Blood eosinophils levels in a Colombian cohort of biomass-and tobacco-related COPD patients.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of illness and death among adults. In 2019, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy incorporated blood eosinophils as a biomarker to identify patients at increased risk of exacerbations which, with the history of exacerbations during the previous year, allows identification of patients who would benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment to reduce the risk of future exacerbations. The aim of this study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics, eosinophil counts, and exacerbations in a cohort of COPD patients stratified by clinical phenotypes (non-exacerbator, frequent exacerbator, asthma-COPD overlap) in a Colombian cohort at 2600 meters above sea level. Methods: A descriptive analysis of a historical cohort of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD (FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and at least one risk factor for COPD) from two specialized centers with comprehensive disease management programs was performed from January 2015 to March 2019. Data were extracted from medical records 1 year before and after the index date. Results: 200 patients were included (GOLD B: 156, GOLD E: 44; 2023 GOLD classification); mean age was 77.9 (SD 7.9) years; 48% were women, and 52% had biomass exposure as a COPD risk factor. The mean FEV1/FVC was 53.4% (SD 9.8), with an FEV1 of 52.7% (20.7). No differences were observed between clinical phenotypes in terms of airflow limitation. The geometric mean of absolute blood eosinophils was 197.58 (SD 2.09) cells/µL (range 0 to 3,020). Mean blood eosinophil count was higher in patients with smoking history and frequent exacerbators. At least one moderate and one severe exacerbation occurred in the previous year in 44 and 8% of patients, respectively; during the follow-up year 152 exacerbations were registered, 122 (80%) moderate and 30 (20%) severe. The highest rate of exacerbations in the follow-up year occurred in the subgroup of patients with the frequent exacerbator phenotype and eosinophils ≥300 cells/µL. Discussion: In this cohort, the frequency of biomass exposure as a risk factor is considerable. High blood eosinophil count was related to smoking, and to the frequent exacerbator phenotype.

Modulation of the electrostatic potential around α-lactalbumin using oligoelectrolyte chains, pH and salt concentration.

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive computational investigation of the interaction between α-lactalbumin, a small globular protein, and strong anionic oligoelectrolyte chains with a polymerization degree from 2 to 9. Both the protein and oligoelectrolyte chains are represented using coarse-grained models, and their properties were calculated by the Monte Carlo method under constant pH conditions. We were able to estimate the effects of this interaction on the electrostatic potential around the protein. At acidic pH, the protein had a net positive charge; therefore, the electrostatic potential around it was also positive. To neutralize or reverse this electrostatic potential, oligoelectrolyte chains with a minimum size of six monomers were necessary. Simultaneously, low salt concentrations were required as elevated salt levels led to a significant attenuation of the electrostatic interactions and the corresponding electrostatic potential.

The electrostatic potential inside and around α-lactalbumin: Fluctuations and mean-field models.

The electrostatic potential (EP) generated by the protein α-lactoalbumin in the presence of added salt is computed as a thermal average at a given point in space. With this aim, constant pH Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed within the primitive model, namely, the solvent is treated as a continuum dielectric. The study of the thermal and spatial fluctuations of the EP reveals that they are remarkably high inside the protein. The calculations indicate that fluctuations inside the protein are mainly due to the asymmetric distribution of the charge groups, while the charge fluctuations of the titratable groups play a minor role. The computed EP matches very well with the one obtained from the Poisson equation for the average charge density in spherical symmetry. The Tanford-Kirkwood multipole expansion reproduces the simulated angular-averaged potential rather accurately. Surprisingly, two of the simplest mean-field models, the linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation and Donnan potential, provide good estimations of the average EP in the effective protein surface (surface EP). The linear PB equation predicts a linear relationship between charge and surface EP, which is numerically reproduced only if the small ions within the protein are taken into account. On the other hand, the partition coefficients of the small ions inside and outside the protein predicted by Donnan theory reproduce reasonably well the simulation results.

[Neurological manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19: case report]. / Manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19: reporte de casos.

The COVID-19 pandemic currently affects millions of people including the pediatric population. The clinical manifestations in children are diverse: respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, neurological and systemic. In order to describe the various clinical and neurological manifestations during the evolution of the disease, we documented a series of cases of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Various mechanisms are proposed through which SARS-CoV-2 would cause neurological injury (direct injury, secondary to an immune response, among others) with variable clinical characteristics (seizures, muscle weakness, sensorial disorder). Studies on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 are limited, therefore, this report provides a spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric population.

La pandemia por la COVID-19 afecta actualmente a millones de personas sin exceptuar la población pediátrica. Las manifestaciones clínicas en niños son variables: respiratorias, gastrointestinales, hematológicas, neurológicas y sistémicas. Con el objetivo de describir las diversas presentaciones clínicas y neurológicas durante la evolución de la enfermedad se documentó una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19. Se plantean diversos mecanismos a través de los cuales el SARS-CoV-2 causaría daño neurológico (daño directo, secundario a respuesta inmune, entre otras) con características clínicas variables (convulsiones, debilidad muscular, trastorno del sensorio). Los estudios sobre características clínicas y factores pronósticos en niños y adolescentes con SARS-CoV-2 son limitados, por lo cual el presente reporte contribuye con un espectro de manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 en población pediátrica.

Effects of neural mobilization in patients after lumbar microdiscectomy due to intervertebral disc lesion.

BACKGROUND: Neural mobilization (NM) techniques have been shown to improve the neural tissue's viscoelastic properties that may lead to recover of the function of the nerve after lumbar spine surgery. This study aimed to determine the effects of NM in addition to standard rehabilitation on lumbar and sciatic pain intensity, disability level, and quality of life in patients after receiving a microdiscectomy of the intervertebral lumbar disc (IVD). METHODS: Twenty-four participants (age 41.3 ± 8.3 years old) within 3-4 weeks of a microdiscectomy of an IVD were randomly allocated to control (CTRL; n = 12) or NM group (n = 12). The CTRL group received ten standard rehabilitation sessions. The NM group received the same rehabilitation sessions with the addition of NM techniques. The intensity of lumbar and sciatic pain (visual analogue scale), disability level (Oswestry disability index), and health-related quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Within-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in lumbar (p < 0.05) and sciatic pain intensity (p < 0.001), disability level (p < 0.001), and improvement in the physical function and problems, vitality, emotional well-being, and pain SF-36 items (p < 0.05) in both groups. There were no statistical differences between groups in all outcomes. CONCLUSION: A standard rehabilitation protocol alone or in combination with NM techniques are equally effective in reducing pain and disability level, as well as improving quality of life in patients after a microdiscectomy due to intervertebral lumbar disc lesion.

Manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19: reporte de casos / Neurological manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19: case report

La pandemia por la COVID-19 afecta actualmente a millones de personas sin exceptuar la población pediátrica. Las manifestaciones clínicas en niños son variables: respiratorias, gastrointestinales, hematológicas, neurológicas y sistémicas. Con el objetivo de describir las diversas presentaciones clínicas y neurológicas durante la evolución de la enfermedad se documentó una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19. Se plantean diversos mecanismos a través de los cuales el SARS-CoV-2 causaría daño neurológico (daño directo, secundario a respuesta inmune, entre otras) con características clínicas variables (convulsiones, debilidad muscular, trastorno del sensorio). Los estudios sobre características clínicas y factores pronósticos en niños y adolescentes con SARS-CoV-2 son limitados, por lo cual el presente reporte contribuye con un espectro de manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 en población pediátrica.

The COVID-19 pandemic currently affects millions of people including the pediatric population. The clinical manifestations in children are diverse: respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, neurological and systemic. In order to describe the various clinical and neurological manifestations during the evolution of the disease, we documented a series of cases of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Various mechanisms are proposed through which SARS-CoV-2 would cause neurological injury (direct injury, secondary to an immune response, among others) with variable clinical characteristics (seizures, muscle weakness, sensorial disorder). Studies on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 are limited, therefore, this report provides a spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric population.

Factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños en edad preescolar: diferencias entre niños con y sin disfonía / Aggravating factors of dysphonia in preschool children: differences between children with and without dysphonia

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar si existen diferencias en factores favorecedores de disfonía, en un grupo de niños preescolares con voz saludable y otro con disfonía. Método En esta investigación se evalúo a un total de 96 niños entre los 2 y 5 años, de los cuales 17 presentaban disfonía y 79, voz saludable. Se comparó la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía entre ambos grupos, mediante un cuestionario dirigido a sus padres o cuidadores creado y validado especialmente para esta investigación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de muestras independientes para extraer el valor de p. Resultados Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en los valores del cuestionario (p=0,000) entre ambos grupos. El 91,6% de las preguntas se comportaron diferentes entre los grupos con y sin disfonía. Conclusión En esta investigación se encontraron diferencias entre la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños preescolares con y sin disfonía. Los factores que tienen más diferencias tienen relación con causas físicas, ambientales y psicológicas.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine if there are differences in factors favoring dysphonia in a group of preschool children with healthy voice and another with dysphonia. Method In this research a total of 96 children between 2 and 5 years old were evaluated, of which 17 had dysphonia and 79 had a healthy voice. The presence of factors favoring dysphonia was compared between both groups, by means of a questionnaire addressed to their parents or caregivers created and validated especially for this research. Statistical analysis was performed by independent samples analysis to extract the p value. Results The results show a significant difference in the values of the questionnaire (p=0.000) between the two groups. The 91.6% of the questions behaved differently between the groups with and without dysphonia. Conclusion In this research, differences were found between the presence of factors favoring dysphonia in preschool children with and without dysphonia. The factors that have more differences are related to physical, environmental and psychological causes.

[Aggravating factors of dysphonia in preschool children: differences between children with and without dysphonia]. / Factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños en edad preescolar: diferencias entre niños con y sin disfonía.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are differences in factors favoring dysphonia in a group of preschool children with healthy voice and another with dysphonia. METHOD: In this research a total of 96 children between 2 and 5 years old were evaluated, of which 17 had dysphonia and 79 had a healthy voice. The presence of factors favoring dysphonia was compared between both groups, by means of a questionnaire addressed to their parents or caregivers created and validated especially for this research. Statistical analysis was performed by independent samples analysis to extract the p value. RESULTS: The results show a significant difference in the values of the questionnaire (p=0.000) between the two groups. The 91.6% of the questions behaved differently between the groups with and without dysphonia. CONCLUSION: In this research, differences were found between the presence of factors favoring dysphonia in preschool children with and without dysphonia. The factors that have more differences are related to physical, environmental and psychological causes.

OBJETIVO: Determinar si existen diferencias en factores favorecedores de disfonía, en un grupo de niños preescolares con voz saludable y otro con disfonía. MÉTODO: En esta investigación se evalúo a un total de 96 niños entre los 2 y 5 años, de los cuales 17 presentaban disfonía y 79, voz saludable. Se comparó la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía entre ambos grupos, mediante un cuestionario dirigido a sus padres o cuidadores creado y validado especialmente para esta investigación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de muestras independientes para extraer el valor de p. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en los valores del cuestionario (p=0,000) entre ambos grupos. El 91,6% de las preguntas se comportaron diferentes entre los grupos con y sin disfonía. CONCLUSIÓN: En esta investigación se encontraron diferencias entre la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños preescolares con y sin disfonía. Los factores que tienen más diferencias tienen relación con causas físicas, ambientales y psicológicas.

Interaction between ß-Lactoglobuline and Weak Polyelectrolyte Chains: A Study Using Monte Carlo Simulation.

Complexation between the ß-lactoglobulin and a weak acid polyelectrolyte (PE) has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Different coarse-grained models were used to represent the system, and two different acidic constants were used on the PE model. The protein-PE interaction is quantified considering the average PE monomers adsorbed on the protein as a function of pH. A maximum in the interaction between macromolecules was found, which is explained as a function of the titration behavior of the ß-lactoglobuline and weak PE. We also found that there was a direct relation between the pH range of monomers adsorbed and the change on dissociation profile of the protein and weak PE compared to isolated conditions. The complexation of protein-PE increased both the dissociation degree of the PE chain and the protein net charge. This benefits the monomer adsorption on the protein surface.

Micrometástasis ganglionares en pacientes con cáncer ginecológico. Serie de casos y revisión de la bibliografía / Nodal micrometastasis in gynecological cancer patients. Case series and literature review

Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar micrometástasis ganglionares en neoplasias malignas ginecológicas, y las características histopatológicas y clínicas asociadas con los hallazgos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo efectuado en pacientes con uno o más ganglios con micrometástasis identificados en cirugías primarias etapificadoras por cáncer de endometrio, ovario o cervicouterino, linfadenectomía sistemática o ganglio centinela, atendidas en el Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, de enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2018. Criterios de exclusión: ausencia micrometástasis ganglionares. Criterios de eliminación: información incompleta en el expediente clínico, sin seguimiento y falta de evidencia patológica de micrometástasis ganglionar. Variables de estudio: identificación de ganglios con micrometástasis, diagnóstico de cáncer ginecológico por tratamiento quirúrgico y tasa de supervivencia. Para la revisión bibliográfica se consultó la base de datos de PubMed, con MeSH o palabras clave: "micrometástasis ganglionares" y "cáncer de ovario"; "cáncer de endometrio", "cáncer cervicouterino" y "cáncer ginecológico con micrometástasis". RESULTADOS: Se registraron 11 casos de micrometástasis ganglionares, de un total de 433 con cáncer de ovario, endometrio o cervicouterino. No se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas por lo limitado de la muestra. En todos los casos se identificó, mínimo, un ganglio con micrometástasis, con ganglio centinela o linfadenectomía sistemática. Todas las pacientes recibieron tratamiento coadyuvante. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante efectuar la identificación de micrometástasis en linfadenectomías sistemáticas mediante la tinción con hematoxilina-eosina (es la metodología más accesible y económica para el sistema público de salud de México) o búsqueda de ganglio centinela, con la finalidad de determinar la frecuencia en población mexicana y establecer la etapa patológica real de la enfermedad.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify lymph node micrometastases in malignant gynecological neoplasms and their histopathological and clinical characteristics associated with the findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study performed in patients with one or more lymph nodes with micrometastases in primary stage surgery for endometrial, ovarian or cervical cancer, systematic lymphadenectomy or sentinel node, attended at the Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, from January 2014 to December 2018. Exclusion criteria: no ganglion micrometastases. Elimination criteria: incomplete information in the clinical file, without follow-up and lack of pathological evidence of lymph node micrometastasis. The variables to be considered were: identification of lymph nodes with micrometastases, diagnosis of gynecological cancer by surgical treatment and survival rate. For the literature review, the PubMed database was consulted, with key words such as "ganglionic micrometastases" and "ovarian cancer", "endometrial cancer", "cervical cancer" and "gynecological cancer with micrometastasis". RESULTS: There were 11 cases of lymph node micrometastases, of a total of 433 with ovarian, endometrial or cervical cancer. No statistical tests were applied because of the limited sample. In all cases, a lymph node with micrometastasis, with a sentinel lymph node or systematic lymphadenectomy was identified. All patients received coadjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to identify micrometastases in systematic lymphadenectomy by staining with haematoxylin-eosin (the most accessible and economical methodology for the public health system in Mexico) or sentinel lymph node search, in order to determine the frequency in the Mexican population and establish the actual pathological stage of the disease.

Estilos de crianza como predictores del comportamiento tabáquico adolescente / Parenting Styles of Father and Mother as Predictors of Adolescents' Smoking Behavior / Estilos de criação como preditores do comportamento do consumo de tabaco em adolescentes

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación de cada uno de los componentes de los estilos de crianza del padre y de la madre sobre la susceptibilidad a fumar, la experimentación con los cigarros y el consumo actual de tabaco de los hombres y las mujeres adolescentes. Método. La muestra fue no aleatoria de una población de estudiantes de secundaria pública de la Ciudad de México. Estuvo constituida por 253 adolescentes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario demográfico y las escalas de Estilos Crianza de Steinberg y de Susceptibilidad Tabáquica. Resultados. Los análisis de regresión múltiple efectuados permitieron identificar el cuidado del padre como el principal predictor de la susceptibilidad y la experimentación en los hijos hombres, y la supervisión y el cuidado de las madres, como los componentes que más varianza explicaron en el caso de las mujeres. Conclusión. Cada uno de los componentes de los estilos de crianza del padre y de la madre afecta de manera diferenciada el comportamiento tabáquico de los adolescentes.

Objective. Research on adolescent tobacco use has shown the significant influence of family variables, particularly, parenting style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of each component of fathers' and mothers' parenting styles on smoking susceptibility, cigarette experimentation and the current tobacco use of boys and girls. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 253 adolescent public high school students in Mexico City answered a demographic questionnaire and the Steinberg's Parenting Styles Scale and Tobacco Susceptibility Scale. Results. Multiple regression analyses made it apparent that the father's care is the main predictor of susceptibility and experimentation in boys, and supervision and care from the mother are the components that explained most variance for girls. Conclusion. Each of the components of the parenting styles of fathers and mothers differently affects the smoking behavior of boys and girls.

Escopo. A pesquisa sobre o consumo de tabaco em adolescentes tem mostrado a influência negativa significativa das variáveis familiares, em particular, dos estilos de criação dos pais. O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação de cada um dos componentes dos estilos de criação do pai e da mãe sobre a susceptibilidade para fumar, a experimentação com os cigarros e o consumo atual de tabaco dos homens e mulheres adolescentes. Metodologia. A amostra foi não aleatória de uma população de estudantes de uma escola de ensino médio pública da Cidade do México, esteve constituída por 253 adolescentes, os quais responderam um questionário demográfico e as escadas de Estilos Criação de Steinberg e de Susceptibilidade para o Tabaco. Resultados. A análise de regressão múltipla efetuada permitiu identificar o cuidado do pai como o principal preditor da susceptibilidade e a experimentação em filhos homens, e a supervisão e o cuidado das mães, como os componentes que com mais variação explicaram o caso das mulheres. Conclusão. Cada um dos componentes dos estilos de criação do pai e da mãe afeta de jeito diferente o comportamento de uso de tabaco nos adolescentes.

Adsorption of three-domain antifreeze proteins on ice: a study using LGMMAS theory and Monte Carlo simulations.

In the present work, the adsorption of three-domain antifreeze proteins on ice is studied by combining a statistical thermodynamics based theory and Monte Carlo simulations. The three-domain protein is modeled by a trimer, and the ice surface is represented by a lattice of adsorption sites. The statistical theory, obtained from the exact partition function of non-interacting trimers adsorbed in one dimension and its extension to two dimensions, includes the configuration of the molecule in the adsorbed state, and allows the existence of multiple adsorption states for the protein. We called this theory "lattice-gas model of molecules with multiple adsorption states" (LGMMAS). The main thermodynamics functions (partial and total adsorption isotherms, Helmholtz free energy and configurational entropy) are obtained by solving a non-linear system of j equations, where j is the total number of possible adsorption states of the protein. The theoretical results are contrasted with Monte Carlo simulations, and a modified Langmuir model (MLM) where the arrangement of the adsorption sites in space is immaterial. The formalism introduced here provides exact results in one-dimensional lattices, and offers a very accurate description in two dimensions (2D). In addition, the scheme is capable of predicting the proportion between coverage degrees corresponding to different conformations in the same energetic state. In contrast, the MLM does not distinguish between different adsorption states, and shows severe discrepancies with the 2D simulation results. These findings indicate that the adsorbate structure and the lattice geometry play fundamental roles in determining the statistics of multistate adsorbed molecules, and consequently, must be included in the theory.

Protonation of ß-lactoglobulin in the presence of strong polyelectrolyte chains: a study using Monte Carlo simulation.

In this work, the molecular interaction between the protein ß-lactoglobulin and strong polyelectrolyte chains was studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Different coarse-grained models were used to represent the system components. Both net charge and protonation of the isolated dimeric protein were analyzed as a function of pH. The acid-base equilibrium of each titratable group was distinctively modified by the presence of polyanion or polycation chains. The complexation on the wrong side of pI was more evident with the polycation than with the polyanion. It was mainly due to a charge regulation mechanism, where the reversion in net charge of the protein was more pronounced at the left of isoelectric point of the protein. The glutamic and aspartic groups play a key role in this charge reversion. Both polyanion and polycation were spatially adsorbed in different region on the protein surface, suggesting the importance of the surface charge distribution of the protein.

[High intensity interval training improves glycemic control and aerobic capacity in glucose intolerant patients]. / Ejercicio físico interválico de alta intensidad mejora el control glicémico y la capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con intolerancia a la glucosa.

BACKGROUND: Proper exercise training modifies intra miocellular energy utilization, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis. AIM: To determine the therapeutic effects of a high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) program on glucose homeostasis, physical fitness and body fat in glucose intolerant patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with overweight or obesity and glucose intolerance were invited to participate in an exercise program consisting in three sessions per week for 3 months. Ten participants aged 35 ± 13 years who attended > 26 of the planned 36 sessions, were considered as adherent to exercise. The other eight participants aged 37 ± 17 years, who attended to a mean of 13 sessions, were considered as non-adherent. Both groups had similar body weight, body mass index, body fat, plasma glucose 2 h after an oral glucose load and maximal oxygen uptake. All these variables were measured at the end of exercise intervention. Each session consisted of 1 min exercise of cycling at maximal intensity until muscle fatigue followed by 2 min rest, repeated 10 times. RESULTS: Among adherent participants, twelve weeks of HIIT improved significantly maximal oxygen uptake (6.1 + 3.6 mL/kg/min or 24.6%), reduced 2 h post load blood glucose (-33.7 + 47.9 mg/dL or -12.5%) and body fat (-4.3 + 5.6 kg). No significant changes were observed in the non-adherent group. CONCLUSIONS: HIIT exercise reduces blood glucose after an oral load in glucose intolerant patients.

Ejercicio físico interválico de alta intensidad mejora el control glicémico y la capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con intolerancia a la glucosa / High intensity interval training improves glycemic control and aerobic capacity in glucose intolerant patients

Background: Proper exercise training modifies intra miocellular energy utilization, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis. Aim: To determine the therapeutic effects of a high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) program on glucose homeostasis, physical fitness and body fat in glucose intolerant patients. Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with overweight or obesity and glucose intolerance were invited to participate in an exercise program consisting in three sessions per week for 3 months. Ten participants aged 35 ± 13 years who attended > 26 of the planned 36 sessions, were considered as adherent to exercise. The other eight participants aged 37 ± 17 years, who attended to a mean of 13 sessions, were considered as non-adherent. Both groups had similar body weight, body mass index, body fat, plasma glucose 2 h after an oral glucose load and maximal oxygen uptake. All these variables were measured at the end of exercise intervention. Each session consisted of 1 min exercise of cycling at maximal intensity until muscle fatigue followed by 2 min rest, repeated 10 times. Results: Among adherent participants, twelve weeks of HIIT improved signifcantly maximal oxygen uptake (6.1 + 3.6 mL/kg/min or 24.6%), reduced 2 h post load blood glucose (-33.7 + 47.9 mg/dL or -12.5%) and body fat (-4.3 + 5.6 kg). No signifcant changes were observed in the non-adherent group. Conclusions: HIIT exercise reduces blood glucose after an oral load in glucose intolerant patients.

Caracterización de las consultas dermatológicas en urgencias y hospitalización de la población pediátrica del Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia / Characterization of dermatologic emergency and hospitalization consultations in a the pediatric population of Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción: El Hospital Militar Central presta servicios de salud de cuarto nivel, donde un gran porcentaje de los pacientes corresponde a población pediátrica. Surge, entonces, la iniciativa de caracterizar las consultas dermatológicas de pacientes de urgencias e interconsulta, por medio de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el motivo de consulta más frecuente de la población pediátrica valorada en Dermatología en el Hospital Militar Central, describiendo la distribución por edad, la prevalencia de enfermedades y los antecedentes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos (0 a 14 años) valorados por Dermatología. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos del servicio de Dermatologia. Resultados: Se evaluaron 263 pacientes; 73 % de urgencias y 26 % hospitalizados. La edad media fue de 4,9 años. En la distribución por edad, los escolares ocuparon el primer lugar de frecuencia (26,2 %). 43,8 % de los pacientes de urgencias y 78,9 % de los hospitalizados tenía antecedentes patológicos; los más frecuentes, síndrome broncoobstructivo y enfermedad oncohematológica. Las enfermedades infecciosas fueron el motivo de interconsulta más prevalente en los pacientes valorados por urgencias (42,7 %) y en los hospitalizados (43,7 %). El exantema viral y las infecciones herpéticas ocuparon el primer lugar, respectivamente. Conclusión: La caracterización clínica y epidemiológica del comportamiento de las afecciones dermatológicas en la población pediátrica, es vital para optimizar la atención dada por dermatólogos y pediatras, que basados en esta información implementarán guías de manejo que unifiquen los elementos diagnósticos, terapéuticos y de seguimiento.