Detection of Beet curly top virus in Solanum jamesii, Artemisia tridentata, Helianthus annuus, and Cannabis sativa in Utah.

Historically, beet curly top virus (BCTV; Geminiviridae, Curtovirus) is known for destroying the sugar beet industry in Utah and has been a persistent problem in the state since then (Ball, 1917). Starting in June of 2022, we began identifying plants in San Juan County, Utah with chlorosis and leaf curling. Of note, Solanum jamesii, the Four Corners potato, Artemisia tridentata, big sagebrush, and Helianthus annuus, common sunflower, were found with general chlorosis, severe leaf curling and in the case of the sage brush, completely lacking in smell whereas nearby sage plants without the yellowing were intensely fragrant. In August 2023, Cannabis sativa plants for hemp production were found with severe leaf curling in Juab County, Utah. Samples were collected and stored at -80°C for future work. DNA was extracted using the IBI Genomic Plant DNA kit (IBI Scientific, Dubuque, IA) and subjected to rolling circle amplification using Phi29 polymerase (NEB, Ipswich, MA). The primer set BCTV2 (Strausbaugh et al. 2008) for BCTV detection was then used on a subset of the RCA-positive samples for either one (A. tridentata, H. annus, and S. jamesii) or two (C. sativa) plants displaying classic BCTV symptoms, to amplify a 518 bp region. This amplicon was then sequenced by the Sanger method to a 4x coverage. The resulting sequences (accession nos. OR698900 to OR698904) share 98.94 to 99.80% nucleotide identity to the Worland strain (accession no. KU892789.1) for all samples. To confirm the detection, a triple antibody sandwich ELISA kit from Nano Diagnostics (San Jose, CA) was used on these, and other plants of similar species and symptoms from across the state. Samples that tested positive include 3/3 symptomatic H. annuus plants, 1/1 symptomatic S. jamesii, 3/3 symptomatic A. tridentata. The A. tridentata samples were collected from Juab, San Juan, and Utah Counties. None of three asymptomatic A. tridentata plants tested were ELISA positive. Of the C. sativa plants tested by ELISA, 9/9 of the plants displaying classic BCTV symptoms in that host were positive and 6/6 of the plants without classic BCTV symptoms were ELISA positive. The findings of these novel hosts indicate the need for increased testing and analysis of economically relevant crops and native flora across the state. These findings represent a concern for conservation in the case of S. jamesii and a potential threat to the growing hemp industry in the state due to the severity of BCTV symptoms on these plants. Additionally, the finding of A. tridentata as a host may represent a significant finding for the epidemiology of BCTV in the Mountain West region as A. tridentata is distributed from Mexico to Canada along the Rocky Mountain range and is found in much of the Western US in arid regions. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of S. jamesii and A. tridentata as hosts for BCTV and the first peer reviewed reports for H. annuus and C. sativa as hosts for BCTV in Utah.

Piloting the Transforming RN Roles in Community-Based Integrated Primary Care (TRIP): Student Responses.

In this manuscript, we report the pilot results of the Transforming RN Roles in Community Based Integrated Primary Care (TRIP) undergraduate nursing curriculum. Junior nursing students participated in TRIP didactic, simulation and clinical activities and completed a focus group at the midpoint and conclusion of year one. Focus group themes addressed recruitment, understanding or primary care, connections between clinical and didactic, and team based care. TRIP offers the first comprehensive community based integrated primary care training for students in our region. Overall, the TRIP curriculum enhanced student learning and promoted leadership.

The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists.

This revision of the classification of unicellular eukaryotes updates that of Levine et al. (1980) for the protozoa and expands it to include other protists. Whereas the previous revision was primarily to incorporate the results of ultrastructural studies, this revision incorporates results from both ultrastructural research since 1980 and molecular phylogenetic studies. We propose a scheme that is based on nameless ranked systematics. The vocabulary of the taxonomy is updated, particularly to clarify the naming of groups that have been repositioned. We recognize six clusters of eukaryotes that may represent the basic groupings similar to traditional "kingdoms." The multicellular lineages emerged from within monophyletic protist lineages: animals and fungi from Opisthokonta, plants from Archaeplastida, and brown algae from Stramenopiles.

Lambda-[1,4,7,10-tetrakis[(S)-2-hydroxypropyl-kappaO]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-kappa4N]cadmium(II) bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenolate) acetonitrile solvate.

Crystallization of [Cd(S-thpc12)](ClO(4))(2) x H(2)O [S-thpc12 is 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[(S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane] in the presence of two equivalents of sodium picrate monohydrate (sodium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate monohydrate) diastereoselectively produces a neutral receptor complex, viz. the title compound, lambda-[Cd(C(20)H(44)N(4)O(4))](C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2) x CH(3)CN. In this complex, two picrate anions hydrogen bond, via their phenolate moieties, to the pendant hydroxyl groups of the receptor which, together with the four N atoms, themselves bond to Cd(II) in an approximately cubic arrangement. One picrate anion hydrogen bonds to all four hydroxyl groups, one of which also acts as the sole hydrogen-bond donor to the second picrate anion.

Model of problematic internet use in people with a sexual interest in children.

Agencies working with sex offenders are starting to see the emergence of people with a sexual interest in children who meet some of their needs through the use of child pornography, or the seduction of children, through the Internet. While CBT models dominate our understanding of sex offenders, there has been little research into the role that such new technologies may play in offending behavior. Data from the COPINE project has been used to generate a model of such offending behavior that emphasizes the role of cognitions in both the etiology, engagement with and problematic use of the Internet for those with a sexual interest in children. Such a model seeks to incorporate contemporary thinking about the role of cognitions in Pathological Internet Use, but applies this from a nonpathological perspective. This model is a first step towards providing a conceptual framework for such offending that will help inform both assessment and therapy.

On the structure of aragonite -- Lawrence Bragg revisited.

The structure of aragonite was first determined by Lawrence Bragg in 1924 in what is the now standard space-group setting Pnma (No. 62). Subsequent studies have all taken his structure as their starting points, despite Bragg's own stated doubts and some earlier etching studies which indicated that the underlying symmetry may really be polar. We have reinvestigated the structure and found that there are many reflections with significant intensity among those that should be systematically extinct in Pnma. Some of these reflections have been subjected to further experimental analysis and have been shown not to be due to Renninger effects. A possible model that satisfies these observations is one where the true structure is in space group P1; and the structure is twinned about the three axial twofold rotation axes of Pnma. The space group P1 cannot be ruled out. Evidence for these conclusions is presented. The crystal chemistry of aragonite is revisited and described in terms of the stuffed alloy CaC. The carbonate group is confirmed to be non-planar in the crystal.

Metal ion-dependent molecular inclusion chemistry: inclusion of aromatic anions by coordinated 1,4,7,10-tetrakis((S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane.

The ability of the pendant donor macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7,10-tetrakis((S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza- cyclododecane((S)-thphpc12) (or [Cd((S)-thphpc12)](2+)) to act as a metal ion-dependent receptor for aromatic anions has been investigated in solution and in the solid state. [Cd((S)-thphpc12)](2+) adopts a stable conical conformation with a large hydrophobic cavity, which has been shown to contain, via complementary multiple hydrogen bonding, p-nitrophenolate, aromatic carboxylates, p-toluenesulfonate, certain aromatic amino acid anions, phenoxyacetate, and acetate. In the case of p-nitrophenolate only, one or two anions can be contained within the receptor cavity. The crystal structure of [Cd((S)-thphpc12)(p-nitrophenolate)(2)] shows a coplanar arrangement of the p-nitrophenolates, where each is retained in the cavity by a pair of hydrogen bonds to cis hydroxyl groups. The crystal structure of the p-aminobenzoate inclusion complex indicates retention of the guest via a pair of hydrogen bonds to each oxygen atom of the carboxylate moiety. The crystal structure of the (L)-phenylalaninate inclusion complex indicates that the amino acid is retained by five hydrogen bonds, two involving the nitrogen atom and three to the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate moiety. Binding constants (10(3)-10(5) M(-1)) for the inclusion of some of the aforementioned anions in [Cd((S)-thphpc12)](2+) and related receptors were measured by (1)H NMR titration in DMSO-d(6) at 298 K.

Metal Ion Dependent Molecular Inclusion Chemistry: Inclusion of p-Toluenesulfonate and p-Nitrophenolate within the Structure of Coordinated 1,4,7,10-Tetrakis((S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane.

The pendant donor macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7,10-tetrakis((S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane ((S)-thphpc12) has been synthesized in quantitative yield from cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and (2S)-(+)-3-phenoxy-1,2-epoxypropane. An X-ray diffraction study supports the result of molecular orbital calculations in showing that complexation with hydrated cadmium(II) diperchlorate produces an approximately square-antiprismatic complex in which the metal ion is located between a plane containing the four nitrogen atoms and a plane containing the four oxygen atoms. As a consequence of this the four phenoxymethyl moieties, each attached to one of the four N-O chelate rings, juxtapose to form a substantial empty cavity allowing the complex to act as a molecular receptor. Inclusion complexes have been formed from this complex in which either a p-toluenesulfonate or p-nitrophenolate anion has entered the cavity. An X-ray crystallographic study of [Cd((S)-thphpc12)(p-toluenesulfonate)]ClO(4) shows that the guest anion is retained within the cavity by four hydrogen bonds to the group of hydroxyl moieties associated with the ligand. (13)C NMR and conductivity studies indicate that this inclusion complex retains its integrity in DMSO or DMF solution. Parallel studies have been conducted with [Pb((S)-thphpc12)](ClO(4))(2) indicating that the corresponding inclusion complexes are of lower stability.

Gold(I)-Purine Interactions: Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic and Open Chain Polynuclear Gold(I) Complexes Containing Xanthine Derivatives and Bis(phosphine) as Bridging Ligands. Crystal Structures of [Au(2)(&mgr;-HX)(&mgr;-dmpe)].3H(2)O and [Au(2)(&mgr;-TT)(&mgr;-dmpe)].H(2)O (H(3)X = Xanthine; H(2)TT = 8-Mercaptotheophylline).

The reaction of [(AuBr)(2)(&mgr;-PR(2)P(CH(2))(n)()PR(2))] (where R = CH(3) for n = 1; R = Ph for n = 1, 3, 4) with N-alkylxanthine and thioxanthine derivatives, containing two ionizable protons in close positions, yields, under basic conditions, neutral heterobridged dinuclear gold(I) ring complexes [Au(&mgr;-L)(2)(&mgr;-PR(2)P(CH(2))(n)()PR(2))], which have been investigated by means of (1)H- and (31)P-NMR and FAB spectroscopies. Crystal structures of two of these complexes are reported. [Au(2)(&mgr;-HX)(&mgr;-dmpe)].3H(2)O (1) (H(3)X = xanthine; dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphine)ethane) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 9.348(2) Å, b = 8.656(2) Å, c = 24.585(5) Å, beta = 98.24(2) degrees, Z = 4, and R = 0.040. [Au(2)(&mgr;-TT)(&mgr;-dmpe)].H(2)O (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 10.853(4) Å, b = 14.031(6) Å, c = 13.574(5) Å, beta = 100.80(4) degrees, Z = 4, and R = 0.063. The structures of 1 and 2 are similar and consist of dinuclear nine-membered ring molecules, in which the two linear two-coordinate gold atoms are bridged on one side by a dmpe ligand and on the other side by a bidentate xanthinato dianion, with intramolecular Au.Au distances of 3.053(1) and 2.952 (2) Å, respectively. In the former, the coordination of the xanthinato ligand to the gold atoms takes place through the N3 and N9 nitrogen atoms whereas, in the latter, N7,S8-chelate coordination of the 8-thiotheophyllinato dianion occurs. The magnitude of the Au.Au separation is analyzed in terms of the twisting of the xanthine derivative ligand from the plane containing the gold(I) and phosphorus atoms. For n = 6 the steric requirements of the Au(&mgr;-dpph)Au group prevents the formation of dinuclear ring complexes and open chain complexes are obtained. Finally, when the xanthine derivatives do not contain two close active coordination sites dinuclear open chain complexes are formed.