ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Analyzed the associations of sedentary behavior (SB) measured by questionnaire and accelerometer, with cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. METHODS: Longitudinal study with 4 years of follow-up with adolescents from João Pessoa, Brazil. SB was measured using a questionnaire (305 adolescents: 54.5% females; age 11.7 [SD = 0.7]) and use of accelerometer (136 adolescents: 54.8% females; age 11.5 [SD = 0.7]). The cardiometabolic markers were body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), total cholesterol/HDL ratio, triglycerides/HDL ratio, and non-HDL-C. Generalized Estimating Equation analysis was used to for analyses. RESULTS: The average time in SB by the accelerometer was greater (average 8.3 [SD = 1.5], 8.8 [SD = 1.6], and 8.4 [SD = 1.9] h/d/wk) than observed in the questionnaire (on average 6.0 [SD = 4.1], 7.2 [SD = 4.9], and 6.6 [SD = 5.4] h/d/wk), in all years of the study, but without a significant increasing trend (P > .05) over time for both measures. There was a significant and positive association between SB measured by the questionnaire and SBP (ß = 0.148; 95% CI, 0.021-0.274). CONCLUSIONS: The SB generally does not seem to contribute to significant changes in cardiometabolic markers in adolescents, despite it being associated with increased systolic blood pressure levels.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Neste artigo, objetivou-se identificar possibilidades e dificuldades relacionadas ao teleatendimento em exercício físico para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) atendidas por um serviço especializado de Maceió. Utilizou-se o delineamento AB; e, na linha de base, foram aplicados instrumentos de caracterização dos perfis de sintomas relacionados ao TEA dos participantes e de aspectos sociodemográficos, tanto dos participantes quanto de seus mediadores familiares. A fase de intervenção, que consistiu em um teleatendimento em exercício físico via WhatsApp e chamada telefônica para aqueles que tinham smartphones e somente via chamada telefônica para quem não tinha, estendeu-se de abril de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 e contou com dez crianças (6,8 ± 2,1 anos) do sexo masculino e seus mediadores familiares. Ao longo da intervenção, realizaram-se análises dos registros audiovisuais dos mediadores familiares acerca das possibilidades e das dificuldades relacionadas à aplicação da intervenção. Concluiu-se que, ainda que tenha havido dificuldades tecnológicas e sociais, o teleatendimento foi uma importante estratégia para dar continuidade à prática de atividade física no ambiente doméstico e esteve associado à melhoria na relação dos mediadores familiares com os indivíduos com TEA.
ABSTRACT In this paper, we aimed to identify possibilities and difficulties related to teleservice in physical exercise for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) attended by a specialized service in Maceió, Brazil. The AB design was used, and, at baseline, instruments for characterizing the ASD-related symptom profiles of the participants and sociodemographic aspects of both the participants and their family mediators were applied. The intervention phase, which consisted of a teleservice in physical exercise via WhatsApp and a phone call for those who had smartphones and only via phone call for those who did not, was extended from April 2020 to December 2021 and counted on ten male children (6.8 ± 2.1 years old) and their family mediators. During the intervention, analyses of the audiovisual records of the family mediators were conducted regarding the possibilities and difficulties of the application of the intervention. Although there were technological and social difficulties, it was concluded that teleservice was an important strategy to continue the practice of physical activity in the home environment and was associated with an improvement in the relationship between family mediators and individuals with ASD.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Recent studies have shown the existence of a positive relationship between physical exercise, symptomatic improvement, and reduction of damage caused by comorbidities associated with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, adolescents, and adults. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRM) was to estimate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on the stereotyped behaviors of children with a diagnosis of ASD in intervention studies. Materials and Methods: The design followed the PRISMA guidelines and the TREND statement to assess the quality of information in each study. Nine non-randomized intervention trial studies with low, moderate, and vigorous physical exercise, with a duration varying from 8 to 48 weeks and a frequency of 3 times a week, were included in the SRM. The dependent variable episodes of stereotypical behaviors was analyzed in all studies and assessed as the number of episodes demonstrated by the child in pre- versus post-exercise intervention conditions. Results: The eight studies included a total 129 children (115 males and 14 females) with an average age of 8.93 ± 1.69 years. Children with ASD showed a reduction of 1.1 in the number of occurrences of stereotypical behaviors after intervention with physical exercise. Conclusion: Evidence was found to support physical exercise as an effective tool in reducing the number of episodes of stereotypical behaviors in children diagnosed with ASD.