Proliferative tenosynovitis in Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses.

Proliferative tenosynovitis (PT) is an inflammatory and proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane of the tendon sheath that is rare in animals. The histological alterations are characterized by multinodular neovascularization, with infiltration of histiocytic and multinucleated giant cells and haemosiderin deposition. We reviewed necropsy and biopsy records of horses submitted to the Setor de Anatomia Patológica of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro from January 2017 to December 2020 to select cases of PT. We identified PT in three adult Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses with nodular lesions on the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal or carpal joints. The three horses were under 6 years of age and presented with lameness and pain on palpation. There were recurrences in two horses after surgical removal. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations detected masses in the flexor or extensor tendons and subtendinous bursa. Histological study of synovial membrane and tendon sheath revealed an increased number of vessels, fibroplasia, osseous metaplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and siderophages. This is the first description of PT in horses, which should be included as an orthopaedic differential diagnosis, especially in Mangalarga Marchador horses with lameness.

Pulmonary Granuloma Is Not Always the Tuberculosis Hallmark: Pathology of Tuberculosis Stages in New World and Old World Monkeys Naturally Infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex.

We present the pathology of monkeys naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from five different colonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On the basis of gross and histopathological findings, the lesions were classified into chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation stages. Typical granulomatous pneumonia was seen in 46.6% of cases (six rhesus monkeys [Macaca mulatta] and one Uta Hick's bearded saki [Chiropotes utahickae]). The absence of pulmonary granulomas did not preclude a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB): classical granulomatous pneumonia was observed in the chronic-active and latent-reactivation stages but not in the extrapulmonary and early-activation stages. The early-activation stage was characterized by interstitial pneumonia with a predominance of foamy macrophages and molecular and immunohistochemical evidence of M. tuberculosis complex infection. TB should be considered as a cause of interstitial pneumonia in New World Monkeys. We recommend the use of immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis for diagnosis of TB, even when typical macroscopic or histological changes are not observed.

Acetogenin-induced fibrotic heart disease from avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) poisoning in horses.

Poisoning by avocado (Persea americana) has been confirmed in sheep, goats, dogs, rabbits and ostriches. The clinical signs and lesions are attributed to the acetogenin, persin. Little is known regarding the epidemiology, clinical signs, lesions and therapy caused by acetogenin-induced heart damage. During the two-year study, we investigated a horse farm with six horses that often fed themselves with P. americana leaves or mature fruit pulp and skin on the ground. Two horses died, and one underwent necropsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-cardiac troponin C (cTnC). Grossly and histopathologically, there was severe cardiac fibroplasia. Immunohistochemically, there was a multifocal decrease or negative expression in the cTnC cardiomyocytes' cytoplasm. Persea americana leaves were confirmed in the alimentary tract using botanical anatomy and molecular techniques. The chemical investigation by (LC-ESI-MS) revealed the presence of the acetogenins, persin and avocadene 1-acetate from P. americana. Persin was present in leaves and fruits (seed and pulp), while avocadene 1-acetate was found in leaves and fruits (seed, peel, and pulp) with a higher concentration in the pulp. Four other horses have been examined by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and serum Troponin 1 (cTnI). To establish a causal effect of consumption of P. Americana and heart fibroplasia in horses, long-time experiments must be carried out.

Cestrum axillare (Solanaceae) poisoning in ruminants.

Cestrum axillare poisoning causes significant economic losses in farms of ruminant production due to a fatal acute hepatic disease. The consumption of C. axillare occurs on farms or pastures with a scarcity of feed or with dry forage. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of poisoning outbreaks by C. axillare from 1953 to 2021 in grazing ruminants in southeastern Brazil are reported. A total of 68 bovines, two buffaloes, and two goats exhibited clinical signs and resulted in death due to C. axillare consumption, with 79% of the cases occurring during the dry period. Clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, ruminal arrest, arched back, and constipation with hard stools, sometimes with blood or mucus. Cases with neurological signs due to hepatic encephalopathy showed excitement, aggressiveness, drooling, staggering, and muscle tremors. The pathological findings included hepatocellular necrosis in the liver and microcavitations in the brain's white matter (status spongiosus). The hepatotoxins, carboxyparquin and parquin, were detected in C. axillare leaf samples collected from paddocks grazed by cattle in three southeastern Brazilian municipalities where outbreaks of C. axillare poisoning occurred. This is the first report of parquin and carboxyparquin in C. axillare.

Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Free-Ranging Black-Tailed Marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an Urban Area in Mid-West Brazil.

The emergence of spillover pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 is a risk to vulnerable human populations. We report natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in a free-ranging adult female black-tailed marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The animal was found after a motor vehicle collision without previous clinical history. Necropsy confirmed polytrauma. Severe multifocal to coalescent haemorrhage and mild multifocal peribronchial lymphocytic hyperplasia were seen in lung sections. The alveolar septa were multifocally expanded by a few lymphocytes. Mild lymphocytic periportal hepatitis and interstitial nephritis were found. The lymphoid nodules of the large intestine showed marked lymphocytic hyperplasia. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 was established by viral RNA detection in a pool of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and liver samples. Immunohistochemistry detected the viral nucleocapsid protein in sections of lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and large intestine, and spike protein antigen in lung tissue. This is the first report of naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 infection in a New World monkey. Platyrrhine species should be included as potential hosts of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2.

Successful potassium iodide treatment for rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep.

BACKGROUND: Pythiosis in sheep is an important disease in Brazil, which could cause rhinitis, dermatitis and alimentary tract inflammation. It is caused by the aquatic oomycete, Pythium insidiosum. The rhinofacial pythiosis causes facial deformity and upper respiratory tract clinical signs associated with necroproliferative masses occupying the rostral nasal cavity and hard palate. Little is known regarding the therapy, prophylaxis and pathogenesis of this disease. METHODOLOGY: During the 6-year study, we examined 13 sheep presenting rhinofacial pythiosis. The diagnosis was performed through biopsy of the rhinofacial lesions followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against P insidiosum, polymerase chain reaction and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: This study presents the clinical findings of a potassium iodide treatment of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. All sheep were treated with 10 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution, administered orally every day during 63-120 (mean 85) days. Among treated sheep, 84.6% demonstrated complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Potassium iodide therapy may treat rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep.

Dacryoadenitis caused by Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Flies of the genus Cochliomyia frequently cause myiasis in the Americas during the hot and humid climate, which favors the development of the parasite's life cycle. A three-year-old female sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), originated from a conservation farm in the municipality of Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, was presented for a necropsy. Grossly, a nodular wound in the right lacrimal gland was observed, with many intralesional larvae. The histopathological evaluation of the injured lacrimal gland revealed maggots surrounded by areas of necrosis and inflammation. Specimens were collected for parasitological examination. Morphologically, larvae were identified as Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). It is suggested that adult C. macellaria was attracted to the site of infestation by glandular secretion. The present study shows the first report of secondary myiasis by Cochliomyia macellaria in deer.

Poisoning by Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) cv. Colonião in horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro / Intoxicação por Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) cv. Colonião em equinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Colic outbreaks in horses have been associated with the grazing of several Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) cultivars in the North and Central-West regions of Brazil. In this paper, we report a horse colic outbreak in the Southeast region of Brazil caused by ingestion of the "Colonião" cultivar of M. maximus, which has not previously been considered as toxic. The five affected horses belonged to the Veterinary Platoon based at the Central Ammunition Deposit of the Brazilian Army in the city of Paracambi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The horses had access to treated water and commercial concentrate, and were located in a field of M. maximus at the time of the outbreak. All horses exhibited clinical signs of colic and bloat, and three of them died. The extend of the clinical course ranged from four to five days in the three animals that died; in the two animals that recovered from the colic episodes, the extend of the clinical courses were 10 and 15 days. Necropsy findings revealed intestinal and gastric bloating and hemorrhages involving the intestinal wall. Light microscopy showed moderate diffuse lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis with multifocal erosions, in addition to submucosal edema associated with multifocal vasculitis. The pathogenesis of colic caused by M. maximus ingestion in horses has not yet been elucidated. Some authors have suggested that higher starch concentrations in M. maximus during the rainy season may be responsible for the toxicity of this plant. However, the findings of this study do not support this hypothesis. As a prophylactic measure, it is suggested that horses do not graze exclusively M. maximus at the beginning of rainy periods, in which regrowth of this grass occurs. In Brazil, outbreaks of horse colic associated with ingestion of varieties of Megathyrsus can also occur outside the North and Midwest regions, under specific climate conditions.(AU)

Surtos de cólica em equinos vêm sendo associados ao pastejo de várias cultivares de Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Neste trabalho relata-se um surto de cólica em equinos determinado pela ingestão da variedade Colonião de M. maximus, cultivar até então não descrita como tóxico. Os cinco equinos, oriundos do Pelotão de Veterinária do Centro de munição do Exército situado no município de Paracambi/RJ, estavam em uma mesma pastagem de M. maximus, tinham acesso à água tratada e ao concentrado comercial para equinos. Todos os equinos tiveram sinais clínicos de cólica por timpanismo e três deles morreram. O curso clínico variou de quatro a cinco dias nos três equinos que morreram e de 10 a 15 dias nos dois equinos que recuperaram-se da cólica. À necropsia, os principais achados foram timpanismo intestinal e gástrico e hemorragias na parede intestinal. À microscopia havia enterite linfoplasmocítica e eosinofílica difusa moderada com erosões multifocais e edema submucoso associado à vasculite multifocal. A patogênese da cólica pela ingestão de M. maximus ainda não foi elucidada, no entanto, alguns autores têm sugerido que uma maior concentração de amido presente na forrageira durante o período de chuvas possa ser responsável pela ação tóxica da planta. Contudo as observações aqui levantadas não dão suporte a essa hipótese. Sugere-se como medida profilática evitar o pastejo exclusivo de M. maximus por cavalos, por meio de pastagens alternativas, principalmente durante o início das chuvas e rebrota da pastagem. Demonstra-se que, no Brasil, os surtos de cólica em equinos associados à ingestão de variedades de Megathyrsus, também podem ocorrer fora das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, desde que existam condições climáticas especiais.(AU)

Conidiobolomycosis in goats / Conidiobolomicose em caprinos

The present article presents cases of conidiobolomycosis in adult goats with clinical signs characterized by serous nasal discharge, dyspnea, apathy, and weight loss. Two goats were necropsied. Necropsy displayed increased volume on the sagittal section of the head and an ulcerated surface containing a yellow friable mass with irregular and granular consistency in the nasal septum and in the ventral nasal turbinate. One goat also presented lesions on the ear's skin and the right pelvic limb. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by multifocal granulomas with a central necrotic area containing non-stained fungal hyphae images surrounded by a granulomatous infiltrate. Samples of the lesions examined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were positive for Conidiobolus lamprauges. This is the first report of conidiobolomycosis in goats, and the disease should be considered in the differential diagnoses for rhinitis and dermatitis in goats.(AU)

O presente artigo apresenta casos de conidiobolomicose em cabras adultas com sinais clínicos caracterizados por secreção nasal serosa, dispneia, apatia e perda de peso. Dois caprinos foram necropsiados. Na necropsia, em corte sagital da cabeça, foi observado aumento de volume e superfície ulcerada contendo massa amarela e friável com consistência irregular e granular no septo nasal e conchas nasais ventrais. Uma cabra apresentou também lesões na pele da orelha e no membro pélvico direito. Microscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por granulomas multifocais com área central de necrose, contendo imagens de hifas fúngicas não coradas, circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso. Amostras das lesões submetidas à imuno-histoquímica e reação em cadeia da polimerase foram positivas para Conidiobolus lamprauges. Este é o primeiro registro de conidiobolomicose em caprinos e deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de rinite e dermatite em caprinos.(AU)

Conidiobolomycosis in goats

ABSTRACT: The present article presents cases of conidiobolomycosis in adult goats with clinical signs characterized by serous nasal discharge, dyspnea, apathy, and weight loss. Two goats were necropsied. Necropsy displayed increased volume on the sagittal section of the head and an ulcerated surface containing a yellow friable mass with irregular and granular consistency in the nasal septum and in the ventral nasal turbinate. One goat also presented lesions on the ears skin and the right pelvic limb. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by multifocal granulomas with a central necrotic area containing non-stained fungal hyphae images surrounded by a granulomatous infiltrate. Samples of the lesions examined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were positive for Conidiobolus lamprauges. This is the first report of conidiobolomycosis in goats, and the disease should be considered in the differential diagnoses for rhinitis and dermatitis in goats.

RESUMO: O presente artigo apresenta casos de conidiobolomicose em cabras adultas com sinais clínicos caracterizados por secreção nasal serosa, dispneia, apatia e perda de peso. Dois caprinos foram necropsiados. Na necropsia, em corte sagital da cabeça, foi observado aumento de volume e superfície ulcerada contendo massa amarela e friável com consistência irregular e granular no septo nasal e conchas nasais ventrais. Uma cabra apresentou também lesões na pele da orelha e no membro pélvico direito. Microscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por granulomas multifocais com área central de necrose, contendo imagens de hifas fúngicas não coradas, circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso. Amostras das lesões submetidas à imuno-histoquímica e reação em cadeia da polimerase foram positivas para Conidiobolus lamprauges. Este é o primeiro registro de conidiobolomicose em caprinos e deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de rinite e dermatite em caprinos.

Poisoning by Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) cv. Colonião in horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT: Colic outbreaks in horses have been associated with the grazing of several Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) cultivars in the North and Central-West regions of Brazil. In this paper, we report a horse colic outbreak in the Southeast region of Brazil caused by ingestion of the Colonião cultivar of M. maximus, which has not previously been considered as toxic. The five affected horses belonged to the Veterinary Platoon based at the Central Ammunition Deposit of the Brazilian Army in the city of Paracambi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The horses had access to treated water and commercial concentrate, and were located in a field of M. maximus at the time of the outbreak. All horses exhibited clinical signs of colic and bloat, and three of them died. The extend of the clinical course ranged from four to five days in the three animals that died; in the two animals that recovered from the colic episodes, the extend of the clinical courses were 10 and 15 days. Necropsy findings revealed intestinal and gastric bloating and hemorrhages involving the intestinal wall. Light microscopy showed moderate diffuse lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis with multifocal erosions, in addition to submucosal edema associated with multifocal vasculitis. The pathogenesis of colic caused by M. maximus ingestion in horses has not yet been elucidated. Some authors have suggested that higher starch concentrations in M. maximus during the rainy season may be responsible for the toxicity of this plant. However, the findings of this study do not support this hypothesis. As a prophylactic measure, it is suggested that horses do not graze exclusively M. maximus at the beginning of rainy periods, in which regrowth of this grass occurs. In Brazil, outbreaks of horse colic associated with ingestion of varieties of Megathyrsus can also occur outside the North and Midwest regions, under specific climate conditions.

RESUMO: Surtos de cólica em equinos vêm sendo associados ao pastejo de várias cultivares de Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Neste trabalho relata-se um surto de cólica em equinos determinado pela ingestão da variedade Colonião de M. maximus, cultivar até então não descrita como tóxico. Os cinco equinos, oriundos do Pelotão de Veterinária do Centro de munição do Exército situado no município de Paracambi/RJ, estavam em uma mesma pastagem de M. maximus, tinham acesso à água tratada e ao concentrado comercial para equinos. Todos os equinos tiveram sinais clínicos de cólica por timpanismo e três deles morreram. O curso clínico variou de quatro a cinco dias nos três equinos que morreram e de 10 a 15 dias nos dois equinos que recuperaram-se da cólica. À necropsia, os principais achados foram timpanismo intestinal e gástrico e hemorragias na parede intestinal. À microscopia havia enterite linfoplasmocítica e eosinofílica difusa moderada com erosões multifocais e edema submucoso associado à vasculite multifocal. A patogênese da cólica pela ingestão de M. maximus ainda não foi elucidada, no entanto, alguns autores têm sugerido que uma maior concentração de amido presente na forrageira durante o período de chuvas possa ser responsável pela ação tóxica da planta. Contudo as observações aqui levantadas não dão suporte a essa hipótese. Sugere-se como medida profilática evitar o pastejo exclusivo de M. maximus por cavalos, por meio de pastagens alternativas, principalmente durante o início das chuvas e rebrota da pastagem. Demonstra-se que, no Brasil, os surtos de cólica em equinos associados à ingestão de variedades de Megathyrsus, também podem ocorrer fora das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, desde que existam condições climáticas especiais.

Parasitological and clinical-pathological findings in twelve outbreaks of acute trypanosomiasis in dairy cattle in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

In Brazil, infection in cattle was first reported in the state of Pará, in 1944, and the presence of the parasite has already been recorded in several states. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical-pathological aspects of a natural infection by T. vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Twelve outbreaks of the infection were diagnosed in 11 municipalities from April 2016 to October 2018. All properties had acquired cattle from states where the disease had already been recorded and it was found that needles for oxytocin administration had been shared. These outbreaks were studied by visiting the properties to perform anamnesis, clinical exams and collection of material for laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory diagnosis was performed through parasitological, molecular and histopathological techniques. Animals with confirmed diagnosis for T. vivax showed anemia, lack of appetite, decreased milk production, weight loss, weakness, abortion, diarrhea and neurological signs. The main histological lesions found were meningoencephalitis and lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. In the central nervous system, the lesions were more severe in the brain compared to the spinal cord, being progressively more severe in the rostro-dorsal direction. Also, they were more accentuated in the white matter compared to the gray matter. Due to nonspecific clinical signs, laboratory tests were key for diagnosis. Trypanosomiasis in cattle herds in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is of great concern because of its potential to cause economic losses.

High morbidity cutaneous enzootic myiasis by Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae) in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor).

This study describes the first known occurrence and treatment of enzootic cutaneous myiasis by Dermatobia hominis in a herd of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Sambar deer are clinically affected by enzootic cutaneous myiasis during the spring and summer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Through direct inspection and clinicopathological evaluation in the herd with 80 R. unicolor, it was observed that infestation by D. hominis caused 100% morbidity. At histological exam, skin had eosinophilic and granulomatous chronic active severe necrohemorrhagic dermatitis associated with botfly and moderate surrounding fibroplasia. The systemic treatment with oral ivermectin at 0.08% was effective in 93.7% of deer with enzootic cutaneous myiasis after fourteen days. After treatment, the skin deer had eosinophilic and granulomatous chronic severe dermatitis associated with degenerated botfly and severe fibroplasia. Notable differences in leukocyte profile were observed between groups pre- and post-treatment. Decrease of relative values of neutrophils and eosinophils were significant in the treated deer group. An increase of relative values of monocytes was also confirmed in the treated group. Sambar deer was the only species affected by D. hominis, even though several other wild herbivores were kept in the same area. More studies are needed to elucidate the susceptibility of R. unicolor to D. hominis cutaneous infestations.

Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) poisoning in cattle grazing in Brazil.

Palicourea marcgravii is the most important poisonous plant of cattle in Brazil. It contains monofluoroacetic acid and causes sudden death associated with exercise. Herein, we describe the temporal and spatial distribution of the toxic disease. The survey was based on the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of the Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP) of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ) to report outbreaks of poisoning by P. marcgravii, from 1953 to 2018. Clinical signs were peracute and included labored breathing, loss of balance, muscle tremors, lateral recumbency, and limb paddling. Gross lesions such as congestion of large vessels and edema and pulmonary congestion were observed. Multifocal areas of vacuolar hydropic degeneration of distal contorted tubule cells with nuclear pyknosis were observed in the kidneys. The plant is found in forests, and the poisoning occurs mainly after clearing forests for pasture, in areas of natural forest recovery called "capoeira," which provide a favorable environment for maintaining P. marcgravii growth. Outbreaks of P. marcgravii poisoning coincided with periods of creation of large deforested pastures in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil, and the poisoning should be considered an additional risk after deforestation. The most effective prophylaxis is fencing off the forest areas that contain these plants.

Experimental infection by Anaplasma marginale in buffaloes and cattle: clinical, hematological, molecular and pathological aspects / Infecção experimental de Anaplasma marginale em búfalos e bovinos: aspectos clínicos, hematológicos, moleculares e patológicos

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, laboratory and pathological aspects of buffalo and bovine experimentally infected with AmRio 2 strain of Anaplasma marginale. Four Murrah buffaloes and four crossbred cattle were used in the experiment, which two animals of each species were splenectomized. Strain AmRio 2 of A. marginale was inoculated in all experimental animals. Clinical exams, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), blood counts, blood smears, rickettsemia, necropsy and histopathology were performed in all cases. Semi-Nested-PCR (snPCR) for the msp5 and snPCR for the msp1α target gene for identification of A. marginale in blood samples from animals was done. From positive samples for msp1α snPCR, samples were analyzed for the amino acid sequences of this gene. Two splenectomized cattle presented apathy, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, hyperthermia, and severe anemia. The remaining experimental animals did not show clinical signs. The rickettsemia in all animals was less than 1%. The mean PCV of the splenectomized cattle was below 20% at two-time points after infection. On the blood count, the main changes were observed in splenectomized calves and were characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, PCV and platelets (p <0.05). All animals presented leukocyte elevation by increased lymphocytes, however, with no significant difference. The average prepatent period was two days in all the animals. The average incubation period in cattle that became ill was 25.5 days, and death occurred, on average, 63 days after inoculation of the strain. The necropsy findings were characterized by pale carcass, ascites, enlarged liver, distended gallbladder, and thick bile. Histopathological findings included infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in various organs, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, and necrosis of the large intestine. In snPCR for the msp5 gene, 100% of the animals were positive in at least one evaluation. And in the snPCR for the infection of the msp1α target gene was also found in all animals in at least one sample evaluated. However, sequencing revealed only five animals, including the bovine which died, with a similarity of the amino acid sequences with AmRio 2 strain of A. marginale. It is concluded that the splenectomized cattle died due to anaplasmosis caused by the inoculated strain and the buffalo were more resistant compared to cattle. Buffaloes can be an alternative to cattle rearing in areas with a high occurrence of clinical cases of anaplasmosis.(AU)

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e patológicos de búfalos e bovinos infectados experimentalmente com estirpe AmRio 2 de Anaplasma marginale. Para isso, foram utilizados quatro bubalinos Murrah e quatro bovinos mestiços, sendo dois animais de cada espécie, esplenectomizados. Estirpe AmRio 2 de A. marginale foi inoculada em todos os animais. Foram realizados exames clínicos, hematócrito, hemograma, esfregaço sanguíneo com avaliação de riquetsemia, necropsia e histopatologia, além de, Semi-Nested-PCR (snPCR) para o gene alvo msp5 e snPCR para o gene alvo msp1α para identificação de A. marginale nas amostras de sangue dos ruminantes. A partir das amostras positivas na snPCR msp1α, foram selecionadas amostras para análise das sequências de aminoácidos deste gene. Dois bovinos esplenectomizados apresentaram apatia, mucosas pálidas, icterícia, hipertermia e anemia severa. O restante dos animais não apresentou sintomatologia clínica. A riquetsemia em todos os animais foi menor que 1%. A média do hematócrito dos bovinos esplenectomizados esteve abaixo de 20% em dois momentos após infecção. Ao hemograma, as principais alterações observadas foram nos bovinos esplenectomizados e caracterizaram-se por redução de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas (p<0,05). Todos os animais apresentaram elevação de leucócitos por aumento de linfócitos, porém, sem diferença significativa. O período pré-patente médio foi de dois dias em todos os animais. O período de incubação médio nos bovinos que adoeceram foi de 25,5 dias e estes morreram em média 63 dias após inoculação da estirpe. Os achados de necropsia caracterizaram-se por carcaça pálida, ascite, aumento de volume do fígado, vesícula biliar distendida e bile espessa. À histopatologia, verificou-se infiltração de macrófagos e linfócitos em diversos órgãos, dilatação dos sinusoides hepáticos e necrose do intestino grosso. A snPCR para o gene msp5, revelou 100% dos animais positivos em pelo menos um momento de avaliação. E na snPCR para o gene alvo msp1α também verificou-se infecção em todos os animais em pelo menos uma amostra avaliada. Entretanto, o sequenciamento revelou apenas cinco animais, incluindo os bovinos que morreram, com similaridade das sequências de aminoácidos com estirpe AmRio 2 de A. marginale. Conclui-se que os bovinos esplenectomizados morreram em virtude de anaplasmose provocada pela estirpe inoculada e os bubalinos foram mais resistentes em comparação aos bovinos. Finalmente, os búfalos podem ser uma alternativa à criação de bovinos em áreas com alta ocorrência de casos clínicos de anaplasmose.(AU)

Jürgen Döbereiner: a life dedicated to science / Jürgen Döbereiner: uma vida dedicada à ciência

Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner was born in Germany, on the 1st of November 1923, and lived in Brazil for 68 years during which time he developed a range of scientific projects in veterinary pathology and related disciplines. His main interests were the identification of new poisonous plants and mineral deficiencies and the causes of "cara inchada" ("swollen face" a periodontal disease) and botulism in livestock. This research has resulted in the improved health and saving of hundreds of thousands of animals, mainly cattle, annually, and is consequently of enormous economic value to the country. This contribution remains largely under appreciated. He was also involved in organizing diagnostic methods for identifying infectious diseases such as African swine fever and glanders in horses. One of his other major achievements has been the foundation and editing of specialized scientific journals for the documentation of veterinary science research results. At the beginning of his career in the 1950s, he and colleagues from the Institute for Animal Biology (IBA) were struggling to find a national scientific journal where research results from veterinary medicine could be published with practical application to the Brazilian reality. In consequence, the team founded "Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia Animal" and published three volumes (1959-1961). He then founded and edited "Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira" (The Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research") that included a veterinary section. A series of veterinary volumes were published (1966-1976). Finally, in 1978 he helped create the Brazilian College of Veterinary Pathology (CBPA) that published "Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira" (The Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research) from 1981. The main goal was to communicate the most relevant disease problems of Brazilian livestock, in particular pathology and related subjects such as epidemiology, clinical study series and laboratory diagnosis to field veterinarians and academics. Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner was president of CBPA (1978-2018) and chief editor of "Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira" (1981-2018). He passed away on the 16th of October, 2018, at the age of 94 at his home in Seropédica/RJ, Brazil.(AU)

Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner nasceu na Alemanha em 1 de novembro de 1923, durante 68 anos viveu no Brasil e desenvolveu trabalhos científicos no campo da patologia veterinária latu sensu. Sua contribuição científica de destaque foi em temas como plantas tóxicas de interesse pecuário, deficiências minerais em animais de produção, cara inchada (doença periodontal) dos ruminantes, botulismo e diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas. Estas pesquisas resultaram na melhoria da saúde e de centenas de milhares de animais, principalmente bovinos e, consequentemente, foram de enorme valor econômico para o país. Esta contribuição ainda permanece em grande parte subestimada. De grande destaque para a ciência brasileira foi ainda a sua atuação profissional na documentação científica de resultados de pesquisa. No início de sua carreira na década de 1950, Dr. Döbereiner e outros pesquisadores do Instituto de Biologia Animal (IBA) detectaram a necessidade de um periódico científico nacional para publicar resultados de pesquisas com aplicação pratica à realidade brasileira. Dessa iniciativa surgiram os Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia Animal, que publicou três fascículos (1959-1961), em seguida o Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner participou na fundação da revista Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira que publicou a Série Veterinária (1966-1976) e finalmente em 1978, houve a fundação do Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) que publica desde 1981 a revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. Este periódico científico foi criado para apresentar à comunidade, principalmente veterinários de campo e professores, os principais problemas de saúde em animais de produção no Brasil, ou seja, patologia em seu sentido amplo, envolvendo as áreas de epidemiologia, clínica e diagnóstico laboratorial. Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner, que foi presidente do CBPA (1978-2018) e Editor-Chefe da revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (1981-2018), faleceu em casa, em 16 de outubro de 2018, aos 94 anos, no município de Seropédica/RJ.(AU)

É possível integrar pecuária à conservação da biodiversidade? Estudo de casos de depredação de ovinos por onça-parda (Puma concolor) / Is it possible to integrate livestock into biodiversity conservation? Case study of sheep depredation by puma (Puma concolor)

Em diversas partes da América Latina, a perda e diminuição do habitat natural de animais silvestres ocorre em função do aumento das atividades agropecuárias. Nos últimos anos o número de mortes de animais de criação por depredação tem aumentado, bem como a consequente retaliação aos predadores. Como resultado destas ações, ocorre à extinção ou redução das populações destes predadores de topo, provocando perdas ecológicas. Esse estudo teve como objetivo apontar medidas preventivas e mitigatórias da depredação de ovinos por onça-parda (Puma concolor). Através da análise de dois estudos de casos de depredação no Centro-Oeste brasileiro e na região dos Andes Colombianos, levantamos soluções alternativas sustentáveis para que profissionais e criadores possam se prevenir desta ameaça ao rebanho ovino. Um estudo de caso foi realizado em fazenda no município de Alto Paraguai, Mato Grosso. Entre os anos 2005 e 2014 houve visitas na propriedade para diagnóstico de doenças e realizou-se estudo comparativo da quantidade de mortes por doenças com as mortes por depredação. No ano de 2010 ocorreu um ataque depredatório que resultou em morte de seis ovinos. Em 2014, realizou-se um estudo na região central do Departamento del Valle del Cauca, há 2814m de altitude nos Andes colombianos, para diagnosticar a depredação de gado na região e implementar medidas para prevenir sua ocorrência e avaliar sua eficácia. No total, foram implementadas medidas anti-depredação sobre oito propriedades, e entre elas, um curral com cerca elétrica para ovelhas foi implementada em uma fazenda no município de Tuluá. Os resultados mostram que as perdas econômicas por depredação são graves nas duas regiões estudadas e se equiparam a perdas por doenças no estudo de caso em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Portanto recomenda-se a combinação entre o manejo sanitário, métodos de prevenção e, se necessário, mitigação de ataques depredatório. Além disso, legisladores devem se associar a pesquisadores para traçar estratégias efetivas para esse sério problema na América Latina.(AU)

In several parts of Latin America, the expansion of agriculture over the years has caused loss and reduction of wild fauna natural habitat. Recently, deaths of sheep and cattle have increased due to predation by large carnivores and the resulting retaliation by farmers on predators. Consequently, populations of these top predators have been reduced or have got even locally extinct, leading to imbalances on ecosystems, altered because of the carnivore effects on prey dinamics. The objective of this study is to analyse sheep depredation by puma (Puma concolor), in Central Brazil and in the Colombian Andes and point out preventive and mitigating measures that can be implemented in rural areas. From 2005 to 2014, we visited a ranch in Alto Paraguai, Mato Grosso, Brazil for diagnostic purposes and we compared the death of sheep from diseases and depredation attacks. In 2014, we visited a rural area in the central region of Departamento del Valle del Cauca, at 2814m of altitude in the Colombian Andes, to diagnose sheep predation, implement preventive measures, and evaluate their effectiveness. The results reveal that economic losses due to predation are critical on both studied regions and similar to losses by diseases in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Thus, we recommend the integration of health management, preventive measures as well as mitigation of depredatory attacks at the local scale and we discuss potential sustainable measures that can be locally implemented by farmers. Furthermore, we recommend that public policies should incorporate scientific results on human-wildlife conflicts to be effective, considering both livestock management and biodiversity conservation.(AU)

An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) / Surto de febre catarral maligna em cervos Sambar (Rusa Unicolor)

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an infectious, pansystemic and highly fatal disease with wide geographic distribution. The species that are clinically prone to it include cattle, deer and bison. In Brazil, the disease in ruminants and deer is associated with the contact with sheep, especially during labor, when the fetal remains that are eliminated contain the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). The outbreak took place in a conservationist property in the city of Casimiro de Abreu/RJ, which hosted 23 Sambar deer, and, of these, 19 died, showing neurological signs. The deer lived in a location together with 15 male and female meat sheep. A female specimen of the Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), aged approximately three years, which had presented with neurological clinical signs was referred to necropsy in the Setor de Anatomia Patológica at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRRJ). During necropsy, cerebrospinal fluid was sampled for analysis; fragments of several organs were fixated in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathological analysis. Fragments of occipital lobe, cerebellum and bulb were collected to perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The diagnosis of this outbreak was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings, and on the amplification of the OvHV-2 DNA through PCR. The histological changes were the base to confirm the MCF case and were characterized by degeneration of vascular endothelial cells, fibrinoid vasculitis, hyperplasia and necrosis of lymphoid organs. However, PCR was an important tool to confirm the diagnosis. MCF as an important disease with nervous symptomatology in deer.(AU)

A febre catarral maligna (FCM) é uma doença infecciosa, com distribuição geográfica ampla, pansistêmica e altamente fatal. As espécies clinicamente suscetíveis incluem bovino, cervo e bisão. No Brasil, a doença em ruminantes e cervídeos está associada ao contato com ovinos, principalmente durante o parto, no qual os envoltórios fetais eliminados contém, em suas secreções, o Herpesvírus ovino-2 (OvHV-2). O surto ocorreu em uma propriedade conservacionista no município de Casimiro de Abreu/RJ, que abrigava 23 cervos exóticos, onde foram registradas a morte de 19 destes, com sinais neurológicos. Os cervos habitavam em um piquete com 15 ovinos de corte, machos e fêmeas. Um exemplar de cervo sambar (Rusa unicolor), fêmea, com aproximadamente três anos de idade, que havia apresentado sinais clínicos neurológicos foi encaminhado para necropsia no Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRRJ). Durante a necropsia foi realizada a coleta de líquido cefalorraquidiano e de fragmentos de lobo occipital, cerebelo e bulbo, para a realização de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Fragmentos de diversos órgãos foram fixados em formalina 10% tamponada e processados para a análise histopatológica. O diagnóstico do presente surto foi estabelecido com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e na amplificação do DNA do OvHV-2 através da PCR. As alterações histológicas foram a base para confirmar o caso de FCM e caracterizaram-se por degeneração de células endoteliais vasculares, vasculite fibrinoide, hiperplasia dos órgãos linfoides. Contudo, a PCR foi uma ferramenta importante para a confirmação do diagnóstico. Ressalta-se a importância da FCM na lista dos diagnósticos diferenciais de doenças que cursam com sintomatologia nervosa em cervídeos.(AU)

Teores de cobre, zinco e ferro no fígado de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) com paratuberculose / Copper, zinc and iron content in the liver of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with paratuberculosis

Com o objetivo de realizar um estudo dos teores de cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e ferro (Fe) em búfalas com paratuberculose (PTB) foram utilizadas 13 búfalas, das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus mestiços acima de três anos de idade, pertencentes a duas propriedades localizadas nos municípios de São Luiz e São Mateus, no Estado do Maranhão. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com a presença de sinais clínicos sugestivos de paratuberculose, caracterizados por estado nutricional regular a ruim, diarreia crônica líquida a semi-líquida, desidratação, edema submandibular, anestro prolongado, mastites e verminose gastrintestinal. Foi realizada biópsia retal em todos os animais, para detecção de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) por meio da qPCR, e exames histopatológicos (HE e Ziehl-Neelsen)...

In order to study copper, zinc and iron concentration in the liver of buffaloes with paratuberculosis (PTB), 13 buffalo cows above three years of age of the Murrah and Mediterranean races or their crosses were used. They originated from two farms in the municipalities of São Luís and São Mateus, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The animals were selected according to clinical signs of paratuberculosis, as diarrhea, dehydration and submandibular edema. Rectal biopsies for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) through PCR in real time (qPCR) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain were performed on all animals...

Detecção de Brucella abortus em linfonodos de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) em diferentes fases da gestação / Detection of Brucella abortus in lymph nodes of buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis) at different stages of pregnancy

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a presença do DNA de Brucella abortus e caracterizar as lesões causadas por esse agente em linfonodos de búfalas. Foram utilizadas 19 búfalas em diversos estágios de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, submetidas ao abate sanitário, das quais se coletou fragmentos de diversos linfonodos. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Amostras foram coletadas e submetidas à qPCR e histopatologia. A detecção de DNA de B. abortus nos linfonodos das búfalas avaliadas foi verificada a partir do quarto mês de gestação em sete búfalas e em uma búfala pós-parição. Os achados histológicos foram linfadenite aguda a crônica. A presença de DNA de B. abortus foi detectada em todos os grupos de linfonodos avaliados, sendo que os linfonodos mais acometidos foram os mamários...

The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus in lymph nodes of buffaloes as well as to describe the lesions caused. Nineteen buffalo cows in various stages of pregnancy, serologically positive for brucellosis and subjected to culling were used. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. Fragments of lymph nodes were collected for histopathology and qPCR. The detection of B. abortus DNA in the lymph nodes was checked from the fourth month of pregnancy in seven buffaloes and in a post-calving buffalo. Acute to chronic lymphadenitis was histologically diagnosed. B. abortus DNA was detected in all evaluated groups of lymph nodes; the mammary lymph nodes were the most affected...