ABSTRACT
Ascorbate-depleted rainbow trout were fed a single dose of L-1-14C-ascorbic acid, then held in metabolism chambers for four consecutive five-day periods. Tissue samples were analyzed for 14C, ascorbate, and ascorbate-2-sulfate. Brain ascorbate showed a long turnover time following a very slow uptake. The loss of brain ascorbate after five days in metabolism chambers was highly significant (p less than 0.001) when compared with similar dosed fish not chambered. A brain ascorbate pool which does not exchange with the body pool is proposed. Possible mechanisms are discussed and a kinetic model is suggested.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Salmonidae/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/metabolism , Trout/metabolism , Animals , Kinetics , Skin/metabolismSubject(s)
Aged/psychology , Orientation , Reality Therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New York , Nursing Assistants/education , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Nursing HomesSubject(s)
Sulfatases/metabolism , Animals , Ascorbic Acid , Cattle , Kinetics , Liver/enzymology , Substrate Specificity , Sulfatases/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/urine , Haplorhini , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats , Species Specificity , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Liver/enzymology , Alcohol Oxidoreductases/isolation & purification , Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Animals , Goats , Immunodiffusion , Kinetics , Male , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Molecular Weight , Rats , Species Specificity , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Spectrophotometry , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , TrypsinSubject(s)
Ascorbic Acid , Carbon Radioisotopes , Dehydroascorbic Acid , Formates/analysis , Methods , Oxalates/analysis , Oxidation-Reduction , Periodic AcidSubject(s)
Arylsulfatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Ascorbic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Liver/enzymology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Sulfatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Binding Sites , Binding, Competitive , Cattle , Kinetics , Phosphates/pharmacology , Protein BindingSubject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Fishes/metabolism , Scurvy/metabolism , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Cartilage/pathology , Collagen/metabolism , Gills/metabolism , Gills/pathology , Scurvy/drug therapy , Scurvy/pathology , Skin/pathology , Species Specificity , Trout/metabolism , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Man does not catabolize ascorbate to CO2, whereas the monkey does catabolize ascorbate and ascorbate sulfate to CO2 when these compounds are given orally. However, it takes the same length of time to produce frank scurvy in both man and the monkey, thus indicating that the comparative storage, rate of use, and mode of metabolism of ascorbate is similar in both species. Preliminary feeding and isotope studies conducted on monkeys are in agreement with the fact that only a small amount of labeled ascorbate or ascorbate sulfate equilibrated with body stores. These results are in agreement with published ascorbic acid requirements of 10 mg/kg body weight. In our experiments, 250 mg/day had to be fed to a 10-kg monkey to completely clear all signs of scurvy and return blood ascorbate levels to normal. Ascorbic acid administered intravenously to monkeys appears to equilibrate completely with the ascorbate pool(s). Ascorbate sulfate was found to be a urinary metabolite of both ascorbic-1-14C acid and ascorbic-6-14C acid fed orally to monkeys.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Animals , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Diet , Haplorhini , Humans , Macaca mulatta/metabolism , Nutritional Requirements , Scurvy/drug therapy , Scurvy/etiology , Scurvy/metabolism , Species Specificity , Sulfuric Acids/metabolismSubject(s)
Ascorbic Acid , Animals , Arylsulfatases/metabolism , Ascorbic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Ascorbic Acid/chemical synthesis , Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Dehydroascorbic Acid/chemical synthesis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Liver/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfuric Acids/metabolism , X-Ray DiffractionSubject(s)
Muramidase/radiation effects , Radiation Effects , Binding Sites , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Egg White , Guanidines , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Micrococcus , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Solubility , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Tritium , Tryptophan , WaterSubject(s)
Cesium Isotopes , Muramidase/radiation effects , Radiation Effects , Acetamides , Acetates , Alkylation , Amines/analysis , Ammonia/analysis , Chromatography, Gel , Disulfides/chemical synthesis , Egg White , Electrophoresis , Electrophoresis, Disc , Free Radicals , Iodoacetates , Macromolecular Substances , Mercaptoethanol , Molecular Weight , Muramidase/analysis , Oxidation-Reduction , Sodium Chloride , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate , Solubility , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , UreaABSTRACT
Ascorbate-3-sulfate is a significant metabolite of ascorbic acid excreted in human urine. The characteristics of this compound were determined in experiments in which labeling with carbon-14 and tritium was used coupled with cochromatography with synthetic ascorbate-3-sulfate (both labeled and not labeled with sulfur-35) in a variety of solvent and absorbent systems.