ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the impact of daily mango consumption (Mangifera indica) on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in individuals with overweight and obesity. Changes in cardiometabolic variables, gut microbiota diversity and composition, physical activity habits, and dietary intakes were assessed in 8 males and 19 females with overweight and obesity who consumed 280 g/day of mango pulp for 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in body weight, waist circumference, or plasma lipid levels. However, after consuming mangos for 8 weeks, participants showed a 3.5% reduction in systolic blood pressure (-4 ± 6 mm Hg, p = 0.011) as well as a 10.5% reduction in 2-hour plasma glucose concentration after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (-0.58 ± 1.03 mmol/L, p = 0.008). These beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes were accompanied with enhanced gut microbiota diversity and with changes in the abundance of specific gut bacterial species. Mango consumption may have beneficial effects on both blood pressure and glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight and obesity. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of long-term and regular mango intake on cardiometabolic risk factors of individuals with overweight and obesity, and the potential mechanisms linking gut microbial changes to those health benefits. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03825276. Novelty: A 3.5% reduction in systolic blood pressure is noted after consuming mangos for 8 weeks. A 10.5% reduction in 2-hour plasma glucose concentration of an oral glucose tolerance test is observed after consuming mangos for 8 weeks. Mango consumption for 8 weeks may enhance gut microbial diversity and abundance of specific bacterial species.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Mangifera , Bacteria , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Female , Glucose , Humans , Male , Obesity , OverweightABSTRACT
La restricción nutricional precoz ha sido asociada con una mayor incidencia de patologías relacionadas con el síndrome metabólico durante la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los mecanismos subyacentes que determinan el desarrollo de dichas patologías aún no se conocen en su totalidad. En el presente trabajo, se analizó el papel del péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa (GIP) en el desarrollo dichas patologías en un modelo de rata Wistar. Las ratas gestantes fueron alimentadas ad libitum (C) o sometidas a restricción nutricional (S) durante el embarazo y la lactancia, al final de la cual las crías fueron realimentadas con dieta grasa (CR, SR) durante 22 semanas. Tanto los machos como las hembras SR mostraron un fenotipo obesogénico caracterizado por hiperfagia, acumulación de grasa visceral e hipertrofia adipocitaria, de manera más pronunciada que la población CR. Los test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa mostraron que las hembras SR experimentaron intolerancia a la glucosa e hipersecreción de insulina y GIP. La administración del antagonista del receptor de GIP, (Pro3)GIP, a las hembras SR dio lugar a una significativa reducción del tejido adiposo y del tamaño adipocitario, junto a una mejora de la tolerancia a la glucosa y de la sensibilidad a la insulina. En conclusión, la exacerbada secreción de GIP parece representar el estímulo para la hipersecreción de insulina y el desarrollo de resistencia a la misma en las hembras SR, lo que sugiere que GIP jugaría un papel esencial en el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la rehabilitación nutricional
Early nutritional restriction has been associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome-associated pathologies in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine the development of these diseases are not yet fully known. In the present work, we explored the relevance of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the development of these pathologies in a model of Wistar rats. Two groups of dams were fed ad libitum (C) or food-restricted (U) during pregnancy and suckling. At that time, rats were refed a high-fat diet (HFD; CHF and UHF) for 22 weeks. Both male and female UHF rats showed an obese phenotype characterized by hyperphagia, visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy, which was more pronounced than in CHF rats. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed that female UHF rats experienced glucose intolerance, insulin hypersecretion and an exacerbated GIP secretion. Administration of the GIP receptor antagonist, (Pro3)GIP, to UHF female rats markedly reduced visceral fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy, and these changes were accompanied by improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the exacerbated production and secretion of GIP seems to represent the stimulus for insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance shown by UHF female rats, suggesting that GIP may play a critical role in the development of metabolic disturbances related to nutritional rehabilitation