ABSTRACT
The fear of environmental doom (eco-anxiety) is a new and growing source of mental distress that could particularly affect the next generation of conservation biologists. With care and empathy, educators can help to prevent worsening the mental health of students.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Empathy , Anxiety/prevention & control , Anxiety Disorders , Biology , Humans , StudentsABSTRACT
Based on the available literature, a list of 40 gasteroid species recorded in Paraguay since the earliest known collection is presented. A total of forty species are reported, distributed among 16 genera and 4 families. This work represents the first compilation of data available on this group of fungi for Paraguay. These numbers reveal the scarce amount of species formally cited for the Paraguayan Funga.
Con base en la literatura disponible, se presenta una lista de 40 especies de gasteroides registradas en Paraguay desde los primeros registros conocidos. Se reporta un total de cuarenta especies, distribuidas en 16 géneros y 4 familias. Este trabajo representa la primera compilación de datos disponibles de este grupo de hongos para Paraguay. Estos números nos revela la escasa cantidad de especies citadas formalmente para la Funga del país.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Xylobotrum portentosum (Mont.) Pat. is a striking Neotropical fungal species but it has been reported only a few times from Southern Brazil (States of Paraná and Santa Catarina), found in remnants of Atlantic Forest. Herein we report the species for the first time from the Southeastern Region of Brazil (State of São Paulo). A brief description and color photographs of the fresh specimen are presented.
Resumo Xylobotrum portentosum (Mont.) Pat. é uma espécie notável de fungo neotropical que foi registrada apenas poucas vezes para a Região Sul do Brasil (Paraná e Santa Catarina), encontrada em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica. Neste trabalho a espécie é reportada pela primeira vez para a Região Sudeste do Brasil (Estado de São Paulo). São apresentadas uma breve descrição e fotografias coloridas do espécime fresco.
ABSTRACT
The knowledge about gasteroid fungi in Brazil have increased considerably during the last two decades. However, there are still areas in the country where no species reported, and on the other hand, there are species that were reported only from a few localities. About 70 species of gasteroid fungi are reported from the State of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), but this number may be increased with more collections and studies. The aim of this article is to report for the first time the occurrence of nine gasteroid species from São Paulo: Calvatia fragilis, C. guzmanii, Cyathus julietae, Geastrum argentinum, G. minimum, G. violaceum, Phallus glutinolens, Scleroderma areolatum and Vascellum pampeanum. The latter is also a new report from Brazil. Moreover, additional comments are provided for the species Abrachium floriforme, Arachnion album and Phallus rubicundus.
O conhecimento acerca da diversidade e distribuição de fungos gasteroides aumentou consideravelmente durante as últimas duas décadas. Entretanto, ainda há regiões no país onde não existem registros de ocorrência desses organismos, e por outro lado, há espécies que foram registradas apenas para poucas localidades. Cerca de 70 espécies de fungos gasteroides são listadas para o Estado de São Paulo (Sudeste brasileiro), porém esse número pode ser aumentado com um maior esforço de coletas e estudos. O objetivo deste artigo é registrar pela primeira vez a ocorrência de nove espécies para o Estado de São Paulo: Calvatia fragilis, C. guzmanii, Cyathus julietae, Geastrum argentinum, G. minimum, G. violaceum, Phallus glutinolens, Scleroderma areolatum e Vascellum pampeanum, sendo que essa última também representa um novo registro para o Brasil. Ainda, comentários adicionais são apresentados para as espécies Abrachium floriforme, Arachnion album e Phallus rubicundus.
ABSTRACT
Myriostoma is an easily identifiable genus due to its basidiome with multiple stalks and ostioles in the endoperidium. Its occurrence in South America is limited to Brazil and Argentina, but the basidiomes are not abundant and easily found in nature. The aim of this study is to report for the first time the occurrence of Myriostoma calongei in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, since the genus was reported only once from the State.
O gênero Myriostoma é facilmente identificado devido aos basidiomas com múltiplas colunas e ostíolos do endoperídio. A ocorrência do gênero na América do Sul está limitada ao Brasil e Argentina, porém os basidiomas não são abundantes e facilmente encontrados na natureza. O objetivo do presente trabalho é registrar pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Myriostoma calongei no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, cidade de São Paulo, sendo que o gênero havia sido registrado apenas uma vez para o Estado de São Paulo.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The present study evaluated the capacity of three species of Fusarium isolated from onychomycosis to form biofilms and the antibiofilm effect of propolis extract on these biofilms. MATERIALS & METHODS: The biofilms and antibiofilm effects were evaluated by quantifying the colony-forming units, mitochondrial metabolic activity assays, total biomass by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Propolis extract demonstrated significant antibiofilm efficiency on Fusarium spp. isolates and reduced F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans mature biofilms. CONCLUSION: Propolis extract can be an alternative topical treatment of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Fusarium/drug effects , Hand Dermatoses/drug therapy , Onychomycosis/drug therapy , Propolis/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Fusarium/isolation & purification , Fusarium/physiology , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Onychomycosis/microbiology , Propolis/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Six species of Cystangium, a genus of sequestrate taxa related to Russula, were collected in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) during autumn 2001. Two species, C. depauperatum Singer & A.H. Sm. and C. nothofagi (E. Horak) Trappe, Castellano & T. Lebel, were already known from this region, while four new species, C. domingueziae, C. gamundiae, C. grandihyphatum and C. longisterigmatum, are described, illustrated and a key to the species is provided. In addition, sequences of the ITS (rDNA) region were obtained to explore the phylogenetic relationships of our South American Cystangium species.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , Trees/microbiology , Argentina , Basidiomycota/classification , Basidiomycota/genetics , Basidiomycota/growth & development , Chile , Forests , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Spores, Fungal/classification , Spores, Fungal/genetics , Spores, Fungal/growth & development , Spores, Fungal/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Phylogenetic relationships within the Phallales were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (rpb2), and mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 (atp6). The ingroup is represented by 62 taxa comprising 18 genera and 44 species, including members of the Clathraceae, Claustulaceae, Gastrosporiaceae, Lysuraceae, Phallaceae and Protophallaceae. Sixty-one new sequences were generated, including tropical and subtropical taxa. This is one of the first studies discussing the phylogenetic placement of Abrachium, Aseroë, Blumenavia, Gastrosporium, Jansia and Xylophallus. Gastrosporiaceae was demonstrated to be sister to Phallaceae and an emended description of the order is presented. Aseroë was demonstrated to be polyphyletic and as a result, A. arachnoidea is transferred to Lysurus.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/classification , Phylogeny , Base Sequence , Basidiomycota/genetics , Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , DNA, Fungal/chemistry , DNA, Fungal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycological Typing Techniques , RNA Polymerase II/genetics , Ribosome Subunits, Large/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Fuscoporia bifurcata is described from southern Brazil based on collections from mangrove areas on Santa Catarina Island, in the state of Santa Catarina. The new species is characterized by hymenial setae with a bifurcate or spiny apex. A description with illustrations, an updated key to species of Fuscoporia from southern Brazil and a key to species of Hymenochaetaceae reported from mangroves are provided.
