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Int J Infect Dis ; 145: 107090, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762045

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome for which herpesvirus and enteroviruses are the most common etiological agents. Arboviruses, a wildly diverse group of pathogens, are also critical epidemiological agents associated with encephalitis. In Brazil, little is known about the causative agents of encephalitis. METHODS: We conducted a hospital surveillance for encephalitis between 2020 and 2022. Molecular (RT-PCR and qPCR) and serological (virus-specific IgM and viral antigens) techniques were performed in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples obtained from study participants. RESULTS: In the 43 participants evaluated, the etiologic agent or the presence of IgM was detected in 16 (37.2%). Nine (20.9%) cases were positive for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), three (7.0%) for dengue virus, two (4.7%) for human adenovirus, one (2.3%) for varicella-zoster virus, and one (2.3%) for enterovirus. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the CHIKV identified belongs to the East/Central/South African lineage. CONCLUSION: Herein, CHIKV is a common pathogen identified in encephalitis cases. Our results reinforce previous evidence that chikungunya represents a significant cause of encephalitis during CHIKV outbreaks and epidemics and add to existing information on the epidemiology of encephalitis in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever , Chikungunya virus , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Male , Female , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Chikungunya Fever/blood , Adult , Adolescent , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Child, Preschool , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Encephalitis, Viral/epidemiology , Encephalitis, Viral/virology , Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Aged , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Infant , Phylogeny , Herpesvirus 3, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Enterovirus/genetics , Whole Genome Sequencing
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