pipeline of those entering academia. Barriers to advancement differ between men and women. We recommend that individuals, institutions, and associations implement strategies to decrease barriers and reduce bias against women.