ABSTRACT
As science and technology evolve, there is an increasing need for promotion of international scientific exchange. Collaborations, while offering substantial opportunities for scientists and benefit to society, also present challenges for those working with animal models, such as non-human primates (NHPs). Diversity in regulation of animal research is sometimes mistaken for the absence of common international welfare standards. Here, the ethical and regulatory protocols for 13 countries that have guidelines in place for biomedical research involving NHPs were assessed with a focus on neuroscience. Review of the variability and similarity in trans-national NHP welfare regulations extended to countries in Asia, Europe and North America. A tabulated resource was established to advance solution-oriented discussions and scientific collaborations across borders. Our aim is to better inform the public and other stakeholders. Through cooperative efforts to identify and analyze information with reference to evidence-based discussion, the proposed key ingredients may help to shape and support a more informed, open framework. This framework and resource can be expanded further for biomedical research in other countries.
ABSTRACT
A Gram positive rod shaped bacterium designated as isolate H1 with Fluoride resistance up to 4 g/L sodium fluoride (NaF) in LB (Luria-Bertani) agar was isolated from a ground water sample of Narketpally area, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. The colonies of isolate H1 were off white in color. Growth patterns of isolate H1 were observed at two different concentrations, 100 and 250 ppm, of NaF and also without NaF in the medium. In cases where NaF was present in the media, the lag phases of the growth curves were extended when compared to the absence of NaF. Optimum pH required for the organism's growth was 8. Isolate H1 required a temperature of 37 °C with 150 rpm and 2% NaCl for its optimal growth in the medium without NaF. Meanwhile, isolate H1 could thrive in a diverse pH range, i.e., pH 5-10, and at an NaCl concentration of up to 11% in the medium with NaF. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, isolate H1 was identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus. It showed 98.47% 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus australimaris NH71_1T. Isolate H1 showed high fluoride removals of 22.5% and 38.2% with 100 and 250 mg/L of NaF in the LB broth when incubated at pH 8 and a temperature of 37 °C with 150 rpm for 3 day. Hence, this organism could be a promising isolate to apply for defluoridation of ground water in fluoride contaminthe ated areas.
ABSTRACT
The present study reports two bacteria, designated 87I and 112A, which were isolated from soil and activated sludge samples from Hyderabad, India, and that are capable of producing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Based on phenotypical features and genotypic investigations, these microorganisms were identified as Bacillus spp. Their optimal growth occurred between 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C and pH 7. Bacillus sp. 87I yielded a maximum of 70.04% dry cell weight (DCW) PHB in medium containing glucose as carbon source, followed by 55.5% DCW PHB in lactose-containing medium, whereas Bacillus sp. 112A produced a maximum of 67.73% PHB from glucose, 58.5% PHB from sucrose, followed by 50.5% PHB from starch as carbon substrates. The viscosity average molecular mass (M (v)) of the polymers from Bacillus sp. 87I was 513 kDa and from Bacillus sp. 112A was 521 kDa. All the properties of the biopolymers produced by the two strains 87I and 112A were characterized.
Subject(s)
Bacillus/classification , Bacillus/physiology , Hydroxybutyrates/isolation & purification , Hydroxybutyrates/metabolism , Polyesters/isolation & purification , Polyesters/metabolism , Sewage/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Bacillus/genetics , Bacillus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Culture Media/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Fatty Acids/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydroxybutyrates/chemistry , India , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Weight , Polyesters/chemistry , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Temperature , ViscosityABSTRACT
The objective of this paper was to report a bacterium designated as 88D, capable of producing poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P (3HB-co-3HV)] copolymer from a single carbon source, which was isolated from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Hyderabad, India. This microorganism, based on the phenotypical features and genotypic investigations, was identified as Bacillus sp. The optimal growth of Bacillus sp. 88D occurred between 28 and 30 degrees C and at pH 7. The strain yielded a maximum of 64.62% dry cell weight (DCW) polymer in the medium containing glucose as carbon source, which was followed by 60.46% DCW polymer in glycerol containing medium. Bacillus sp. 88D produced P (3HB-co-3HV) from glucose or glycerol, when they were used as a single carbon substrate. This bacterium produced polyhydrxybutyrate (PHB) when sodium acetate was used as sole carbon substrate. The viscosity average molecular mass (Mv) of the copolymers ranged from 523 to 627 kDa. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the biopolymers were characterized.