Measurement of the maximum corridor parameters of infra acetabular screw and evaluation of the feasibility of screw insertion by digital analysis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To measure the maximum corridor parameters of the infra acetabular screw and evaluate the feasibility of screw insertion through digital analysis of the acetabular structure.@*METHODS@#The pelvic CT data of 100 patients who received plain pelvic CT scan from April 2013 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 50 males, aged 20 to 84 years, with an average age of (48.42±17.48) years, and 50 females, aged 18 to 87 years, with an average age of (55.02±19.54) years. Patients with acetabular fractures, hip dysplasia, and metal implants in the acetabulum were excluded. Import CT data into Mimics software in DICOM format to generate a three-dimensional model, and find the axialprojection of the infra-acetabular corridor in the middle of the pubis ramus in the inlet view. A virtual screw was placed in the infra-acetabular space and measure the parameters including the diameter and the length of the maximum corridor, the distance from the insertion point to the pubic symphysis, to the anterosuperior iliac spine and to the medial edge of the pelvis. Then import the pelvic model into 3- matic software, establish the pelvic model anterior pelvic plane and median sagittal plane, and measure the angle between the screw axis and the two planes. A minimum corridor diameter of at least 5 mm was defined as a cutoff for placing a 3.5 mm screw, and calculate the screw insertion rate.@*RESULTS@#In 100 cases, 49% of patients had a infra acetabular corridor with a diameter ≥5 mm, and the rate of screw placement in men was significantly higher than that in women. The average diameter of the maximum corridor of infra-acetabular screw was (4.86±1.72) mm, the average length was (94.04±8.29) mm, the average distance from the insertion point to the pubic symphysis was (60.92±4.84) mm, to the anterosuperior iliac spine was (85.15± 6.85) mm, and to the medial edge of the pelvis was (6.12±3.32) mm. The mean angle between the axis of the screw and the median sagittal plane was (-1.38±4.74)°, and the mean angle between the axis of the screw and the anterior pelvic plane was (56.77±7.93)°. There are significant differences between male and female measured parameters, except for the angle between the screw axis and the anterior pelvic plane. There was no statistically significant difference in the maximum corridor parameters of infra-acetabular screw on both sides of the pelvis.@*CONCLUSION@#This study shows that the insertion rate of infra-acetabular screws is low in local patients, and the feasibility of screw insertion should be fully evaluated before surgery.

Comprehensive analysis of the whole coding and non-coding RNA transcriptome expression profiles and construction of the circRNA-lncRNA co-regulated ceRNA network in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in oncogenicity. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms and functions remain poorly understood, especially for lncRNAs and circRNAs. In this study, we simultaneously detected, for the first time, the expression profiles of the whole transcriptome, including miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA + mRNA, in five pairs of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and matched non-carcinoma tissues by microarrays. Five miRNAs, four circRNAs, three lncRNAs and five mRNAs that were dysregulated were selected to confirm the verification of the microarray data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 20 pairs of LSCC samples. We constructed LSCC-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of lncRNAs and circRNAs (circRNA or lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) respectively. Functional annotation revealed the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network were enriched for genes involved in the tumor-associated pathways. Hsa_circ_0033988 with the highest degree in the circRNA-mediated ceRNA network was associated with fatty acid degradation, which was responsible for the depletion of fat in tumor-associated cachexia. Finally, to clarify the ncRNA co-regulation mechanism, we constructed a circRNA-lncRNA co-regulated network by integrating the above two networks and identified 9 modules for further study. A subnetwork of module 2 with the most dysregulated microRNAs was extracted to establish the ncRNA-involved TGF-ß-associated pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a high-throughput microarray data of the coding and non-coding RNAs and establish the foundation for further functional research on the ceRNA regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNAs in LSCC.

A three-lncRNA expression signature predicts survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Increasing evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important biological functions and can be used as a prognostic biomarker in human cancers. However, investigation of the prognostic value of lncRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is in infancy. In the present study, we analyzed the lncRNA expression data in a large number of HNSCC patients (n=425) derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify an lncRNA expression signature for improving the prognosis of HNSCC. Three lncRNAs are identified to be significantly associated with survival in the training dataset using Cox regression analysis. Three lncRNAs were integrated to construct an lncRNA expression signature that could stratify patients of training dataset into the high-risk group and low-risk group with significantly different survival time (median survival 1.85 years vs. 5.48 years; P=0.0018, log-rank test). The prognostic value of this three-lncRNA signature was confirmed in the testing and entire datasets, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the prognostic power of three-lncRNA signature was independent of clinical features by multivariate Cox regression and stratified analysis. These three lncRNAs were significantly associated with known genetic and epigenetic events by means of functional enrichment analysis. Therefore, our results indicated that the three-lncRNA expression signature can predict HNSCC patients' survival.

MiR-19a is correlated with prognosis and apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating TIMP-2 expression.

MiRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and function as important regulators in cancer-related processes. The miR-19a is overexpressed in various cancers and has been causally related to cellular proliferation and growth. To determine whether miR-19a plays a role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), we used quantitative real time PCR to detect miR-19a expression in LSCC tissues. We found that miR-19a is overexpressed in LSCC and correlated with neck nodal metastasis, poor differentiation and advanced stage. Statistical analysis suggests that higher level of miR-19a was associated with reduced overall survival. In vitro functional study showed that inhibition of miR-19a by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) led to apoptosis and reduction of cell proliferation in LSCC cells. Furthermore, growth of LSCC xenograft tumors was significantly suppressed by repeated injection of ASO-miR-19a lentivirus. The TUNEL stain and transmission electron microscopy also detected increased apoptotic cells in ASO-miR-19a treated LSCC xenografts. In addition, both realtime PCR and western blot showed ASO-miR-19a can upregulate TIMP-2 expression and this suggests miR-19a is related with TIMP-2 pathway in LSCC cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-19a plays an oncogenic role in the progression of LSCC, and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for patients with LSCC.

[Transoral CO2 laser epiglottectomy for early epiglottic carcinomas].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional results of transoral CO2 laser epiglottectomy with transcervical supraglottic laryngectomy and to find the landmarks for CO2 laser surgery. METHODS: Forty-nine preoperatively untreated patients diagnosed as clinical T1-2N0M0 epiglottic carcinomas enrolled from June 1, 2006, to November 1, 2009 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were studied retrospectively. Seventeen cases were treated by CO2 laser whereas 32 by open surgeries. The upper edge of thyroid cartilage and mucosal recess infra epiglottic tubercle could be used as intraoperation landmarks for transoral CO2 laser surgery. Optional neck dissections (II, III) were performed for 34 patients with tumors on laryngeal face, but not for 15 with tumors on the edges of epiglottis or small laryngeal face tumors. RESULTS: The follow-up for this study covers a period ranging from 3 to 6 years postoperatively. Four local recurrences were found for this study, 2 for laser surgery who underwent additional repeated exisions and 2 for conventional techniques, one received radiotherapy (60 Gy) and another with total laryngectomy. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 10.2% (5/49) in all cases. Time of naso-feeding or hospitalisation was significantly shorter for CO2 laser treated patients than that for open techniques. Overall 3 year's survival rates were 100% and 90.6% for CO2 laser and the open techniques respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the open technique, transoral CO2 laser epiglottectomy is a well-tolerated and promising resection technique with low morbidity for early epiglottic carcinomas, and the identification of landmarks is useful for entire resection of epiglottis.

Human mesenchymal stem cells play a dual role on tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Nowadays, some evidences demonstrate that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) favor tumor growth; however, others show that hMSCs can suppress tumorigenesis and tumor growth. With the indeterminateness of the effect of hMSCs on tumors, we investigated the effect of hMSCs on lung cancer cell line A549 and esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that hMSCs inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549 and Eca-109 cells, arrested tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced the apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro by using a co-culture system and the hMSCs-conditioned medium. However, animal study showed that hMSCs enhanced tumor formation and growth in vivo. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation data showed that the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin E, phospho-retinoblastoma protein (pRb), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xL, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were downregulated and the formation of Cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complexes was inhibited in the tumor cells treated with the hMSCs-conditioned medium. According to the observation of tumor mass and the result of microvessel density (MVD), we found that the promoting role of hMSCs on tumor growth was related with the increase of tumor vessel formation. Our present study suggests that hMSCs have a contradictory effect on tumor cell growth between in vitro and in vivo, and therefore, the exploitation of hMSCs in new therapeutic strategies should be cautious under the malignant conditions.

[Role of siRNA mediated matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene silencing in the inhibition of invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene silencing in vitro and in vivo on the invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer cells. METHODS: siRNA recombinant lentivirus targeting MMP-2 gene was transfected into Hep-2 cells, and MMP-2 protein expression was analyzed consequently by using western-blot. Invasive properties of transfectants were evaluated by Boyden assay. In addition, the lentivirus was intratumorally injected in a model of the grafted nude mouse and the morphological changes of transfectants were examined by transmission electron microscope. Finally, cell proliferation in xenografts was measured by immunolabeling of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS: Over 90% of target cancer cells were found to be transfected by MMP-2-RNAi-Lentivirus. Western-blot analysis revealed that none of transfectants expressed MMP-2 protein whereas most untreated cancer cells exhibited positive protein expression. Significant differences were found between the treated and untreated groups regarding the number of transfectants penetrating through an artificial basement in a Boyden chamber (12 +/- 4 vs 35 +/- 6, x +/- s, t = 14.492, P < 0.01), and the average value of weight [(1.186 +/- 0.225) g vs [(2.127 +/- 0.344) g] and volume [(0.974 +/- 0.216) cm3 vs (1.618 +/- 0.272) cm3] of the grafted tumors (t was 7.094 and 5.684, P < 0.01). The overall tumor inhibitive rate was about 44.2%. Transmission electron microscope showed an obviously decreased invasive feature of transfectants. Finally, the percentages of transfectants immunolabeled for PCNA were significantly lower in the treated group (49.588 +/- 6.995) than those (71.434 +/- 7. 043) in control one (t = 9. 573, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The invasion, growth and proliferation of laryngeal cancer can be inhibited by siRNA mediated MMP-2 gene silencing. These data strongly suggest that MMP-2 gene silencing by siRNA technology could be a promising approach to cancer therapy.

[The experimental investigation of the invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer by matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene silence together].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitive role of the invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer by lentivirus mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-9) gene silence. METHODS: RNA interference (RNAi) technic was used. Recombinant lentivirus of small interference RNA targeting MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene were transduced into Hep-2 cells, and Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in Hep-2 cells. The effect of the invasive capability in Hep-2 cells after MMP-2-RNAi-lentivirus and MMP-9-RNAi-lentivirus transduction was observed by Boyden assay. In vivo experiment, the nude mouse model of laryngeal squamous carcinoma was established and MMP-2-RNAi-lentivirus and MMP-9-RNAi-lentivirus were intratumoral injected. Finally, the tumor inhibitive effect was observed and the Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in xenografts were examined to evaluate proliferation change of the Hep-2 cells. RESULTS: The recombinant lentivirus can transduce the target cells efficiently. RT-PCR showed the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were negative. Boyden assay showed there were (14 +/- 4) Hep-2 cells permeate artificial basement which was less than that (32 +/- 6) in the control group. In vivo, the average tumor weight and volume in treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01) and the tumor inhibitive rate was 46.59%. Immunohistochemistry showed PCNA index in treated group was obviously lower than that in control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The invasion, growth and proliferation of laryngeal cancer can be inhibited by lentivirus mediated MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene silence together.