Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Chlorophyllides/pharmacology , Dietary Fiber , Environmental Pollutants/pharmacokinetics , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analogs & derivatives , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antimutagenic Agents/administration & dosage , Chlorophyllides/administration & dosage , Environmental Pollutants/metabolism , Feces/chemistry , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/metabolismABSTRACT
The structure of iso-grayanotoxin II, a new diterpenoid from Leucothoe grayana MAX., has been determined as 3 beta,5 beta,6 beta,14 beta,16 alpha-pentahydroxygrayanotox-9(10)-ene by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The lethal dosage level of iso-grayanotoxin II in mice was lower than that of grayanotoxin III.
Subject(s)
Diterpenes/chemistry , Diterpenes/toxicity , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Toxic/chemistry , Toxins, Biological/chemistry , Toxins, Biological/toxicity , Animals , Chromatography, Gas , Crystallography, X-Ray , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Isomerism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Molecular Conformation , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Toxins, Biological/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Dialkyldithiocarbamates injected into mice 0.5 h prior to alloxan protected dose-dependently against the diabetogenic action of alloxan, and increased blood glucose levels at the time of alloxan injection. Furthermore, they exhibited anti-oxidative properties in vitro such as inhibition of lipid peroxidation, removal of hydrogen peroxide and reduction of the stable free radical, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). These results suggest that dialkyldithiocarbamates protect against the development of alloxan-induced diabetes by the indirect mechanism of producing hyperglycemia at the time of alloxan injection and possibly by their anti-oxidative effects as well.
Subject(s)
Alloxan/antagonists & inhibitors , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Dimethyldithiocarbamate/pharmacology , Ditiocarb/pharmacology , Thiocarbamates/pharmacology , Animals , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Lipid Peroxides/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Superoxide Dismutase/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
The grayanotoxin III (GTX III) was given intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 0.8 or 2.8 mg/kg. To study the effects of GTX III on rats, biological tests in serum for functions of liver and kidney and their pathological observation were performed 1 h after the administration. Using analysis of variance, multiple comparison and correlation on biological parameters, activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), guanase and leucine aminopeptidase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid and K increased significantly. These parameters showed dose-effect relations with GTX III. Though GPT and free fatty acid increased significantly, dose-effect relations were not shown. The activity of choline esterase and the concentrations of bilirubin, urea-N, lipoperoxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, Na and Cl were not significantly different. Pathological changes were not observed in the liver and kidney of rats. These results show that GTX III may affect the functions of liver and kidney in rats.