ABSTRACT
Liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) instillation has been studied experimentally as an adjuvant therapy in the preservation of lung grafts during cold ischemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether vaporized PFC is also protective of lung grafts at different cold ischemia times. We performed histological analysis of and measured oxidative stress in the lungs of animals that received only preservation solution with low-potassium dextran (LPD) or vaporized PFC together with LPD. We conclude that vaporized PFC reduces the production of free radicals and the number of pulmonary structural changes resulting from cold ischemia.
Subject(s)
Cold Ischemia/methods , Fluorocarbons/pharmacology , Lung Transplantation/methods , Lung/drug effects , Organ Preservation/methods , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Dextrans/pharmacology , Glucose/pharmacology , Humans , Lung/pathology , Organ Preservation Solutions , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) instillation has been studied experimentally as an adjuvant therapy in the preservation of lung grafts during cold ischemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether vaporized PFC is also protective of lung grafts at different cold ischemia times. We performed histological analysis of and measured oxidative stress in the lungs of animals that received only preservation solution with low-potassium dextran (LPD) or vaporized PFC together with LPD. We conclude that vaporized PFC reduces the production of free radicals and the number of pulmonary structural changes resulting from cold ischemia.
RESUMO O perfluorocarbono (PFC) líquido tem sido estudado experimentalmente como uma substância adjuvante na preservação de enxertos pulmonares durante o período de isquemia fria. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o PFC vaporizado (e não instilado) também atuaria como protetor de enxertos pulmonares em diferentes tempos de isquemia fria. Realizamos análise histológica e dosamos o estresse oxidativo em pulmões de animais que receberam somente uma solução de preservação com low-potassium dextran (LPD, dextrana com baixa concentração de potássio) ou PFC vaporizado associado a LPD. Concluímos que o PFC vaporizado reduziu a produção de radicais livres e provocou menor número de alterações estruturais pulmonares decorrentes do período de isquemia fria que o uso de LPD isoladamente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Organ Preservation/methods , Lung Transplantation/methods , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Cold Ischemia/methods , Fluorocarbons/pharmacology , Lung/drug effects , Reference Values , Time Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Dextrans/pharmacology , Organ Preservation Solutions , Glucose/pharmacology , Lung/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) levels in a rat pleural effusion obtained by inoculation of intrapleural bacteria or turpentine through thoracentesis. METHODS: Thirty-Nine Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Staphylococcus aureus (SA, n = 17); Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP, n = 12); and turpentine (control, n = 10). Pleural fluid was collected through ultrasound-guided thoracentesis 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h after instillation of bacteria or turpentine. Levels of TGFB1 were measured in pleural fluid. RESULTS: At 12 h, mean TGFB1concentrations were 5.3450 pg/mL in the SA group, 5.3449 pg/mL in the SP group, and 5.3450 pg/mL in controls. At 24 h, they were 4.6700 pg/mL in the SA group, 4.6700 pg/mL in the SP group, and 4.6700 pg/mL in controls. At 36 h, they were 4.6699 pg/mL in the SA group and in control. No difference was observed among the groups in mean TGFB1concentration (p = 0.12); however, a significant intragroup reduction in mean TGFB1 was observed between 12 and 24 h (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The transforming growth factor beta 1 concentrations were not useful as a diagnostic tool or an early marker of infected pleural effusion.
Subject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/analysis , Animals , Bacteria/pathogenicity , Biomarkers/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Empyema, Pleural/complications , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Male , Pleural Effusion/complications , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) levels in a rat pleural effusion obtained by inoculation of intrapleural bacteria or turpentine through thoracentesis. Methods: Thirty-Nine Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Staphylococcus aureus (SA, n = 17); Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP, n = 12); and turpentine (control, n = 10). Pleural fluid was collected through ultrasound-guided thoracentesis 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h after instillation of bacteria or turpentine. Levels of TGFB1 were measured in pleural fluid. Results: At 12 h, mean TGFB1concentrations were 5.3450 pg/mL in the SA group, 5.3449 pg/mL in the SP group, and 5.3450 pg/mL in controls. At 24 h, they were 4.6700 pg/mL in the SA group, 4.6700 pg/mL in the SP group, and 4.6700 pg/mL in controls. At 36 h, they were 4.6699 pg/mL in the SA group and in control. No difference was observed among the groups in mean TGFB1concentration (p = 0.12); however, a significant intragroup reduction in mean TGFB1 was observed between 12 and 24 h (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The transforming growth factor beta 1 concentrations were not useful as a diagnostic tool or an early marker of infected pleural effusion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/analysis , Pleural Effusion/complications , Bacteria/pathogenicity , Biomarkers/analysis , Empyema, Pleural/complications , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, AnimalABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) levels in a rat pleural effusion obtained by inoculation of intrapleural bacteria or turpentine through thoracentesis.Methods: Thirty-Nine Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Staphylococcus aureus (SA, n = 17); Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP, n = 12); and turpentine (control, n = 10). Pleural fluid was collected through ultrasound-guided thoracentesis 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h after instillation of bacteria or turpentine. Levels of TGFB1 were measured in pleural fluid.Results: At 12 h, mean TGFB1concentrations were 5.3450 pg/mL in the SA group, 5.3449 pg/mL in the SP group, and 5.3450 pg/mL in controls. At 24 h, they were 4.6700 pg/mL in the SA group, 4.6700 pg/mL in the SP group, and 4.6700 pg/mL in controls. At 36 h, they were 4.6699 pg/mL in the SA group and in control. No difference was observed among the groups in mean TGFB1concentration (p = 0.12); however, a significant intragroup reduction in mean TGFB1 was observed between 12 and 24 h (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The transforming growth factor beta 1 concentrations were not useful as a diagnostic tool or an early marker of infected pleural effusion.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Empyema, Pleural/chemically induced , Pleural Effusion/chemically induced , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Disease Models, Animal , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide prevalent disease and is an underlying factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been understood as a chronic inflammatory state, being associated with the production of adipokines. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of adipokines in the serum, visceral, and subcutaneous fat and to compare them with hepatic histopathology in morbidly obese patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study, which analyzed the findings of liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and who had performed analysis of adipokines mRNA expression (adiponectin-ADIPOQ, leptin-LEP, and resistin-RETN) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and circulating adipokines in serum. Liver biopsies performed were evaluated according to Kleiner criteria. RESULTS: The study analyzed 25 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The sample was composed exclusively of women. There was a predominance of NAFLD, with 21 patients (84%) with intrahepatic fat accumulation. Twelve patients presented non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were elevated in NASH patients. ADIPOQ levels were directly correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and inversely correlated with triglycerides and total cholesterol. LEP levels showed an inverse relationship with the degree of steatosis, and RETN levels showed an inverse relationship with fibrosis stages. CONCLUSION: Serum LEP levels were reduced in the presence of increased levels of intrahepatic fat, and serum levels of RETN were diminished in the presence of NASH. HbA1c levels were higher in the presence of NASH, indirectly reflecting insulin resistance. Moreover, ADIPOQ levels were related to blood lipid profile.
Subject(s)
Adipokines/blood , Intra-Abdominal Fat/chemistry , Liver/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Subcutaneous Fat/chemistry , Adult , Bariatric Surgery , Biopsy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology , Liver/chemistry , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/pathology , Subcutaneous Fat/pathologyABSTRACT
RC-3095, a selective GRPR antagonist, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in different models of inflammation. However, its protective effect on lungs submitted to lung ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been addressed before. Then, we administrated RC-3095 intravenously before and after lung reperfusion using an animal model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) by clamping the pulmonary hilum. Twenty Wistar rats were subjected to an experimental model in four groups: SHAM, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), RC-Pre, and RC-Post. The final mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in IR and RC-Pre compared to their values before reperfusion (P < 0.001). The RC-Post group showed significant decrease of partial pressure of arterial oxygen at the end of the observation when compared to baseline (P = 0.005). Caspase-9 activity was significantly higher in the RC-Post as compared to the other groups (P < 0.013). No significant differences were observed in eNOS activity among the groups. The groups RC-Pre and RC-Post did not show any significant decrease in IL-1ß (P = 0.159) and TNF-α (P = 0.260), as compared to IR. The histological score showed no significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, RC-3095 does not demonstrate a protective effect in our LIRI model. Additionally, its use after reperfusion seems to potentiate cell damage, stimulating apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Bombesin/analogs & derivatives , Lung Diseases/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Receptors, Bombesin/antagonists & inhibitors , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Animals , Bombesin/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Lung Diseases/drug therapy , Lung Diseases/pathology , Male , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Bombesin/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of liquid endobronchial perfluorocarbon (PFC) administered before reperfusion in an animal model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Eighteen Wistar rats were subjected to an experimental model of selective left pulmonary artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The animals were divided into three groups: the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, the sham group, and the PFC group. We recorded the hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis, and histology. A Western blot assay was used to measure the inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspase 3, and nuclear factor ÒB (subunit p65) activities. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation among the groups. The superoxide dismutase activity was increased (P < 0.05) in the PFC-treated group. The expressions of nuclear factor ÒB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase 3 were significantly lower in the PFC group than in the IR group (P < 0.05). The histologic analysis showed a reduction in lung injuries in the PFC group compared with the sham and IR groups. CONCLUSION: The use of endobronchial PFC reduces the inflammatory response, preserves the alveolar structure, and protects the lungs against the hazardous effects of ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Fluorocarbons/administration & dosage , Fluorocarbons/therapeutic use , Lung/blood supply , Lung/pathology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Administration, Inhalation , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Blood Gas Analysis , Caspase 3/metabolism , Fluorocarbons/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hemodynamics/physiology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Lung/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/pathologyABSTRACT
A infecçäo por Capilária hepática é rara em humanos sendo, a maioria dos casos, diagnosticados à autópsia. Os autores relatam um caso de diagnóstico histopatológico em um menino de 17 meses; apresentam sua evoluçäo clínico-laboratorial e destacam o sucesso obtido com a terapêutica empregada
Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Nematode Infections/pathology , Capillaria , Follow-Up Studies , Nematode Infections/drug therapy , Nitrophenols/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Pyrantel Tartrate/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Discutem-se os achados da autópsia de uma criança de dois anos de idade, feminina, portadora de retinoblastoma unilateral, com enucleaçäo prévia, que apresentou propagaçäo para a regiäo supra-selar, além de metástases à distância
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Female , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/secondary , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/pathology , Subarachnoid SpaceABSTRACT
O neuroblastoma é um dos tumores sólidos mais comuns no grupo pediátrico, contribuindo com aproximadamente 50% das neoplasias neonatais. A supra-renal é o sítio primário mais freqüentemente acometido. No presente trabalho, os autores realizam uma revisäo bibliográfica sobre neuroblastomas da supra-renal, dando ênfase ao diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico