Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases/etiology , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/complications , Adult , HumansSubject(s)
Antigens/immunology , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/immunology , Kidney Glomerulus/immunology , Female , MaleABSTRACT
Recently, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) presenting nephrotic syndrome and renal failure induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been recognized with increasing frequency. We described here a 43-year-old woman who developed this type of nephropathy after taking NSAID for rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen (Froben) was assumed to be a causal drug based on a clinical course and a positive result of lymphocyte transformation test. Withdrawal of flurbiprofen therapy led no sufficient improvement, and high-dose steroid therapy done 15 months after the onset resulted in only a minor improvement. So far as we know, this was the second case of AIN associated with flurbiprofen and the youngest in NSAID-induced AIN with irreversible chronic renal insufficiency.
Subject(s)
Flurbiprofen/adverse effects , Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced , Propionates/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The effect of zotepine, a new neuroleptic, on head-twitch induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) in mice and rats was compared with that of known neuroleptics and the serotonin receptor blocker cyproheptadine. Among the neuroleptics tested, zotepine and haloperidol produced potent inhibitory effects on head-twitch induced by these three drugs. The results indicate that zotepine has a potent anti-hallucinogenic effect.
Subject(s)
5-Hydroxytryptophan/antagonists & inhibitors , Amphetamines/antagonists & inhibitors , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors , Dibenzothiepins/pharmacology , Mescaline/antagonists & inhibitors , Movement/drug effects , DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine/pharmacology , 5-Hydroxytryptophan/pharmacology , Animals , Female , Head , Male , Mescaline/pharmacology , Mice , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of alprazolam and its metabolites were investigated in mice, rats and rabbits, and compared with the data on diazepam, lorazepam and nitrazepam. Locomotor activity of mice in an open-field situation was increased with smaller doses of alprazolam and nitrazepam but not with diazepam and lorazepam. Alprazolam increased the hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine in mice. The anticonflict effects of alprazolam in rats were more potent than those of diazepam and lorazepam. In suppressing hyperemotionality and muricide of olfactory bulbectomized rats, alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and fairly equal to that of lorazepam. Muricide of raphe-lesioned rats was markedly inhibited by alprazolam. Mescaline-induced head-twitches in mice were more markedly increased with alprazolam than with nitrazepam and diazepam. Alprazolam, diazepam and lorazepam prevented both maximal electroshock and pentetrazol convulsions in mice. Alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and lorazepam in potentiating thiopental, ether and ethanol anesthesia in mice. In the impaired rotarod performance, alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and lorazepam in mice, but was much less potent than diazepam and lorazepam in mice, but was much less potent than lorazepam in rats. In conscious rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes, alprazolam induced a drowsy EEG pattern and depressed the EEG arousal response not only to auditory stimulation but also to mesencephalic reticular stimulation. The EEG effect of alprazolam was approx. twice that of diazepam. The pharmacological activity of alpha-hydroxyalprazolam was approx. one third that of alprazolam. However, 5-chloro-2-(3-hydromethyl-5-methyl-4H-1, 2,4-triazolo-4-yl) benzophenone showed no pharmacological activity. These results indicate that alprazolam possesses pharmacologic properties characteristic to benzodiazepines and that the activity is more potent than diazepam. In addition, alprazolam seems to have a specific effect on the central serotonergic mechanisms.