Marie Curie: How to break the glass ceiling in science and in radiology.

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw in1867. She graduated first in her class in her undergraduate programs in physics and mathematics at Sorbonne University, and she was one of the first women to earn a PhD. She was the first woman to win a Nobel prize (in physics, together with her husband, Pierre Curie), and she was also the first person to win a second Nobel prize in another category (chemistry). Her life is an example of dedication to science based on altruism, personal growth, and tenacity. Being the first woman to break through so many barriers in a totally male-dominated science makes her an emblematic figure in the fight for equal opportunities and human rights. This article reviews her most important contributions to science in general and to diagnostic radiology in particular through her participation in the French military's radiological plan during the First World War.

Resonancia magnética de próstata: guía práctica de interpretación e informe según PI-RADS versión 2.1 / Prostate MRI: practical guidelines for interpreting and reporting according to PI-RADS version 2.1

La creciente precisión de la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica de próstata, en combinación con una mayor experiencia y estandarización en su interpretación, han conferido a esta técnica un papel actual sustancial en el manejo del cáncer de próstata, neoplasia no cutánea más prevalente en el varón. Revisamos los conceptos del sistema PI-RADS versión 2.1 para la estimación de la probabilidad y localización zonal de tumores significativos de próstata, con un enfoque práctico que incluye consideraciones actuales sobre los requisitos previos de la prueba y recomendaciones para su interpretación. Se hace hincapié en hallazgos benignos que pueden llevar a confusión y los criterios de valoración de la probabilidad de extensión local de la enfermedad, que deben también formar parte de un informe estructurado

The increasing precision of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate, together with greater experience and standardization in its interpretation, has given this technique an important role in the management of prostate cancer, the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men. This article reviews the concepts in PI-RADS version 2.1 for estimating the probability and zonal location of significant tumors of the prostate, using a practical approach that includes current considerations about the prerequisites for carrying out the test and recommendations for interpreting the findings. It emphasizes benign findings that can lead to confusion and the criteria for evaluating the probability of local spread, which must be included in the structured report

Carcinoma del seno maxilar invesivo como una causa inusual de cefalea maligna / Invasive carcinoma of the maxillary sinus as an unusual cause of malignant headache

No disponible

Pancreatitis hemorrágica como forma de presentació ninicial de la ruptura de un aneurisma de la arteria esplénica / Hemorragic pancreatitis as an initial clinical presentation of a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm

Los aneurismas de la arteria esplénica son lesiones poco comunes, y la mayoría son asintomáticos. Su diagnóstico precoz es importante porque, en caso de ruptura, la mortalidad es muy elevada. Su presentación clínica puede variar desde una hemorragia digestiva alta por erosión en las vías adyacentes, hasta un shock hipovolémico por ruptura libre en cavidad intraperitoneal. Con cierta frecuencia se observa un fenómeno de doble ruptura, con un leve sangrado inicial contenido en la transcavidad de los epiplones, o bien en estructuras vecinas, entre ellas el páncreas, antes de la hemorragia masiva intraabdominal. Este período "centinela" proporciona una oportunidad valiosa para su diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico urgente. Presentamos el caso de una pancreatitis aguda hemorrágica, como presentación clínica inicial de la rotura de un aneurisma de la arteria esplénica, con un segundo sangrado masivo a cavidad retroperitoneal, provocando un shock hipovolémico (AU)

[Echography evaluation of Morton's neuroma]. / Valoración ecográfica del neuroma de Morton.

OBJECTIVE: We have carried out a study to evaluate diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound in Morton's neuroma. METHODS: Twenty five patients with symptoms suggestive of Morton's neuroma underwent ultrasound examination of the forefoot. All patients subsequently had surgical treatment. RESULTS: Nineteen patients had sonographic evidence of neuroma which were confirmed surgically and later by histological exams. One patient had sonographic evidence of a neuroma that was not confirmed surgically. The remaining five patients did not have sonographic or surgical evidence of neuroma in spite of clinical signs and symptoms. No adjacent neuromas were appreciated. Ultrasound accurately predicted the location of the neuroma in 96.7%. Ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3%. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ultrasound is a highly accurate technique in the diagnosis of the presence and location of Morton's neuromas.

Silent brain infarctions in patients with coronary heart disease. A Spanish population survey.

Coronary artery disease is a recognized risk factor for symptomatic ischaemic stroke but the influence on asymptomatic stroke has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this work was to determine the relationship between coronary heart disease and silent brain infarcts and the influence of vascular risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis in a representative sample of Spanish patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. A consecutive sample of 100 subjects with myocardial infarction, angina or both were included in the survey. Patients with a potential source of emboli from the heart were excluded. As main baseline variables, we considered vascular risk factors; complete cardiological study, including coronary angiography; brain computed tomography (CT) to detect infarcts; echo-Doppler of supra-aortic vessels to detect stenosis; and carotid angiography, when appropriate. As the outcome variable, we observed the incidence of symptomatic stroke after an 18 month mean follow-up. We found silent brain infarction in 30 patients (93% were of lacunar type). None of the vascular risk factors was related to brain infarcts either in univariate or multivariate analysis. Carotid atherosclerosis was the only significant predictor in a model of logistic regression (P < 0.0005), although the lesions were bilateral in the majority of cases. We observed a very low incidence of symptomatic stroke after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Silent brain infarcts are a frequent finding on brain CT in patients with coronary heart disease and are associated with carotid atherosclerosis; however, it does not seem to have important prognostic significance.

[Intrabronchial foreign body in adults: usefulness of computerized tomography]. / Cuerpo extraño intrabronquial en adultos: utilidad de la tomografía computarizada.

The diagnosis of intrabronchial solid foreign body is recorded less often in adults than in children and becomes increasingly difficult to make as time passes after aspiration. Three cases of intrabronchial foreign body in adults with no history of loss of consciousness are reported. Clinical and radiological features are discussed, with special mention of the diagnostic role of computed tomography, a technique that has not often been mentioned in the literature on foreign body aspiration, but that is more sensitive and specific than the simple X-ray. In patients with symptoms inconsistent with X-ray images, computed tomography can be a useful, noninvasive technique for guiding diagnosis and assessing the need for bronchoscopy.

Transthoracic aspiration biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions.

Thoracic aspiration biopsy (TAB) constitutes a useful technique in establishing a diagnosis in diseases of the lungs and mediastinum. Results obtained from 1046 fluoroscopically-guided TABs are presented with review of the most important aspects of the technique. Diagnostic accuracy in malignancy detection was 93.8% in lung lesions (n = 984) and 74.5% in mediastinal lesions (n = 62). Sensitivity was higher in peripheral than in central lesions (96% vs. 87%, respectively). Specificity was 100% in both groups. Sensitivity in lesions smaller than 2 cm was 70% and 94% in larger lesions. Aspiration biopsies performed with Chiba and Franseen needles showed a similar sensitivity (95%) higher than with other types of needles. A pneumothorax developed in 138 patients (13.2%). Only eight of these required the use of an endothoracic tube (0.8% of all biopsies).