Electroacupuncture improves gastrointestinal motility through a central-cholinergic pathway-mediated GDNF releasing from intestinal glial cells to protect intestinal neurons in Parkinson's disease rats.

Constipation symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) seriously reduce the quality of life of patients and aggravate the development of the disease, but current treatment options still cannot alleviate the progress of constipation. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a new method for the treatment of constipation, which can effectively treat the symptoms of constipation in PD patients. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of EA in the treatment of constipation symptoms in PD remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of EA on PD constipation rats and its regulatory mechanism. A rotenone (ROT)-induced gastrointestinal motility disorder model was used to simulate the pathological process of constipation in PD. The results showed that EA could effectively promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, reduce α-synuclein accumulation in substantia nigra and colon and colonic injury in rats after ROT administration. Mechanistically, EA activation of the central-cholinergic pathway increases acetylcholine release in the colon. At the same time, EA up-regulated the co-expression of enteric glial cells (EGCs) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). EA increased the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the colon of PD rats. Further mechanistic studies showed that EA increased the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), GFRa1 and p-AKT in colon tissues. The present study confirmed that EA upregulates α7nAChR through a central-cholinergic mechanism to promote GDNF release from EGCs, thereby protecting intestinal neurons and thereby improving gastrointestinal motility.

Serum Leptin and Adiponectin: Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease Secondary to Psoriasis.

Background: To explore the role and clinical significance of serum adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with psoriasis accompanied by atherosclerosis. Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with psoriasis in our dermatology department and 40 healthy people in our physical examination centre were included as the study group and control group, respectively. All the included patients underwent fasting blood and serum tests. Levels of adiponectin, leptin, and the blood lipid content; colour Doppler ultrasonography of both common carotid arteries, internal carotid and external carotid arteries; and intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque were evaluated. Results: In the study group, the leptin level increased, and the serum adiponectin level decreased; these levels were statistically significantly different compared with those in the control group (t = 6.774, P < 0.001 and t = -3.511, P < 0.05, respectively). IMT was negatively correlated with adiponectin levels (r = -0.378, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with leptin levels (r = 0.581, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The imbalanced expression of serum and adiponectin levels will aggravate psoriasis and promote the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Serum levels can be used to assess the disease severity, detect vascular lesions early, and prevent the development of psoriasis to cardiovascular disease.

GPR177 in A-fiber sensory neurons drives diabetic neuropathic pain via WNT-mediated TRPV1 activation.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and devastating complication in patients with diabetes. The mechanisms mediating DNP are not completely elucidated, and effective treatments are lacking. A-fiber sensory neurons have been shown to mediate the development of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain, yet the molecular basis underlying the contribution of A-fiber neurons is still unclear. Here, we report that the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 177 (GPR177) in A-fiber neurons drives DNP via WNT5a-mediated activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) ion channel. GPR177 is mainly expressed in large-diameter A-fiber dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and required for the development of DNP in mice. Mechanistically, we found that GPR177 mediated the secretion of WNT5a from A-fiber DRG neurons into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which was necessary for the maintenance of DNP. Extracellular perfusion of WNT5a induced rapid currents in both TRPV1-expressing heterologous cells and nociceptive DRG neurons. Computer simulations revealed that WNT5a has the potential to bind the residues at the extracellular S5-S6 loop of TRPV1. Using a peptide able to disrupt the predicted WNT5a/TRPV1 interaction suppressed DNP- and WNT5a-induced neuropathic pain symptoms in rodents. We confirmed GPR177/WNT5A coexpression in human DRG neurons and WNT5A secretion in CSF from patients with DNP. Thus, our results reveal a role for WNT5a as an endogenous and potent TRPV1 agonist, and the GPR177-WNT5a-TRPV1 axis as a driver of DNP pathogenesis in rodents. Our findings identified a potential analgesic target that might relieve neuropathic pain in patients with diabetes.

Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and depressive symptoms in young adults with acne vulgaris.

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the proteins that contributes to the survival, growth, maintenance of neurons, and plays important roles in the pathophysiology of depression. It has been reported that depression is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris disease. But, there is no report of serum BDNF levels in patients with acne vulgaris. The study aimed to determine the potential association between BDNF and depressive symptoms in young adults with acne vulgaris. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the serum BDNF levels were measured in peripheral blood samples of 20 consecutive acne vulgaris patients with depression and 98 consecutive acne vulgaris patients without depression and also compared it with a 59 healthy control group by using a ELISA. The potential correlation between the BDNF levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and depressive symptoms such as nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that levels of BDNF expression were lower in consecutive acne vulgaris patients when compared with healthy control (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between levels of BDNF and the PHQ-9 scores (r = - 0.486, P < 0.001). Furthermore, acne vulgaris patients with depression showed lower serum BDNF levels (10.96 ± 2.12 ng/ml) compared with acne vulgaris patients without depression (13.85 ± 2.47 ng/ml), as well as with healthy control (14.35 ± 2.70 ng/mg; both P < 0.05). No difference was found in serum BDNF levels between healthy control and acne vulgaris patients without depressive symptoms (z = 0.964, P > 0.05). Similarly, the overall area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic was 0.82, indicating the highly conserving of serum BDNF levels as an biomarker for screening of depression in young adults with acne vulgaris (72% sensitivity and 85% specificity). CONCLUSION: Serum BDNF levels were decreased and negatively associated with depressive symptoms in young Chinese adults with acne vulgaris.