Parental attachment and childhood trauma in adolescents engaged in non-suicidal self-injury.

AIM: In this study, it was aimed to compare parental attachment and childhood traumas in adolescents with NSSI with healthy peers. METHODS: Fifty adolescents aged 14-18 years with lifetime NSSI and 56 healthy peers were included in the study. Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) scales were used. RESULTS: Eighty-two percentage of the NSSI group and 70% of the control group were girls. The mean age was 15.6 ± 1.1 years in the NSSI group and 15.3 ± 0.9 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. The NSSI group had more negative scores than the control group in terms of childhood traumas and attachment characteristics to both mother and father. The analyses showed that mother PBI care/control and sexual abuse score had a relationship with both ISAS Autonomic Functions and ISAS Social Functions scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that secure attachment with the mother may be protective for both the autonomic and social functions of the NSSI. Therefore, interventions for dysfunctional parental attachment may prevent the development of NSSI.

Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder co-occurrence increases the risk of Internet addiction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives The aims of this cross-sectional study were to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to detect the moderating effects of co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) on the association between ADHD and IA. Methods The study group comprised 119 adolescent subjects who were consecutively referred to our outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of ADHD. The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was completed by parents, and subjects were asked to complete the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Results The IAS results indicated that 63.9% of the participants (n = 76) fell into the IA group. Degree of IA was correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not with inattention symptoms. As compared to the ADHD-only group (without comorbid ODD/CD), ADHD + ODD/CD subjects returned significantly higher scores on the IAS. Conclusions As adolescents with ADHD are at high risk of developing IA, early IA detection and intervention is of great importance for this group. In addition, adolescents with ADHD + ODD/CD may be more vulnerable to IA than those in the ADHD-only group and may need to be more carefully assessed for IA.

One-Year Follow-Up of Heroin-Dependent Adolescents Treated with Buprenorfine/Naloxone for the First Time in a Substance Treatment Unit.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate 1-year retention in program and buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NAL) treatment, and abstinence of heroin-dependent adolescents. The present study included the follow-up information of 112 heroin dependent adolescents who took BUP/NAL treatment for the first time in a specific inpatient unit. Retention and abstinence were assessed by self-report and urine drug screen at each visit. Mean age was 16.9 years, with 101 (90.2%) male. Program retention was 81.3% at day 30, and 24.1% at 1 year, while retention in BUP/NAL treatment was 69.6% at day 30 and 16.1% at 1 year. Rates of abstinence were 69.0% at day 30 and 10.3% at 1 year. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of inpatient treatment and program retention, treatment retention, abstinence (p < 0.05 for all), and between the dose and treatment retention, abstinence (p < 0.05 for both). Patients with comorbid psychiatric disease were more likely to be retained in treatment for 3 months, and in program for 6 months (p < 0.05, for all). Patients who completed inpatient treatment were more likely to be retained in treatment for 1 year, and in program for 9 months, and to be abstinent for 1 year (p < 0.05, for all). Findings suggested that starting BUP/NAL treatment in an inpatient unit might result in better outcomes compared to literature. Duration of inpatient treatment, the completion of inpatient treatment, BUP/NAL dose, and having a comorbid psychiatric disease seemed to be important factors for heroin-dependent adolescents in retention and abstinence within 1-year period.