The Association of Kidney Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk.

BACKGROUND: One of the mechanisms of ovarian tumorigenesis is through inflammation. Kidney dysfunction is associated with increased inflammation; thus, we assessed its relationship with ovarian cancer risk. METHODS: In prospectively collected samples, we evaluated the association of kidney function markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) with ovarian cancer risk in the UK Biobank. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate quartiles of serum and urine markers with ovarian cancer risk overall and by histology. We assessed effect modification by CRP (≤3.0, >3.0 mg/L). RESULTS: Among 232,908 women (1,110 ovarian cancer cases diagnosed from 2006-2020), we observed no association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and ovarian cancer risk (Q4 vs. Q1: HR, 1.00; 95% confidence intervals, 0.83-1.22). Potassium was associated with endometrioid (Q4 vs. Q1: 0.33, 0.11-0.98) and clear cell (4.74, 1.39-16.16) tumors. Poor kidney function was associated with a nonsignificant increase in ovarian cancer risk among women with CRP>3.0 mg/L (e.g., uric acid Q4 vs. Q1; 1.23, 0.81-1.86), but not CRP≤3.0 mg/L (0.83, 0.66-1.05). Other associations did not vary across CRP categories. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney function was not clearly associated with ovarian cancer risk. Larger studies are needed to evaluate possible histology specific associations. Given the suggestive trend for increased ovarian cancer risk in women with poor kidney function and high CRP, future work is needed, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of inflammatory conditions. IMPACT: This study provided the first evaluation of markers of kidney function in relation to ovarian cancer risk.

e-Health Literacy Scale, Patient Attitudes, Medication Adherence, and Internal Locus of Control.

BACKGROUND: Health literacy is related to a variety of health outcomes, including disease control, health-related quality of life, and risk for death. Few studies have investigated the relation of electronic health literacy (e-health literacy) to outcomes or the mechanism by which they may be related. METHODS: Secondary data were drawn from participants in a larger study on chronic disease self-management who were age 40 years and older, had at least one chronic health condition and a health literacy score of 8th grade or below on the validated short form of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine. Participants completed the e-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, a modified version of the Attitudes Toward Health Care Providers Scale (ATHCPS), the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale (WFPTS), and the Gonzalez-Lu adherence questionnaire. Hypothesized relations were evaluated in a bootstrapped path analytic model using the Mplus statistical software. KEY RESULTS: Participants included 334 individuals (mean age: 57.5 years; 173 women and 161 men) with Black, Indigenous, and People of Color accounting for 83.3% of the participants and White individuals making up 16.7% of the participants. Model results showed that after controlling for age, education, gender, and race, the eHEALS score was significantly related to the ATHCPS and WFPTS but not to the Gonzalez-Lu adherence questionnaire (p < .05). The eHEALS score was significantly related to the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale. Analysis of indirect effects showed that a portion of the relation between e-health literacy and patient attitude and adherence was mediated by internal locus of control (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, e-health literacy was related to important patient attitude and behavior variables via locus of control. This finding has implications for the importance of improving patients' ability to use the internet to access and effectively use health information. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(2):e80-e88.].

Woman-to-woman: Feasibility of a lay health advisor program for cervical cancer education in Grenada, W.I.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Woman- to-Woman, a lay health advisor (LHA)-led educational intervention on cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge in a cohort of at-risk Grenadian women. Methods: LHAs from high-risk parishes were trained in the administration of the intervention and administered the program to 78 local women. Participants completed a pre- and post-knowledge test and a session evaluation. LHAs participated in a process evaluation focus group. Results: Sixty-eight percent (68%) of participants obtained higher knowledge scores following the educational intervention. The difference between the pre- and post-test scores was statistically significant (p = 0.05). Almost 94% agreed that they were taught new and useful information by credible, community informed and responsive LHAs. Ninety percent (90%) indicated great satisfaction and high motivation to recommend to others. LHAs reported on the intervention and their community interactions. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that a LHA-led educational intervention significantly improved participants' knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, Papanicolaou test and vaccination against HPV. Innovations: Researchers trancreated an evidenced based intervention originally designed for Latina women for Grenadian women. There is no evidence in the literature of previous LHA- cervical cancer education studies conducted in Grenada nor the Caribbean.

A mixed analysis approach to elucidate the multiple chronic condition experience of English- and Spanish-speaking older adults.

BACKGROUND: Having multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) is the most common health condition in older adults. The management of each condition presents many challenges. A key factor in patients' ability to manage their own health care is their level of health literacy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this mixed analysis study was to elucidate the experience of older adults living with MCCs and identify associations among the experiences to determine targets for future mobile health (mHealth) interventions focused on MCCs and health literacy. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using the Abilities, Skills, and Knowledge Model as a framework, semi-structured interviews were completed with 25 older adults in English and Spanish. Interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS: The main themes from these results included 1) Reflections of chronic disease; 2) Emotional aspects of chronic disease; 3) Physical barriers to well-being; 4) Quality-of-care factors; and 5) Cognitive strategies for self-management. Qualitative results highlighted the importance of a multi-targeted approach to chronic disease self-management (CDSM). Cluster analysis identified associations within the qualitative data, revealing the importance of the subthemes related to coping with pain and the impact of the patient-provider relationship on treatment adherence. CONCLUSION: Results support the utility of mHealth interventions to improve health literacy and promote CDSM.

Gatekeepers' perceptions of the quality and availability of services for breast and cervical cancer patients in the English-speaking Windward Islands: an exploratory investigation.

PURPOSE: Although extensive screening services for breast and cervical cancers are available in the Caribbean, these cancers continue to be the leading causes of cancer death among women in this region. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and availability of breast and cervical cancer treatment care and support services from the perspective of the gatekeepers who provide care for the patients in the Windward Islands of Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, and St. Vincent. METHODS: A qualitative research design using semi-structured, in-depth interviews was used to gather data from gatekeepers who provided oncology prevention and care services to patients for at least one year. Data were collected on availability and quality of cancer care and treatment services and coded using the themes obtained via thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS: Twenty-three current providers participated in the study (Dominica, 5; Grenada, 7; St. Lucia, 5; St. Vincent and the Grenadines, 6). The participants' years of work experience ranged from 2 to 45 years. The codes encompassed a range of social ecological factors that influence breast and cervical cancer screening and treatment in the Windward Islands. The emergent themes were availability of resources, cost of care, and social support. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study emphasize the varying social determinants of health that affect breast and cervical cancer prevention and treatment. It also highlights the disparities in availability of treatment within the wider Caribbean. It is necessary to broaden the perspective on health from a purely biomedical paradigm to a social perspective.

Discussion of First-Degree Relatives' Colorectal Cancer Risk: Survivors' Perspectives.

Although screening reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, screening rates are low, particularly among CRC patients' first-degree relatives (FDRs). Little is known about discussion of family members' risk of CRC among patients and their health care providers or with their FDRs. The purpose of this research, guided by the Protection Motivation Theory, was to assess patients' patterns of disclosure of CRC diagnosis to adult siblings and/or children and discussion of familial risk by healthcare providers. A cross-sectional sample of patients who received care at a comprehensive cancer center was recruited to complete telephone-based interviews related to disclosure of CRC diagnosis to FDRs, recall of physician counseling about familial risk, and patients' perception of CRC risk to FDRs. Sixty-nine patients completed the interview. Most participants (n = 67, 97%) had informed their adult children or siblings of their CRC diagnosis to keep their family informed of their health status (n = 15, 22%) and to encourage FDRs to screen for CRC (n = 14, 20%). More than half of the participants' physicians (n = 38, 55%) discussed FDRs' risk of developing CRC with the patient. However, a substantial proportion of patients reported no physician discussion of this risk (n = 28, 41%). Data from this study may guide the development of interventions to facilitate physician discussion and counseling of CRC patients about their FDRs' risk for CRC. However, future studies should explore whether FDRs are likely to be screened after becoming aware of their family member's diagnosis of CRC.