Mouse Fibroblast L929 Cell Line as a Useful Tool for Replication and Adaptation of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly contagious disease associated with immunosuppression in young chickens. Production of either egg-based or primary cell-based high-quality vaccines requires time-consuming and costly procedures. To determine a suitable cell line for IBDV replication, L929 cell line was a candidate for the growth kinetics processing of the virus. The L929 cells were proliferated in monolayer, and doubling time was calculated. Replication kinetics an IBDV isolate at the multiplicity of infection 0.1 PFU/cell were determined using virus titration. To adapt IBDV on L929 cells, seven consecutive passages were performed. Virus titer and levels of apoptosis were quantitatively analyzed at each passage. The viral VP2 gene was amplified and sequenced in three passages. An average doubling time of 21 h was estimated for monolayers of L929 cells. Although during early passages, virus growth did not produce a clear cytopathic effect (CPE), an increase in IBDV titers was observed. Serial passages led to the evidence of marked CPEs and an increase in the virus titer in the third passage. During the fourth to seventh passages, consistent CPEs characterized by the formation of granulated and round cells were evident within 24 to 48 hours post-inoculation. The titer of the virus was increased in the third passage onwards to peak in the fourth and constant at 5.9 TCID50 until the end passage. The IBDV replication in connection with DNA fragmentation and FITC, revealed the characteristic picture of apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. We found that the IBDV could easily be adapted to L929 cells, increasing virus yields by about two orders of magnitude. These results indicated that the cell line may be useful in the production of efficient virus particles.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy Improves Refractory Perianal Fistula in Crohn's Disease: Case Series Clinical Interventional Study.

Objective: Perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) are the main challenges in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Some of the fistulas are refractory to any therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a novel promising modality for the treatment of fistulizing CD. Materials and Methods: This case series clinical interventional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 at Shariati Hospital, an IBD referral center in Tehran, Iran. Refractory adult patients with CD who had draining perianal fistulas were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined by a colorectal surgeon and the fistula imaging studies were performed by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After autologous bone marrow (BM) aspiration and MSCs isolation, the cells were cultured and passaged under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) conditions. Four intra-fistula injections of cells, each containing 40×106 MSCs suspended in fibrin glue, were administered by an expert surgeon every 4 weeks. Procedure safety, feasibility and closure of the perianal fistulas at week 24 were assessed. Clinical examination and MRI findings were considered as the primary end points. Results: In total, 5 patients (2 males and 3 females) were enrolled in this study. No adverse events were observed during the six-month follow-up in these patients. Both the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI) scores decreased in all patients after cell injections and one patient achieved complete remission with closure of fistulas, discontinuation of fistula discharge, and closure of the external opening. Conclusion: Local injection of MSCs combined with fibrin glue is potentially a safe and effective therapeutic approach for complex perianal fistulas in patients with CD.

Molecular modelling of the antiviral action of Resveratrol derivatives against the activity of two novel SARS CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV receptors.

The pandemic threat of COVID-19 causes serious concern for people and world organizations. The effect of Coronavirus disease on the lifestyle and economic status of humans is undeniable, and all of the researchers (biologists, pharmacists, physicians, and chemists) can help decrease its destructive effects. The molecular docking approach can provide a fast prediction of the positive influence the targets on the COVID-19 outbreak. In this work, we choose resveratrol (RV) derivatives (22 cases) and two newly released coordinate structures for COVID-19 as receptors [Papain-like Protease of SARS CoV-2 (PBD ID: 6W9C) and 2019-nCoV RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (PBD ID: 6M71)]. The results show that conformational isomerism is significant and useful parameter for docking results. A wide spectrum of interactions such as Van der Waals, conventional hydrogen bond, Pi-donor hydrogen bond, Pi-Cation, Pi-sigma, Pi-Pi stacked, Amide-Pi stacked and Pi-Alkyl is detected via docking of RV derivatives and COVID-19 receptors. The potential inhibition effect of RV-13 (-184.99 kj/mol), and RV-12 (-173.76 kj/mol) is achieved at maximum value for 6W9C and 6M71, respectively.

Molecular Dynamics Insights into the Nanoscale Structural Organization and Local Interaction of Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Nitrate.

Considering the growing number of applications of the aqueous ionic liquids (ILs), atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to probe the effect of water molar fraction, xw, ranging from 0.00 to 0.90, on the nanoscale local structure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, [bmim][NO3], IL. The results prove that, with water addition, the cation-anion, cation-cation, and anion-anion structural correlations are weakened, while strong anion-water and unconventional cation-water hydrogen bonds are formed in the solutions. Water molecules were detected as bridges between nitrate anions, and the water cluster size distribution at different xw's was investigated. Simulation shows a similar pattern of probability densities for water and anion around the acidic hydrogen atoms of the reference cation ring, while both species move away from the cation butyl chain. Increasing the water concentration to xw = 0.90 causes decreasing of the local arrangement of the nearest-neighboring cations, because of the weakening of cation-cation π-π stacking. In addition, this dilution reduces the probability of the in-plane cation-anion conformation, disrupts both the polar ionic network and nonpolar domains, and diminishes the nanoaggregation of the cation butyl chains compared to those of the neat IL. These results can rationalize the origins of the fluidity enhancements and transport property trends upon adding water to the imidazolium-based ILs. The current study proposes a deep atomistic-level insight into the complex coupling between water concentration, microscopic structure, and local interactions of aqueous imidazolium-based ILs with hydrophilic anions.

A novel mixed sustainability-resilience framework for evaluating hospital information systems.

Information systems (ISs) are one of the most widely used systems in different organizations especially hospitals. Improving the performance of a hospital information system (HIS) is one of the most important tasks for patient satisfaction and health. To do this, a mixed sustainability-resilience framework for evaluating HISs is proposed in this study in order to enhance their performance from a mixed sustainability-resilience view. First, a comprehensive framework including suitable sustainable and resilience indicators for performance enhancement of HISs is provided. Then, the importance weight of each indicator is achieved by using the best-worst method (BWM). Required data is obtained through a standard questionnaire. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to evaluate HIS performance in different departments of a real case study. Additionally, improvement actions are obtained by considering the effect of each selected indicator on the HIS performance through a sensitivity analysis. Also, appropriate strategies for improving the resilience and sustainability aspects of the HIS are presented using strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) matrix. Using the results, designers can build more intelligent HISs from both sustainability and resilience perspectives.

Trends in outpatient cataract surgery in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2006-2010.

This study aimed to determine the trends in outpatient cataract surgery and its determinants in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2006 and 2010. In this cross-sectional study, 106 cataract surgery centres were selected in all provinces by multistage randomized cluster sampling. The number of centres in each province was determined from the number of cataract operations and the number of patient charts examined in each centre was proportionate to the number of cataract operations in that centre. The prevalence of outpatient surgery increased from 46.0% (95% CI, 35.3-56.8) in 2006 to 51.4% (95% CI, 40.2-62.7) in 2010 (P = 0.549). Patients stayed in hospital for more than one night after 10.5% (95% CI, 6.9-14.1) of operations. Use of phacoemulsification and topical anaesthesia increased the prevalence of outpatient surgery and decreased intraoperative complications. Although outpatient cataract surgery increased by 11.7%, use of methods such as phacoemulsification is not widespread, and more attention should be paid to the barriers to outpatient cataract surgery in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Trends in outpatient cataract surgery in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2006–2010

This study aimed to determine the trends in outpatient cataract surgery and its determinants in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2006 and 2010. In this cross-sectional study, 106 cataract surgery centres were selected in all provinces by multistage randomized cluster sampling. The number of centres in each province was determined from the number of cataract operations and the number of patient charts examined in each centre was proportionate to the number of cataract operations in that centre. The prevalence of outpatient surgery increased from 46.0% [95% CI, 35.3-56.8] in 2006 to 51.4% [95% CI, 40.2-62.7] in 2010 [P = 0.549]. Patients stayed in hospital for more than one night after 10.5% [95% CI, 6.9-14.1] of operations. Use of phacoemulsification and topical anaesthesia increased the prevalence of outpatient surgery and decreased intraoperative complications. Although outpatient cataract surgery increased by 11.7%, use of methods such as phacoemulsification is not widespread, and more attention should be paid to the barriers to outpatient cataract surgery in the Islamic Republic of Iran

La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer les tendances de la chirurgie de la cataracte en ambulatoire et ses déterminants en République islamique d'Iran entre 2006 et 2010. Dans cette étude transversale, 106 centres de chirurgie de la cataracte ont été sélectionnés dans toutes les provinces par échantillonnage aléatoire en grappes à plusieurs degrés. Le nombre de centres dans chaque province a été déterminé sur la base du nombre d'opérations de la cataracte et le nombre de dossiers de patients examinés dans chaque centre était proportionnel au nombre de chirurgies de la cataracte pratiquées dans ce centre. La prévalence des chirurgies de la cataracte est passée de 46% [IC à 95%, 35,3-56,8] en 2006 à 51,4% [IC à 95%, 40-62,7] en 2010 [p = 0,549]. Les patients sont restés plus d'une nuit à l'hôpital après 10,5% [IC à 95%, 6,9-14,1] des opérations. Le recours à la phaco-émulsification et l'anesthésie topique faisait augmenter la prévalence de la chirurgie ambulatoire et réduisait les complications intra-opératoires. Bien que la chirurgie de la cataracte en ambulatoire ait augmenté de 11,7%, l'utilisation de méthodes telles que la phaco-émusification n'est pas répandue, et davantage d'attention devrait être apportée aux obstacles qui s'opposent à la chirurgie de la cataracte en ambulatoire en République islamique d'Iran

The impact of p16 and HER2 expression on survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of p16 and HER2 expression on survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma.This descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study, was conducted on 47 paraffin blocks of epithelial ovarian tumors. Suitable slides were prepared to evaluate HER2 and p16 by immunohistochemistry using HercepTest kit (DAKO) and p16INK4A kit (DAKO, code 5334). Clinical information and pathology data were extracted from patients' medical and pathology records. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS (version 16) software. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, log rank test and Kaplan-Meier method were used. The mean age of the patients was 51.6 years (range 19-71 years). The most common histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer was serous adenocarcinoma (68.1%). P16 expression was detected in 34% of epithelial ovarian tumors. P16 expression was significantly associated with stage of disease (P = 0.04) and overall survival (P = 0.001), but HER2 expression was not associated with overall survival, stage of disease and tumor histological type.Expression of p16 may be used as a prognostic factor of overall survival and stage of disease, while HER2 expression may not be used as a prognostic factor of overall survival.

Kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis.

In this report we summarize 5 cases of kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. All had fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and disseminated skin lesions on admission. Maculopapular, pustular, and maculonodular eruptions were present, located mainly on the face and extremities. Innumerable amastigotes were demonstrated in the bone marrow and in the skin biopsies. All patients responded to Glucantime therapy.