Validation of improved 24-hour dietary recall using a portable camera among the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: The collection of weighed food records (WFR) is a gold standard for dietary assessment. We propose using the 24-h recall method combined with a portable camera and a food atlas (24hR-camera). This combination overcomes the disadvantages of the 24-h dietary recall method. Our study examined the validity of the 24hR-camera method against WFR by comparing the results. METHODS: Study subjects were 30 Japanese males, aged 31-58 years, who rarely cook and reside in the Tokyo metropolitan area. For validation, we compared the estimated food intake (24hR-camera method) and weighed food intake (WFR method). The 24hR-camera method uses digital photographs of all food consumed during a day, taken by the subjects, and a 24-h recall questionnaire conducted by a registered dietitian, who estimates food intake by comparing the participant's photographs with food atlas photographs. The WFR method involves a registered dietitian weighing each food item prepared for the subject to consume and any leftovers. Food intake was calculated for each food group and nutrient using the 24hR-camera vs. weighed methods. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed food intake were 0.7 or higher in most food groups but were low in food groups, such as oils, fats, condiments, and spices. The estimated intake of vegetables was significantly lower for the 24hR-camera method compared to the WFR method. For other food groups, the percentages of the mean difference between estimated vs. weighed food intake were -22.1% to 5.5%, with no significant differences between the methods (except for algae, which had a very low estimated intake). The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.774 for energy, and 0.855, 0.769, and 0.763 for the macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively, demonstrating high correlation coefficients: greater than 0.75. The correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed for salt equivalents and potassium intake were 0.583 and 0.560, respectively, but no significant differences in intake were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The 24hR-camera method satisfactorily estimated the intake of energy and macronutrients (except salt equivalents and potassium) in Japanese males and was confirmed as a useful method for dietary assessment.

Impact of hyperuricaemia on the chronic kidney disease-associated risk factors in a community-based population.

AIM: Hyperuricaemia is a common finding in subjects with lifestyle related diseases. This study was performed to examine its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relation to other risk factors in a community-based population. METHODS: Data from 187 914 participants, excepting CKD stage 5, of the health check-up were included in this analysis. The association between CKD and its risk factors were examined by a logistic analysis. The association of hyperuricaemia and CKD was also compared in the population without any lifestyle related diseases and the whole population. RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was significantly higher in the advanced stage of CKD. The odds ratio of hyperuricaemia was higher than that of other factors for the association with CKD. The odds ratio of many CKD-associated variables was increased in the advanced stage. Among them, the odds ratio of hyperuricaemia was markedly increased. The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was lower in the population without any lifestyle related diseases than in the whole population in the early stages, the difference of prevalence between the two populations becoming smaller in the advanced stage. CONCLUSIONS: The association of incident CKD with hyperuricaemia was stronger than with other chronic kidney disease-risk factors, this association becoming more significant in the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease. Although this result does not indicate the cause and result relationship, the data suggest that hyperuricaemia might not be appropriately treated in this population.