[The Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030: Identifying actions for safer primary health care]. / El Plan de acción mundial para la seguridad del paciente 2021-2030: identificando acciones para una atención primaria más segura.

The 74th World Health Assembly adopted in May 2021 the "Global Patient Safety Action Plan: 2021-2030" to enhance patient safety as an essential component in the design, procedures and performance evaluation of health systems worldwide. It is a strategic plan that guides country governments, health sector entities, health organisations and the World Health Organisation secretariat on how to implement the assembly's patient safety resolution. Deployment of the plan will strengthen the quality and safety of health systems worldwide by spanning the entire continuum of people's health care from diagnosis to treatment and care, reducing the likelihood of harm in the course of care. The Declaration on Primary Health Care during the Global Conference on Primary Health Care in Astana, 2018, urged countries to strengthen their primary health care systems as an essential step towards achieving universal health coverage and providing access to safe, quality care without financial loss. The deployment of the Global Patient Safety Action Plan in primary care is therefore a high-priority health policy action. The Action Plan is structured into 6 strategic objectives with 35 strategic actions. We present an analysis of the strategic actions regarding healthcare organizations and the challenges ahead for their particular deployment in primary health care settings.

[Prevention of infections related to health care in primary care. Lessons from the pandemic]. / Prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en atención primaria. Lecciones de la pandemia.

The health system failed to guarantee the safety of both professionals and citizens who came to the centers at the beginning of the pandemic. The lack of materials and guidelines for the prevention of infections caused in Spain the worst catastrophe in the history of patient safety and occupational health in healthcare. It also happened in other countries but Spain had the highest rates of infected health workers in the world. It was a largely avoidable event. We review what measures have been taken to prevent infections in primary care centers, such as hand hygiene, masks and personal protection material or the maintenance of social distance, among others. We update the recommendations and raise the perspectives in a situation that requires flexibility and adaptability to maintain quality and safe care.

[A safe use of medications in Primary Care, in COVID-19 pandemic as well]. / Uso seguro de los medicamentos en Atención Primaria, también en época de pandemia de la COVID-19.

The third Global Patient Safety Challenge, Medication Without Harm, was launched in 2017 by the World Health Organization with the goal of reducing the already well-known severe preventable medication-related harm by 50% over the next 5 years. Nothing suggested that, two years later, the world would suffer a terrible pandemic, which has been a much greater challenge than the aforementioned one and that would put it to test from the first stages of the medication use process. The rapid pace imposed by the pandemic has created new risks in the use of medication in those affected by COVID-19 and in the population due to organizational changes in the provision of health care in health services. Therefore, prudent prescribing is becoming more important than ever in health systems. This article aims to analyze the main risks produced during the pandemic period and offer Primary Care professionals an update and a reminder of the main aspects related to the safety use of medications.

[Health worker safety as an essential condition for patient safety]. / La seguridad de los profesionales como condición indispensable para la seguridad de los pacientes.

The greatest asset of any health system is its professionals, and they must be cared for in order to take care. It is necessary to emphasize that they are key for the resilience of our health systems. This is particularly important in crisis times and especially important for primary health care.During the COVID-19 pandemic, working conditions have been the main common latent factor for patient safety incidents. Primary Care professionals have worked in unsafe working conditions, with lack of means of protection, great uncertainty, lack of scientific knowledge and rapidly changing work protocols for dealing with cases and contacts of COVID-19 infection, with a high care pressure, long working hours, suspension of vacations, and even changes in their jobs. All of this has contributed to their becoming, not only the first victims of the pandemic, but also the second victims of the adverse events that occurred during it.Therefore, in this article we analyze the main risks and damages suffered by professionals in Primary Care and provide keys to contribute to their protection in future similar situations.

El impacto que tienen los eventos adversos sobre los profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria y sus instituciones / The impact of adverse events on health primary care professionals and institutions

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Prioridades en seguridad del paciente en Atención Primaria / Setting priorities for patient safety in Primary Care

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Are Spanish primary care professionals aware of patient safety?

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about safety culture improves patient safety (PS) in health-care organizations. The first contact a patient has with health care occurs at the primary level. We conducted a survey to measure patient safety culture (PSC) among primary care professionals (PCPs) of health centres (HCs) in Spain and analyzed PS dimensions that influence PSC. METHODS: We used Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture translated and validated into Spanish to conduct a cross-sectional anonymous postal survey. We randomly selected a sample of 8378 PCPs at 289 HCs operated by 17 Regional Health Services. Statistical analysis was performed on sociodemographic variables, survey items, PS dimensions and a patient safety synthetic index (PSSI), calculated as average score of the items per dimension, to identify potential predictors of PSC. We used AHRQ data to conduct international comparison. RESULTS: A total of 4344 PCPs completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 55.69%. Forty-two percent were general practitioners, 34.9% nurses, 18% administrative staff and 4.9% other professionals. The highest scoring dimension was 'PS and quality issues' 4.18 (4.1-4.20) 'Work pressure and pace' was the lowest scored dimension with 2.76 (2.74-2.79). Professionals over 55 years, with managerial responsibilities, women, nurses and administrative staff, had better PSSI scores. Professionals with more than 1500 patients and working for more than 11 years at primary care had lower PSSI scores. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first national study to measure PSC in primary care in Spain. Results may reflect on-going efforts to build a strong PSC. Further research into its association with safety outcomes and patients' perceptions is required.

La cultura de la seguridad del paciente en Atención Primaria / Patient safety culture in Primary Health Care

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Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de atención primaria en España / Validation of a questionnaire to assess patient safety culture in Spanish Primary Health Care professionals

Objetivo: Validar un instrumento para medir la cultura de seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de atención primaria (AP) en España. Métodos: Cuestionario Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) elaborado por la Agency for Healthcare and Research in Quality (AHRQ). El proceso se realizó en 5 etapas: traducción de la versión original, evaluación de la equivalencia conceptual, valoración de la aceptabilidad y viabilidad, análisis de la validez del contenido y pilotaje del cuestionario adaptado y análisis de la respuesta y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Participantes: Se solicitó la colaboración de profesionales de AP de distintos servicios de salud siendo la muestra final de 185 profesionales. Mediciones principales: Frecuencia, patrón de respuesta y poder de discriminación de cada pregunta. alfa de Cronbach y dimensiones obtenidas mediante análisis factorial. Resultados: El 17,8% de los participantes contestaron todas las preguntas y el 28,7% dejaron sin responder o marcaron la opción «no lo sé/no procede» entre 1 y 4 preguntas. Todas las sentencias, con una única excepción, tienen capacidad de discriminación. El alfa de Cronbach es de 0,96 y la información se resume en 15 dimensiones con una adscripción de variables idéntica en 7 de las 12 dimensiones del cuestionario original. Conclusiones: El cuestionario de la AHRQ traducido, adaptado, ampliado y validado es, para nuestro medio, un instrumento fiable y útil y debe emplearse para realizar comparaciones internacionales(AU)

Objetive: To validate a tool to measure patient safety culture in Spanish primary care professionals. Methods: Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC), from the Agency for Healthcare and Research in Quality (AHRQ). The process has been performed in five steps: original version traslation, conceptual equivalence evaluation, acceptability and viability assessment, content validity and questionnaire test and response analysis and psichometric properties assessment. Setting: Primary care. Subjects: 185 Primary care professionals from different Spanish regions represented the sample test. Main outcome measures: Frecuency, response pattern and discrimination power of each item. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and dimensions obtained through factor analysis. Results: 17, 8% of respondents answered all the items and 28, 7% of them did not answer, or answered the option “Don’t know/Does not apply”, to one to four items. All the sentences, with only one exception, present discrimination capacity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient results 0,96 and information is sumarized in 15 factors obtaining the same items in 7 of the total 12 factors in the original questionnaire. Conclusions: Traslated, adapted, extended and validated AHRQ questionnaire is, in this setting, a reliable and useful instrument and it must be used for international comparisons(AU)

[Validation of a questionnaire to assess patient safety culture in Spanish Primary Health Care professionals]. / Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de atención primaria en España.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To validate a tool to measure patient safety culture in Spanish primary care professionals. METHODS: Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC), from the Agency for Healthcare and Research in Quality (AHRQ). The process has been performed in five steps: original version traslation, conceptual equivalence evaluation, acceptability and viability assessment, content validity and questionnaire test and response analysis and psichometric properties assessment. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: 185 Primary care professionals from different Spanish regions represented the sample test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frecuency, response pattern and discrimination power of each item. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and dimensions obtained through factor analysis. RESULTS: 17, 8% of respondents answered all the items and 28, 7% of them did not answer, or answered the option "Don't know/Does not apply", to one to four items. All the sentences, with only one exception, present discrimination capacity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient results 0,96 and information is sumarized in 15 factors obtaining the same items in 7 of the total 12 factors in the original questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Traslated, adapted, extended and validated AHRQ questionnaire is, in this setting, a reliable and useful instrument and it must be used for international comparisons.