A Single-Port, Multiple-Access, Custom-Made Device Used in Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy in Standing Horses-A Preliminary Study.

This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses (n = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype.

Stress Load and Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: An Observational, Longitudinal, Single-Center Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.

Ascending aortic aneurysm (AAoA) is a silent disease with high mortality; however, the factors associated with a worse prognosis are not completely understood. The objective of this observational, longitudinal, single-center study was to identify the hemodynamic patterns and their influence on AAoA growth using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), focusing on the effects of geometrical variations on aortic hemodynamics. Personalized anatomic models were obtained from angiotomography scans of 30 patients in two different years (with intervals of one to three years between them), of which 16 (53%) showed aneurysm growth (defined as an increase in the ascending aorta volume by 5% or more). Numerically determined velocity and pressure fields were compared with the outcome of aneurysm growth. Through a statistical analysis, hemodynamic characteristics were found to be associated with aneurysm growth: average and maximum high pressure (superior to 100 Pa); average and maximum high wall shear stress (superior to 7 Pa) combined with high pressure (>100 Pa); and stress load over time (maximum pressure multiplied by the time interval between the exams). This study provides insights into a worse prognosis of this serious disease and may collaborate for the expansion of knowledge about mechanobiology in the progression of AAoA.

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Frozen or Glycerinated Bradypus variegatus Cadavers: A Comprehensive View with Emphasis on Anatomical Aspects.

Bradypus variegatus has unique anatomical characteristics, and many of its vascular and digestive tract aspects have yet to be clearly understood. This lack of information makes clinical diagnoses and surgical procedures difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical aspects of frozen and glycerinated corpses of B. variegatus using computed tomography (CT), emphasizing vascular and digestive contrast studies. Nine corpses that died during routine hospital were examined via CT in the supine position with scanning in the craniocaudal direction. In frozen cadavers, the contrast was injected into a cephalic vein after thawing and, subsequently, was administered orally. In addition to bone structures, CT allowed the identification of organs, soft tissues, and vascular structures in specimens. Visualization of soft tissues was better after contrast been administered intravenously and orally, even without active vascularization. Furthermore, the surfaces of the organs were highlighted by the glycerination method. With this technique, it was possible to describe part of the vascularization of the brachial, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal regions, in addition to highlighting the esophagus and part of the stomach. CT can be another tool for the evaluation of B. variegatus cadavers by anatomists or pathologists, contributing to the identification of anatomical structures.

The effectiveness of spiritual care training on medical students' self-reported competencies: A quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual care training on medical students' self-reported competencies. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental (controlled and non-randomized) study including 115 Brazilian medical students. Participants were enrolled into 2 groups: fourth-year students (n = 64) who received spiritual care training and sixth-year students (n = 51) who did not receive this training - control group (i.e., usual teaching). Participants answered a self-reported Spiritual Care Competence Scale. Comparisons between groups were performed and effect sizes were reported. RESULTS: Providing a spiritual care training resulted in significantly higher self-reported scores for the dimensions of "Assessment" (d = 0.99), "Improvement of care" (d = 0.69), "Counseling (d = 0.88)," "Referral" (d = 0.75), and "Total Spiritual Care" (d = 1.044) as compared to the control group. Likewise, 21 out of 27 items of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale were significantly higher for the intervention group, presenting effect sizes (d) ranging between 0.428 and 1.032. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Medical students receiving spiritual care training showed greater self-reported competencies as compared to those in the usual teaching. These results reinforce the importance of promoting spirituality teaching in medical schools.

New method of video-assisted vaginoscopy in Nellore heifers.

Vaginoscopy allows an intravaginal endoscopic evaluation and can help in the diagnosis of female bovine genital tract disorders. The aim of this study is to validate a new method of gynaecological examination using a Scope VOR&GDI videovaginoscope. Twenty-six heifers were used, divided into 2 groups with 13 animals, control group (GC) and videovaginoscopic group (GV). In the CG, vaginoscopy was performed with a vaginal speculum and in the GV with a Scope VOR&GDI videovaginoscope. All heifers underwent vaginoscopy on day 0 (D0), and 9 days later, on day 9 (D9). Vaginoscopy provided adequate intravaginal inspection. In the CG, 23% (3/13) of the heifers showed discomfort during the test. In GV, vaginal inspection was better due to better image quality. The videovaginoscope is the most effective equipment for carrying out the vaginoscopy procedure in Nellore heifers, as it produces sharper and clearer images and can help in the diagnostic and therapeutic routine of veterinarians.

Characterization of uterine involution using B-mode ultrasonography, color Doppler and elastography (acoustic radiation force impulse) for assessing postpartum in Santa Inês ewes.

The aim of this study was to investigate uterine involution using ultrasonography techniques during postpartum. Postpartum ultrasonography evaluation (B-mode, color Doppler and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography) of the uterus was performed by transabdominal approach at immediate after birth and sequentially every 48 hours, during 30 days. The uterine echotexture did not present significant variations (P >0.05) being homogeneous in most evaluations; echogenicity of the uterus increased along the evaluation period (P =0.0452). Progressive and remarkable decrease of the total uterine diameter (UD) were observed (P <0.0001), especially during the first days postpartum. The thickness of uterine wall gradually decreased, as well the endometrial, myometrium and lumen diameters (P <0.0001). Uterine blood flow was assessed by Doppler and decreased during postpartum period, being significantly lower (P=0.0225) on the 30th day of postpartum. Uterine parenchyma presented as homogeneous dark areas (not deformable) on qualitative ultrasound elastography and the means shear velocity values of the uterine wall on quantitative elastography did not differ. This is the first study that evaluate the stiffness of uterine wall in healthy ewes, providing baseline data about quantitative and qualitative stiffness of the normal uterus, and it may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of uterine alterations during the postpartum period, using the reference parameter established for the assessment of uterine integrity during postpartum period.

Avaliação da concordância das medidas do complexo aórtico através de softwares dedicados para realização de planejamento para TAVI em relação a medidas realizadas por especialistas em imagem cardiovascular / Assessment of the agreement of measurements of the aortic complex using dedicated software for carrying out TAVI planning in relation to measurements performed by specialists in cardiovascular imaging

INTRODUÇÃO: A troca valvar aórtica transcateter (TAVI) apesar de menos invasiva, consiste em procedimento de alta complexidade, cujo planejamento constitui um dos mais importantes passos para sua realização. A utilização da Tomografia computadorizada (TC) é hoje considerada o padrão-ouro para definição das medidas do complexo aórtico e escolha da prótese transcateter. Os softwares mais utilizados são aqueles de mensuração manual, vez que são gratuitos. Apesar de amplamente disponíveis, demandam mais tempo para análise, possuem curva de aprendizado maior e são sujeitos a erros do operador iniciante. Os softwares automáticos (HeartNavigatorTM, Phillips ®) e semi-automáticos (3MensioTM, Pie Medical Imaging ®) são práticos, rápidos e validados em estudos, mas pouco disponíveis. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a correlação (concordância) do planejamento pré-TAVI realizado de forma manual por operadores iniciantes (Fellow), medidas semi-automáticas realizadas através do software 3MensioTM por operador treinado e automáticas através do HeartNavigatorTM, em relação ao especialista em imagem cardiovascular, considerado o padrão-ouro. Objetivamos também avaliar o impacto das medidas na escolha do tamanho bioprótese. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, incluindo TC`s de pacientes submetidos a TAVI de Outubro de 2020 a Dezembro de 2022, com cegamento das medidas entre os operadores. Escolhidos aleatoriamente 100 casos do banco de dados e reavaliadas as TC`s, sendo as medidas inseridas em banco de dados específico, onde cada operador possuía o conhecimento apenas do tipo da bioprótese utilizada e seu respectivo guia de medidas. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 100 casos selecionados, foi possível a reavaliação da TC em 93 casos. Os pacientes eram em sua maioria homens (57, 61,3%), com idade média de 77 anos (± 7,4), 59,6 kg (± 13,8) e 1,62 cm de altura (± 8,7). A Tabela 1 apresenta a média e desvio padrão das medidas avaliadas e resumem as relações entre os observadores com a referência a partir do viés e intervalo de credibilidade de 95% e o Coeficiente de Concordância de Lin. O HeartNavigator foi o que apresentou menor correlação em relação ao padrão-ouro, apresentando um viés importante para estimativas de tamanho da prótese. O 3mensio apresentou os melhores coeficientes de concordância das medidas, bem como concordância na escolha do tamanho da bioprótese (Fig. 1). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo reforça a importância do planejamento pré-TAVI e o possível impacto da avaliação tomográfica por operadores iniciantes ou por softwares automáticos, visto variabilidade importante em relação ao especialista em imagem cardiovascular, o que pode impactar na decisão de tratamento de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. Destaca-se a alta concordância e menor variabilidade inter-operador quando utilizado o software 3Mensio, sendo este, superior em predizer o tamanho da bioprótese utilizada.

Utilização de ultrassonografia intracoronária no tratamento de lesões de tronco de coronária esquerda na rotina de um serviço de referência de cardiologia invasiva / Use of intracoronary ultrasound in the treatment of lesions of the left main coronary artery in the routine of an invasive cardiology reference service

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento percutâneo de lesões no Tronco de Coronária Esquerda (TCE) tem se demonstrado uma opção segura ao tratamento cirúrgico. O procedimento quando envolve a bifurcação, denota maior grau de complexidade e influencia a escolha da técnica, número de stents e utilização de imagem intracoronária para orientar o procedimento. OBJETIVO Esse levantamento tem por objetivo reportar a incidência da utilização de imagem intracoronária nas lesões de Tronco de Coronária Esquerda submetidas à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em um serviço de referência terciário. MÉTODOS Estudo observacional em que foi realizado levantamento de dados no período de 26 meses, entre os dias 01/03/2021 até 31/05/2023 baseado em revisão de prontuário e avaliação das imagens realizadas durante o procedimento de intervenção, em que se identificou os pacientes submetidos à ICP de Tronco da Coronária Esquerda (TCE) nos seus diversos contextos. Foi identificado a taxa de utilização de método de imagem intracoronária e a necessidade de otimização do tratamento conforme os achados e a taxa de óbito relacionada aos procedimentos. RESULTADOS Foram realizados 203 procedimentos de ICP de TCE no período, dos quais 167 envolviam bifurcação (82%). Em 99 dos procedimentos (48%) foi utilizada imagem, em que a ultrassonografia intracoronária (USIC) foi realizada em 88 casos (89%) e a tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) em 11 (11%). O método foi preferencialmente utilizado no período pré-intervenção para guiar estratégia inicial (75% dos casos). Em 31 casos houve modificação da conduta após o controle como: pós-dilatação, técnica de otimização proximal ou kissing balloon. Destes, 15 (48%) não haviam sido submetidos à avaliação inicial de imagem. A taxa de óbito foi de 1,4%. CONCLUSÃO Nessa análise, foi evidenciado uma utilização considerada elevada em relação aos trabalhos na literatura de imagem intracoronária. Assim como na literatura, a USIC foi mais utilizada que OCT. A taxa de óbitos relacionou-se à maior complexidade dos casos (SCA, bifurcação, instabilidade hemodinâmica). A utilização do método complementar foi relevante por ter modificado a conduta em quase metade dos casos dos que utilizaram imagem.

O que fazer quando em duvida da lesão culpada no IAMCSST? / What to do when in doubt about the culprit injury in STEMI?

Caso clinico Masculino, 45 anos, HAS, ex-tabagista iniciou dor precordial de forte intensidade, sem irradiação, 8/10 associada a sincope, durante partida de futebol no domingo. Foi levado a UPA perto do campo onde joga e admitido em 20min desde o início dos sintomas. Caso clínico Paciente evoluiu com melhora do padrão eletrocardiográfico, porém manteve dor 5/10. Transferido para hospital terciário para realização de cateterismo de urgência. Na admissão no PS mantinha-se com dor torácica retroesternal apesar de dose venosa de nitroglicerina de 1300mcg/h. E apresentando episódios frequentes de Taquicardia ventricular não sustentada. Encaminhado ao laboratório de hemodinâmica.

Tratamento de lesão de tronco da coronária esquerda em síndrome coronariana aguda instável / Treatment of left main coronary artery lesion in acute unstable coronary syndrome

Apresentação Clínica Identificação: Paciente ACS, masculino, 65 anos, hipertenso, diabético não insulino-dependente e ex-tabagista. Medicações: Losartana 50mg 12/12h e Metformina 500mg 8/8h. Quadro Clínico: Iniciou quadro de dor torácica típica, intensidade 10/10. Chegou ao pronto-socorro com 1 hora de duração da dor. Encaminhado à emergência, evoluiu com parada cardiorrespiratória em ritmo de fibrilação ventricular (Torsades de Pointes). Retorno à circulação espontânea após 1 ciclo de RCP com administração de desfibrilação ventricular. ECG pós PCR evidenciou supradesnivelamento do segmento ST em parede anterior. Encaminhado ao laboratório de hemodinâmica. Evolução Paciente recorreu com fibrilação ventricular intra-procedimento, com resolução após desfibrilação. Encaminhado à unidade coronariana para monitorização. Evoluiu com disfunção ventricular (FEVE 38%) às custas de déficit segmentar anterior. Na internação apresentou múltiplas complicações infecciosas. Recebeu alta após 45 dias de internação hospitalar. Conclusão Casos de SCACSST demandam tomada de decisão urgente e assertiva. A lesão culpada pode ser de alta complexidade e necessitar de métodos complementares para atingir o sucesso angiográfico. O intervencionista deve estar preparado para usar todo arsenal disponível no tratamento de lesões complexas, mesmo em cenários de emergência, objetivando o resultado final ótimo.

Trombose de stent associado a insuficiência mitral / Stent thrombosis associated with mitral regurgitation

Apresentação Clínica - Paciente de 59 anos, sexo feminino, apresentou Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio sem Supra de ST 02/12/2022 sem estratificação. Atual Angina Estável CCS II. Antecedentes Patológicos: Hipertensa; Diabetes Mellitus Insulino-dependente; Dislipidêmica; Tabagista; Angina Instável Set/21: Angioplastia 3 Stents para Coronária Direita; pós angioplastia 14/02/2023: Uso continuado de Dupla antiagregação com AAS e Clopidogrel desde o evento agudo. - Síncope na enfermaria - Choque Cardiogênico: FC 70 bpm; PA 60 x 40 mmHg; TEC 5 seg; FR 30 ipm; Turgência jugular patológica +++/4+; sopro sistólico +++/6+ foco mitral ECG: Ritmo Sinusal, Infra de ST de até 2mm de V1-V5 Lactato: 4,8 (VR <1,6 mmol/L). Troponina: 18170 mg/L (VR <11ng g/L) Dobutamina 5mcg/kg/min + Noradrenalina 0,4mcg/kg/min + Intubação Orotraqueal. Realizado ECO a beira leito e encaminhada para Reestudo. Conclusão: utilização de imagem (ultrassonografia intracoronária ­ IVUS) para avaliar mecanismo de trombose aguda de stent; A subexpansão e subdimensionamento do Stent é uma complicação potencialmente grave que pode se relacionar à trombose de Stent; Evento isquêmico agudo em Artéria Circunflexa levou à Insuficiência Mitral que contribuiu para o quadro de Choque Cardiogênico; O reconhecimento precoce e tratamento da trombose aguda de stent permitiu a resolução da Insuficiência Mitral e melhora clínica da paciente.

Laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in the umbilical region in a cadaveric model of bovine fetus.

Abdominal wall defects in calves are commonly diagnosed and treated via laparotomy. This technique has witnessed several advancements in the management of these disorders. This study aimed to create a study model and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in bovine fetuses (corpses) compared with the conventional technique. Sixteen bovine fetuses from pregnant cows slaughtered in slaughterhouses were included in this study. The fetuses were categorized into the control group (CG, n = 8), which was subjected to umbilical abdominorrhaphy via laparotomy, and the video-surgical group (VG, n = 8), which received video-assisted percutaneous sutures with two lateral accesses on the right flank. An abdominal wall defect was created in the VG group to generate a study model, which was corrected using the laparoscopic technique. The procedures were performed in two steps. The first step consisted of creating an abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region by laparoscopic approach in an iatrogenic manner (Step 1: E1). The second stage consisted of conventional abdominorrhaphy of the umbilical region wall defect in the CG group and video-assisted percutaneous suturing of the edges of the iatrogenic abdominal wall defect in the VG group, until reversal of the laparoscopic accesses (Step 2: E2). Step 1 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the two groups in step 2. The surgical time of step 2 was longer in the CG group (33.10 ± 0.43 minutes) than that in the VG group (10.13 ± 0.68 minutes, p < 0.0001), and the total surgical time was also longer in the CG group (38.48 ± 0.35 minutes) than that in the VG group (15.86 ± 0.67 minutes). The proposed laparoscopic technique allowed the creation of a study model for video-assisted percutaneous suturing with two portals and reduced the surgical time compared with the conventional technique. However, this method needs to be studied further in live animals.

Testicular alterations and semen quality in a selected group of breeding buffaloes.

Testicular ultrasound enables the evaluation of changes in the testicular parenchyma. This study aimed to report the occurrence of hypoechogenic testicular alterations and their relationship with semen quality in five breeding buffaloes. Two buffaloes presented with hyperechoic points characteristic of fibrosis and anechoic density content between the parietal and visceral tunica. The two bulls without ultrasonographic changes showed higher average trajectory speed, linear velocity, curvilinear velocity, amplitude of lateral displacement of the spermatic head, total motility, progressive motility, fast speed, and acrosomal membrane values within the normal range. The number of spermatozoa with major and total defects was higher in the group of animals without alterations. The three buffaloes that presented with testicular alterations produced semen within established freezing standards.

Characterization of uterine involution using B-mode ultrasonography, color Doppler and elastography (acoustic radiation force impulse) for assessing postpartum in Santa Inês ewes

The aim of this study was to investigate uterine involution using ultrasonography techniques during postpartum. Postpartum ultrasonography evaluation (B-mode, color Doppler and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography) of the uterus was performed by transabdominal approach at immediate after birth and sequentially every 48 hours, during 30 days. The uterine echotexture did not present significant variations (P >0.05) being homogeneous in most evaluations; echogenicity of the uterus increased along the evaluation period (P =0.0452). Progressive and remarkable decrease of the total uterine diameter (UD) were observed (P <0.0001), especially during the first days postpartum. The thickness of uterine wall gradually decreased, as well the endometrial, myometrium and lumen diameters (P <0.0001). Uterine blood flow was assessed by Doppler and decreased during postpartum period, being significantly lower (P=0.0225) on the 30th day of postpartum. Uterine parenchyma presented as homogeneous dark areas (not deformable) on qualitative ultrasound elastography and the means shear velocity values of the uterine wall on quantitative elastography did not differ. This is the first study that evaluate the stiffness of uterine wall in healthy ewes, providing baseline data about quantitative and qualitative stiffness of the normal uterus, and it may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of uterine alterations during the postpartum period, using the reference parameter established for the assessment of uterine integrity during postpartum period.(AU)

Gastroesophageal foreign bodies in dogs - endoscopy and surgical removal

Background: Gastroesophageal foreign bodies (GFD) are commonly diagnosed in dogs and are considered an endoscopic emergency that, although not resulting in serious clinical sequelae or mortality, can compromise the health and well-being of the patient. The use of the digestive endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of GFD can be a valuable and viable alternative. There are cases of GFD in dogs for which the indicated treatment is surgery, which can be performed using minimally invasive or conventional techniques, associated or not with flexible endoscopy. The objective of this work is to describe 16 cases of GFD removal in dogs demonstrating the efficiency of upper digestive endoscopy. Cases: Of the 16 GFD cases, 63% (10/16) were male and 37% (6/16) female. Most aged under 1 year (63%), puppies (5/16) and juveniles (5/16). The patient with the lowest body weight was a miniature pinscher weighing 0.8 kg (Case 14) and the heaviest was an American Pit Bull Terrier weighing 28 kg (Case 11), the mean body weight of patients diagnosed with GFD was 10.2 ± 6.7 kg. Small and medium breeds were more affected, 44.7% (7/16) and 44.7% (7/16), respectively, and large breeds (Golden Retrievier and Bull Terrier), from cases 1 and 4, the least affected, 12.6% (2/16) of the cases. The 16 patients underwent a 12 h food fast and a 4 h water fast, as gastrointestinal emptying in these cases of GFD can be influenced by these foreign bodies. All underwent general inhalation anesthesia with monitoring of physiological parameters (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure) before, during and after EGD, being positioned in left lateral decubitus. The 16 canine patients with suspected GFD underwent EGD for diagnostic confirmation and removal of foreign bodies. Five esophageal FB were diagnosed, 31% (5/16), and 11 gastric FB, 69% (11/16). The most frequently diagnosed foreign bodies were bone and tissue, 37.5% (6/16) and 31% (5/16). Other foreign bodies were materials such as plastics, metals, rubber, foam and stone. Of the 16 cases of GFD, EGD efficiently treated 88% (14/16) without the need for hospitalization, with only supportive treatment for the remission of complications caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the gastroesophageal tract. The main complications related to the presence of GFD were esophagitis in 25% (4/16) of cases, gastritis in 38% (6/16) and both alterations in 13% (2/16). Discussion: In this work, we can observe that more than a third of the clinical cases of treated dogs were diagnosed with GFD, demonstrating that these cases are common in the veterinary clinic. Most of these animals were males less than 1 year old. The improvement of learning in this category can lead these animals to exacerbated oral exploration of new objects. Most FBs were found in the stomach because they were of adequate size, consistency and shape for their passage through the esophagus, whereas esophageal FBs were all bone fragments of rigid consistency with diameters and sizes larger than the esophageal lumen. The interval between the ingestion of the object and the veterinary care can be decisive for the removal of the FB in the esophagus or stomach. Most gastric FBs removed were fabrics and plastics, flexible objects that can pass through the esophageal lumen more easily. Removal of GFD by endoscopy was performed with a high success rate, with only 2 cases being resolved by esophagostomy and gastrotomy. Flexible endoscopy proved to be an efficient technique for removing treated GFD, which can help remove FB during esophagotomy and be associated with rigid endoscopy. Patients recovered quickly and without complications, but it is important to emphasize that inadequate maneuvers and conducts can determine other outcomes. The use of endoscopy for GFD removal needs to be more popularized, as it can ensure better results for dogs treated with GFD.

Effects of oxygen supplementation in ewes subjected to laparoscopic ovum pick-up under total intravenous anesthesia / Efeitos da suplementação de oxigênio em ovelhas submetidas à aspiração de folículos por laparoscopia sob anestesia intravenosa total

Laparoscopy procedures are useful tools to perform some assisted reproductive biotechnologies in ewes, it requi-res general anesthesia and manoeuvres that might result in alteration of the cardiopulmonary function. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen supplementation as a therapeutic measure to mitigate these alterations in ewes submitted to laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Twenty-four healthy adult ewes were submitted to two LOPUs with a 21 days interval, under ketamine-midazolam anesthesia, and receiving each of the two experimental in random order, oxygen treatment (OT) 50 mL/kg/min of oxygen via endotracheal tube and control treatment (CT) not receive any inhalation treatment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rectal temperature (RT), end-tidal CO2 concentration (EtCO2) and recovery anesthesia time were evaluated during LOPU, arterial blood gases and electrolytes were evaluated after induction of anesthesia and at the end of the LOPU. Variables were compared between groups and moments using ANOVA. MAP, SpO2, PaO2, SaO2 and pH were higher in OT, while EtCO2, PaCO2, temperature loss and recovery time were lower. These results allow to conclude that oxy-gen supplementation in ewes submitted to LOPU under TIVA provides benefits in order to mitigate physiological alterations.(AU)

Os procedimentos de laparoscopia são ferramentas úteis para realizar algumas biotecnologias de reprodução assistida em ovelhas, requer anestesia geral e manobras que podem resultar em alteração da função cardiopulmonar. Por esse motivo, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da suplementação de oxigênio como medida terapêutica para atenuar as alterações em ovelhas submetidas à Aspiração Folicular guiada por Laparoscopia (LOPU) sob anestesia venosa total (TIVA). Vinte e quatro ovelhas adultas saudáveis foram submetidas a duas LOPUs com intervalo de 21 dias, sob anestesia com cetamina-midazolam, recebendo cada um dos dois experimentos em ordem aleatória, tratamento com oxigênio (OT) 50 mL/kg/min de oxigênio via tubo endotraqueal e tratamento de controle (CT) não recebem nenhum tratamento por inalação. Frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura retal (TR), concentração expirada de CO2 (EtCO2) e tempo de recuperação da anestesia foram avaliados durante LOPU, arterial gasometria e eletrólitos foram avaliados após a indução da anestesia e ao final da COL. As variáveis foram comparadas entre grupos e momentos por meio de ANOVA. PAM, SpO2, PaO2, SaO2 e pH foram maiores no TO, enquanto EtCO2, PaCO2, perda de temperatura e tempo de recuperação foram menores. Estes resultados permitem concluir que a suplementação de oxigênio em ovelhas submetidas a LOPU sob TIVA proporciona benefícios no sentido de atenuar as alterações fisiológicas.(AU)

Thoracoscopy pulmonary biopsy by two portals with a novel pre-tied loop ligature device in rabbits: an experimental study / Biópsia pulmonar por toracoscopia por dois portais com uma nova ligadura de alça pré-amarrada em coelhos: um estudo experimental

ABSTRACT: Thoracoscopy is replacing open lung biopsies because it is less invasive, usually the technique is done using three portals and intracorporeal suture technique. This study described the feasibility and efficacy of a novel pre tied loop ligature and to propose a thoracoscopic access strategy with two portals to perform lung biopsy in patients under 5 kg. Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed using a combined transdiaphragmatic approach and a right intercostal approach. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to perform a caudal lung lobe biopsy. Insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. The total surgery time was 41.4 ± 14.5 min. The procedure was carried out free of complications that prevented slippage or tightening the knot or that made it come loose after the lung biopsy; there was no serious complication during the surgical procedure. The samples obtained averaged 1x0.64x0.45 cm (Length, Width, Depth) and were considered satisfactory according to the histopathologic evaluation. Thorax radiographs taken before and after the surgeries were compared and showed no pneumothorax or hemothorax. Necropsy confirmed no knot failure occurred at the biopsy site. The use of the novel pre tied loop ligature is a safe and effective technique, avoiding problems with the limited size of the thoracic cavity in small patients.

RESUMO: A toracoscopia está substituindo as biópsias pulmonares abertas por ser menos invasiva. Usualmente a técnica é feita utilizando três portais e ligaduras feitas intra corporalmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a viabilidade e eficácia de uma nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada e propor uma estratégia de acesso toracoscópico com dois portais para realizar biópsia pulmonar em pacientes com menos de 5kg. Dez coelhos foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal. A biópsia pulmonar por toracoscopia total foi feita pela abordagem combinada transdiafragmática e abordagem intercostal direita. Uma nova ligadura pré-amarrada foi colocada para realizar uma biópsia do lobo pulmonar caudal. Não foi realizada insuflação da cavidade torácica. O tempo total de cirurgia foi de 41,4 ± 14,5 min. Os procedimentos foram realizados sem complicações que impedissem o escorregamento ou aperto do nó ou que o soltassem após a biópsia pulmonar; não houve nenhuma intercorrência grave durante o procedimento cirúrgico. As amostras coletadas tinham tamanho médio 1x0,64x0,45 cm e foram consideradas satisfatórias de acordo com a avaliação histopatológica. As radiografias de tórax feitas antes e depois das cirurgias foram comparadas e não mostraram pneumotórax ou hemotórax. A necropsia confirmou que não ocorreu falha do nó no local da biópsia. Conclui-se que uso da nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada é uma técnica segura e eficaz, evitando problemas com o tamanho limitado da cavidade torácica em pacientes pequenos.