ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report a case of bilateral posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) due to bilateral anterior-drainage dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs). Case Description: We report on a 62-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension who presented with sudden bilateral visual loss and headache for 5 days. She denied a history of head trauma. On examination, her visual acuities were no light perception (NLP) with fixed pupils in both eyes. The ocular motility of both eyes was limited in all directions. Both eyelids were difficult to open. Anterior segment examination revealed bilateral chemosis and episcleral corkscrew vessels. Intraocular pressures were 45 and 48 mmHg in her right and left eyes, respectively. Gonioscopy revealed blood in Schlemm's canal at the nasal angle of the right eye. Fundus examination showed slightly dilated and tortuous retinal veins with normal-appearing optic discs in both eyes. The cup-to-disc ratios were 0.3 bilaterally. Other neurological examinations were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated dilation of the bilateral superior ophthalmic veins (SOVs), and marked orbital and periorbital congestion bilaterally. However, there was no compression or stretching of the bilateral optic nerves. Diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted imaging, with corresponding reduced apparent diffusion coefficient, in the entire bilateral orbital segment of the optic nerves was revealed, consistent with bilateral PION. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed arterialization of the bilateral cavernous sinuses and SOVs. Cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral anterior-drainage dural CCFs. Treatment with transvenous coil embolization was successful. Three months after embolization, ophthalmic examination demonstrated progressive improvement of aforementioned ophthalmic signs; however, her visual acuities remained NLP in both eyes. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral PION due to bilateral anterior-drainage dural CCFs. In spite of its rarity, PION should be considered as a severe, irreversible ophthalmic complication of anterior-drainage dural CCF.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic ability of preoperative peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) for predicting postoperative visual functions, including the visual field index (VFI) and visual acuity (VA), of subjects with pituitary adenoma (PA) who were treated with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma (ETSS-PA) exclusively. Subjects and Methods: This 11-year retrospective study was performed at a single institution in Thailand. Sixty-six eyes of 33 subjects who had a PA compressing the anterior visual pathway and were treated with ETSS-PA alone were included. The pRNFLT was measured globally and in the four quadrants preoperatively, using optical coherence tomography. Multivariable analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to demonstrate the prognostic ability of preoperative pRNFLT for postoperative visual functions (> 1 month but < 6 months after ETSS-PA). Results: The mean postoperative VFI and median postoperative VA were 79.45% ± 24.24% and 0.14 [interquartile range: 0.02, 0.40] logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Among the 56 eyes with a reliable postoperative VFI, thicker preoperative temporal (odds ratio, 1.18; p = 0.024) and inferior (odds ratio, 1.07; p = 0.013) pRNFLT values were associated with a postoperative VFI > 90%. The strongest association occurred with the preoperative temporal pRNFLT (AUC = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.720-0.923) with a cut-off value of 60 µm. Multivariable analysis for all 66 eyes showed that thicker preoperative inferior-quadrant pRNFLT (odds ratio, 1.05; p = 0.001) was associated with a postoperative VA of at least 20/25. The strongest performance was found with the preoperative inferior pRNFLT (AUC = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.615-0.849) with a cut-off value of 105 µm. Conclusion: Preoperative pRNFLT offers clinical utility for predicting visual functions after ETSS-PA. Temporal pRNFLT ≥ 60 µm and inferior pRNFLT ≥105 µm predicted postoperative VFI > 90% and postoperative VA better than or equal to 20/25, respectively.
