ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of helminths in Thoroughbred horses in Rio de Janeiro; make correlations with risk factors for these infections; and compare the efficiency of three floatation solutions applied in the quantitative Mini-FLOTAC technique. Fecal samples from 520 horses were collected from six training centers between 2019 and 2021. These were subjected to the Mini-FLOTAC technique using three solutions: NaCl (density = 1.200 g/mL), ZnSO4 (1.350 g/mL) and ZnSO4 (1.200 g/mL); and also to qualitative techniques. Information on the horses' sex and age of horses was retrieved from the studbook; data on management from a questionnaire. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 71.9%, with significant differences between training centers (P ≤ .05). On farm C, 87.7% of the samples presented strongylids and 38.7% had Parascaris spp., with the highest egg counts per gram of feces (EPG), of 358.33 and 40.41 respectively. Horses less than 3 years of age were about eight times more likely to be parasitized by strongylids and eleven times more likely to have EPG ≥500. The NaCl solution used in Mini-FLOTAC enabled recovery of the greatest number of samples with high EPG and reached the highest sensitivity values in the diagnosis when compared to the other solutions. Moreover, in the diagnoses, the levels of agreement between the results from the solutions used in Mini-FLOTAC were substantial. However, in estimating the EPG, full agreement between the results from the solutions used in Mini-FLOTAC was not obtained.
Subject(s)
Helminths , Sodium Chloride , Animals , Horses , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Parasite Egg Count/methods , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Pediculosis mainly affects school-age children worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the knowledge of the parents and guardians of children in elementary schools in Niterói, Brazil, regarding pediculosis. Questionnaires were applied to 237 guardians of children at five 1-5 grade municipal schools. The responses were analyzed and correlated with positivity to louse infestation, detected by scalp aspiration. 73.8% of the respondents reported that their child had already been infested with lice. 32.9% presented correct responses about transmission. Incorrect responses were attributed to the air/wind, blood type and the fact that lice jump and fly. 40.1% of the respondents erroneously correlated control over the parasitosis with hygiene. A majority of the participants (58.6%) responded that pediculosis is harmful to health, while a small proportion (20.7%) considered it to be a disease. The prevalence of pediculosis was 19.8% among schoolchildren. Female sex, pruritus on the head and indifference regarding infestation were shown to be risk factors for pediculosis. The lack of perception of pediculosis as a disease may lead to naturalization of this parasitosis. Incorrect responses may add difficulty to implementation of preventive and curative approaches, which highlights the importance of dissemination of correct information about pediculosis.
Subject(s)
Lice Infestations , Pediculus , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/etiology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Parents , Prevalence , SchoolsABSTRACT
From 2012 to 2013 were surveyed gastrointestinal parasites from pig farms located in different municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples from 790 pigs were collected from the rectum on 88 family farms and 702 farms with industrial production. The samples were subjected to Faust et al., Sheather, Ritchie, Lutz and direct examination faecal techniques. The estimated parasite prevalence was 93.1% in family farms and 59.1% in industrial farms. Balantidium coli, coccidia and Entamoeba sp. were the parasites with the highest frequencies, and the male and female reproductive categories and fatteners pigs the most infected (p<0.05). Trophozoites of B. coli were most evident in stool samples from semi-solid followed by solid and diarrheal consistencies. Strongyles eggs and Trichuris suis have been detected exclusively in family farms. Ascaris suum eggs and Strongyloides ransomi showed low frequency. The high degree of parasitism, especially protozoa, indicates the need to reassess the management of pigs in both types of production...
De 2012 a 2013 foram pesquisados parasitos gastrintestinais de suínos de granjas localizadas em diferentes municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais de 790 suínos foram coletadas da ampola retal, sendo 88 de propriedades familiares e 702 de granjas com produção industrial. As amostras foram submetidas às técnicas de Faust et al., Sheather, Ritchie, Lutz e exame direto. A prevalência estimada foi de 93,1% nas granjas familiares e 59,1% nas granjas industriais. Balantidium coli, coccídios e Entamoeba sp. foram os parasitos que apresentaram as maiores frequências, sendo as categorias machos e fêmeas reprodutoras e leitões de terminação as mais infectadas (p<0,05). Trofozoítas de B. coli foram mais evidenciados nas amostras fecais de consistências semi-sólida, seguida pelas fezes com consistências sólida e diarreica. Ovos de estrongilídeos e Trichuris suis foram detectados exclusivamente em criações familiares. Ovos de Ascaris suum e de Strongyloides ransomi apresentaram baixa frequência. O alto grau de parasitismo, principalmente de protozoários, indica a necessidade de reavaliação do manejo dos suínos em ambos os tipos de produção...
Subject(s)
Animals , Balantidium/parasitology , Swine/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Balantidiasis/epidemiology , Trophozoites/parasitologyABSTRACT
Descreve-se a ocorrência da leishmaniose tegumentar em cães da localidade de Morada das Aguias (Serra da Tiririca), Maricá, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram avaliados 83 cães por meio de exames clínico, sorológico e parasitológico. Os soros de 11 (13,2 por cento) animais foram reagentes à imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e de 30 (36,1 por cento) ao ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Ulceras cutâneas e ou mucosas foram observadas em 18 (n = 83; 21,7 por cento) dos animais. Leishmania foi isolada de 11 cães. Discute-se a ocorrência da doença e a ocupação da localidade.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse CutaneousABSTRACT
This is a report of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis in Morada das Aguias (in the Serra da Tiririca mountain range), Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A clinical, serological, and parasitological survey was performed in 83 dogs. Eleven (13.2%) were positive on indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and 30 (36.1%) on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ulcerated cutaneous or mucosal lesions were observed in 18 (n = 83; 21.7%) dogs. Leishmania was isolated from 11 of the animals. The disease occurrence and local occupational characteristics are discussed.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/blood , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/blood , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Foi realizado estudo coproparasitológico em 218 crianças que frequentam creches comunitárias de Niterói/RJ e de 43 funcionários, tendo sido observada uma positividade para enteroparasitas em 120 (55 por cento) e 15(34,9 por cento) respectivamente. Dentre as amostras positivas das crianças, o parasita que apresentou maior frequência entre os protozoários foi Giardia lamblia (38,3 por cento) seguida por Entamoeba coli (26,6 por cento), Endolimax nana (17,5 por cento), Entamoeba histolytica (11,6 por cento) e Blastocystis hominis (2,5 por cento). E. coli foi o parasita mais frequente entre os funcionários. Entre os helmintos, nas crianças, o mais frequente foi Ascaris lumbricoides (30 por cento) seguido por Trichuris tricchiura (26,6 por cento), Hymenolepis nna (0,8 por cento) e Enterobius vermicularis (0,8 por cento). O monoparasitismo foi observado em 57, 5 por cento das crianças positivas. A alta incidência de enteroparasitas e em especial das protozooses sugere a possibilidade de transmissäo interpessoal entre as crianças, contaminaçäo ambiental ou mesmo a ocorrência de ingestäo de alimentos e/ou água contaminados. Tais resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementaçäo de medidas relacionadas a saneamento básico e programas contínuos visando educaçäo sanitária nas comunidades estudadas, o que possibilitará uma melhoria na condiçäo de vida das crianças e, consequentemente, melhora do aprendizado e desenvolvimento. (AU)
A parasitological survey of children from five communitary day-care centers from Niteroi/RJ Brazil, was conducted in 1999. Of 218 children surveyed, 120 (55%) had positive samples for intestinalparasite. Among protozoa, Giardia lamblia was by far the most common species, detected in 38,3% of the cases, followed by Entamoeba coli (26,6%), Endolimax nana (17,5%), Entamoeba histolytica (11,6%) and Blastocystis hominis (2,5%). For the helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides (30%) was the most frequent, followed by Trichuris trichiura (26,6%), ymenolepis nana (0,8%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0,8%). Monoparasitism was observed in 57,5% of the positive children. For the day-care center staff, Entamoeba coli was the specie with higher prevalence, probably due to ingestion of cysts in hands, food or watercontaminated with human feaces. The high incidence of intestinal parasite, specially for protozoa, suggests the possibility of person-to-person transmition between children or the occurence of ingestion of contaminated food or water. These datas show the necessity of sanitary and educational programmes implementation for a better condition of children's lifes from communitary areas of Niteroi/RJ. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Parasitic Diseases , Brazil , Child Day Care Centers , Intestinal DiseasesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminaçäo por enteroparasitas em hortaliças consumidas cruas comercializadas nas cidades de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudadas 128 amostras de hortaliças - alface (Lactuca sativa) e agriäo (Nasturtium officinale) provenientes do comércio (supermercados, feiras-livre e quitandas) e de restaurantes tipo self-services. Apenas 6,2 por cento das amostras apresentaram presença de estruturas parasitárias com morfologia semelhante as de espécies parasitas de animais. Foi encontrado presença de contaminantes como ácaros, ovos de ácaros, insetos, larvas de nematóides e protozoários ciliados em quase todas as amostras (96,1 por cento), inclusive nas de restaurantes. Este alto percentual sugere a presença de risco de infecçäo, pois associado a esses agentes poderiam existir estruturas parasitárias infectantes para o homem
