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1.
IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot ; 2023: 1-6, 2023 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37941278

ABSTRACT

Foot drop is a gait disturbance characterized by difficulty in performing ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase of the gait cycle. Current available evidence shows that functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the musculature responsible for dorsal ankle flexion during gait can have positive effects on walking ability. This study aims to present a proof of concept for a novel easy-to-use FES system and evaluates the biomechanical effects during gait in stroke patients, compared to unassisted walking. Gait was quantitatively evaluated in a movement analysis laboratory for five subjects with chronic stroke, in basal condition without assistance and in gait assisted with FES. Improvements were found in all temporospatial parameters during FES-assisted gait, evidenced by statistically significant differences only in gait speed (p=0.02). Joint kinematics showed positive changes in hip abduction and ankle dorsiflexion variables during the swing phase of the gait cycle. No significant differences were found in the Gait Deviation Index. In conclusion, the present pilot study demonstrates that the use of this FES system in the tibialis anterior muscle can cause gait functional improvements in subjects with foot drop due to chronic stroke.


Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy , Gait Disorders, Neurologic , Peroneal Neuropathies , Stroke , Wearable Electronic Devices , Humans , Pilot Projects , Peroneal Neuropathies/complications , Gait/physiology , Walking/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology
2.
Int Orthop ; 46(4): 889-895, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35059771

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: Case series study. PURPOSE: To describe demographic metrics, and clinical and radiographical outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with ankylosed spine (ASP) such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-ankylosed spines (NAS) suffering from hyperextension-distraction spine fractures. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with hyperextension-distraction fractures between 2012 and 2020 were identified. A retrospective analysis of clinical and surgical data was performed. Similarities between patients with ASP and NAS were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients, 13 had ASP (10 patients with DISH, 3 AS) and nine NAS. Most of these injuries involved the thoracolumbar spine (45.4%). All patients with NAS presented some sign of spondylosis: facet joint degeneration, intervertebral osteochondrosis, and anterolateral osteophytes. None of the patients with NAS and 30.7% with ASP suffered low-energy mechanisms (p = .11). All the patients with NAS and 61% of the patients with ASP had associated injuries (p = .04). On average, the instrumented levels were four (range, 2-6), achieving a fusion rate of 94.7% in all groups. Most of the ASP and NAS presented post-operative complications respectively (p = .65). CONCLUSION: Hyperextension-distraction spine fractures are not unique in ASP. In patients with spondylosis and high-energy accidents, we should suspect those fractures and rule out associated injuries, fractures in other vertebral segments, and acute spinal cord injury. The four-level instrumentation achieved an effective fusion rate in all patients.


Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal , Spinal Fractures , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Spondylosis , Fractures, Bone/complications , Humans , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/complications , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Fractures/etiology , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery , Spondylosis/complications
3.
Andes Pediatr ; 92(1): 138-150, 2021 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34106195

ABSTRACT

Neonatal care has undergone important advances involving the technology for treatment and mo nitoring, the design of care spaces, the incorporation of support professionals, and, especially, the strengthening of an organizational model in networks with centers of different levels of care. Neona tal units should be located in centers with maternity services and, ideally, with pediatric ones of an equivalent level of care. This document defines the admission and transfer criteria according to the level of care and among the different levels, respectively. The evidence recommends an individual room design due to the associated benefits such as decreased occurrence and better control of health care-associated infections, improved breastfeeding, and better interaction with parents. The sugges ted room sizes favor the implementation of the family-centered care model. These recommendations establish the possibility of performing emergency surgical procedures in the neonatal unit and define the safety criteria of the physical plant. In addition, they define the human resources according to the level of care, recognizing the time dedicated to non-direct patient care activities, , and the re quirements of non-medical professionals such as psychologists, physical and respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, pharmacists, dietitians, and social workers. Neonatal care should be led by the neonatologist allowing the participation of general pediatricians with training and demonstrated experience in neonatal care. Midwives and neonatal nurses should have accredited formation in such area. The purpose of this document is to update the "Recommendations on the Organization, Characteristics and Operation of Neonatology Services or Units" to serve as an orien tation and guide for the design and management of neonatal care in public and private health care centers in the country.


Subject(s)
Neonatology , Emergencies , Family , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/organization & administration , Neonatal Nursing , Neonatologists , Neonatology/methods , Neonatology/organization & administration , Nurseries, Hospital/organization & administration , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Pediatricians , Surgical Procedures, Operative
4.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(1): 135-155, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893313

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La Caries Temprana de la Infancia (CTI) es una forma de caries dental agresiva que afecta a niños, y en el último reporte nacional reveló una prevalencia de caries del 50 % en niños de 4 años de edad de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (Soto et al., 2007). El objetivo de este estudio es validar un cuestionario que permita recolectar información relacionada con diversos factores de riesgo de caries en niños preescolares. Para la validación del cuestionario se determinó la validez de convergencia y discriminación, la consistencia interna y la confiabilidad test retest del instrumento en dos muestras independientes. Se aplicó el instrumento al cuidador principal de 118 preescolares entre 24 a 71 meses de edad, que asisten a jardines infantiles de dependencia particular (bajo riesgo de caries) y la Fundación INTEGRA (alto riesgo de caries) en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile. Se realizaron exámenes clínicos dentales por 2 odontólogos calibrados utilizando en el criterio OMS e ICDAS II. Se estimó un modelo de regresión logística y se evalúo la capacidad de discriminación del puntaje a través de una curva ROC. El cuestionario mostró una validez de discriminación de 0,95 entre ambos grupos y de la pregunta global 0,61 y una consistencia interna del cuestionario de 0,72. En la validez de convergencia se encontró que no existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje del cuestionario y la pregunta global dicotomizada (OD) 1,061. No obstante, se evidenció que si existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje del cuestionario y el grupo riesgo de caries (bajo y alto) (OD) 1,961. La estabilidad temporal mediante comparaciones Test - Retest calculado con el índice de Kappa osciló entre 0,37 a 1. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que el presente cuestionario es un instrumento válido para discriminar riesgo de caries, permitiendo un mejor análisis de los determinantes de la caries dental en la población preescolar chilena.


ABSTRACT: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is an aggressive form of tooth decay, and the last national unpublished reports reveal a caries prevalence of 50 % at 4 years of age in children, in the Santiago Metropolitan Region (Soto et al., 2007). The objective of this study is to validate a questionnaire that allows the collection of information related to several caries risk factors in preschoolchildren. For the validation of the questionnaire, the convergence and discrimination validity, the internal consistency and the retest, test reliability of the instrument were determined in two independent samples. The instrument was applied to the main caregiver of 118 preschoolers between 24 and 71 months of age, who attend private childcare centers (low caries risk) and the INTEGRA Foundation childcare (high caries risk) in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Dental clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists using the OMS and ICDAS II criteria. A logistic regression model was estimated and the ability to discriminate the score through an ROC curve was evaluated. The questionnaire showed a validity of discrimination of 0.95 between both groups and of the global question 0.61 and an internal consistency of the questionnaire of 0.72. In the convergence validity, it was found that there is no statistically significant association between the questionnaire score and the dichotomized global question (RE) 1.061. However, it was evidenced that there is a statistically significant association between the questionnaire score and the caries risk group (low and high) (OD) 1.961. Temporal stability by means of Test - Retest comparisons calculated with the Kappa index ranged from 0.37 to 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the present questionnaire is a valid instrument for discriminating caries risk, allowing a better analysis of the determinants of dental caries in the Chilean preschool population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries Susceptibility/physiology , Algorithms , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , ROC Curve , Risk Assessment , Dental Caries/microbiology
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(1): 45-50, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679042

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El Streptococcus anginosus (SA) es un habitante común de la cavidad oral y tracto gastrointestinal, y puede ser un patógeno agresivo causante de abscesos en varios sitios del cuerpo. Aparentemente, su rol en infecciones de cabeza y cuello está adquiriendo cierta notoriedad y no está claramente reportado en la literatura. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las implicancias clínicas de estas infecciones en otorrinolaringología. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados microbiológicamente con infecciones causadas por Streptococcus anginosus, tratados en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau entre los años 2007 a 2012. Se describen las características clínicas, microbiológicas y el manejo de los pacientes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 9 casos, 3 hombres y 6 mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 52 años (rango 6-70). Los sitios de infección fueron: absceso periamigdalino (2 casos), un absceso peritraqueostoma, un absceso submandibular, un absceso submentoniano, un absceso parafaríngeo con extensión retrofaríngea y mediastino, un caso de absceso cerebral frontal secundario a sinusitis frontal complicada, un caso de otitis media crónica activa, y un caso de sinusitis maxilar crónica. Discusión: El SA ha sido reportado como un agente causal de infecciones potencialmente graves en cabeza y cuello. Su identificación requiere de consideraciones especiales para el cultivo, y al ser un microorganismo común puede ser confundido e informado como S viridans o Streptococcus anaeróbico. Es importante reconocer al SA como un patógeno a considerar en infecciones de cabeza y cuello.


Introduction: Streptococcus anginosus (SA) is a common inhabitant of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and can be an aggressive pathogen causing abscesses in various body sites. Apparently, its role in head and neck infections is gaining some notoriety that it is not clearly reported in the literature. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of this infections in otolaryngology. Material and method: A retrospective case series study of all patients diagnosed microbiologically with Streptococcus anginosus infections treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, HospitalBarros Luco-Trudeau from 2007 to 2012. We describe the clinical and microbiological features, and treatment of each patient. Results: The sample consisted of 9 patients, 3 men and 6 women, with a median age of 52 years (range 6-70). The sites of infection were: peritonsillar abscess (2 cases), peritracheostomy abscess, submandibular abscess, submental abscess, parapharyngeal abscess with retropharyngeal and mediastinal extension, a case of frontal brain abscess secondary to frontal sinusitis, a case of otitis chronic active half, and one case of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Discussion: SA has been reported as a causative agent ofpotentially serious infections in the head and neck region. Their identification requires special considerations for growing, and because of being a common microorganism may be confused and informed as Streptococcus viridans or anaerobic streptococcus. It is important to recognize SA as a relevant pathogen in head and neck infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/surgery , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/drug therapy , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Streptococcal Infections/surgery , Streptococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Drainage , Retrospective Studies , Streptococcus anginosus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 72(3): 267-272, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-676838

ABSTRACT

La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa (DISH) o enfermedad de Forestier es una patología que presenta como principal manifestación la osificación del ligamento longitudinal anterior (LLA) y la formación de puentes óseos intervertebrales. Las repercusiones otorrinolaringológicas con poca frecuencia son descritas, siendo la disfagia, la disfonía y la disnea los síntomas más comunes. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de DISH en pacientes de sexo masculino de setenta y cuatro años y otro de setenta y un años respectivamente, con disfagia de varias semanas de evolución asociado a disfonía y disnea en un caso. Realizamos la discusión de ambos casos y de las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas de esta patología.


Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hiperostosis (DISH) or Forester's disease is a pathology characterized by the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and the formation of intervertebral osseous bridges. The otolaryngology repercussions are rarely described, dysphagia, hoarseness and dyspnea being the most common symptoms. We present a clinical case of two patients with DISH in a 74 year-old male patient and another of 71 year-old respectively, suffering from several weeks of dysphagia associated with dysphonia and dyspnea in one case. We are going to discuss both cases together with the otolaryngological manifestations of this pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/complications , Dyspnea/etiology , Dysphonia/etiology , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/surgery , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
7.
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal ; 17(2): e320-4, 2012 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22143693

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Some studies report that atopic patients have a greater frequency of delayed-type sensitization than non-atopic patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the atopic condition on delayed sensitization to dental materials. DESIGN: cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty (40) atopic subjects and forty (40) non-atopic subjects, of both sexes, between 20 and 65 years of age were included. The determination of delayed sensitization to dental materials was performed using patch test. An oral exam was also carried out to check for lesions of the oral mucosa. RESULTS: 61.25% of the patients were positive for delayed-type sensitization to one or more allergens, being palladium chloride (21.25%), ammoniated mercury (20%), benzoyl peroxide (12.5%) and amalgam (10%) the most frequent. The frequency of sensitization was 67.5% in the group of atopic patients, compared to 55% in the non atopic group (p>0.05). The materials with the greatest difference of sensitization in atopic compared to non-atopic patients were ammoniated mercury, benzoyl peroxide, amalgam and Bisphenol A Dimethacrylate (BIS-GMA). CONCLUSION: The atopic condition is not related to a higher frequency of delayed sensitization to a battery of dental materials.


Subject(s)
Dental Materials/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/complications , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
8.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 80(3): 261-266, jun. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547844

ABSTRACT

Magnesium Sulfate is currently the treatment of choice for severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Since it crosses the placenta, magnesium can reach high levels in fetal plasma, occasionally reaching levels higher than maternal plasma. Objective: To analyze a 35 weeks gestational age newborn, who presented hypermagnesemia due to maternal treatment with magnesium sulfate (in routine dosage) indicated for severe preeclampsia. Clinical Case: The mother was infused with MgS04 for 17 hours until pregnancy was interrupted because of fetal monitoring. The baby weighed 2,620 grams, was depressed, hypotonic, cyanotic and without respiratory effort and only partially responded to initial resuscitation with positive pressure ventilation. The infant was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for monitoring, support and management. High levels of plasma MgS04 were found (4.7 mg/dl), compatible with the diagnosis of hypermagnesemia. Symptoms and signs slowly disappeared, and the child was discharged after 10 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: We present the clinical case of a newborn with a history of maternal use of magnesium sulfate, who presented hypermagnesemia characterized by neonatal depression, hypotonia, central apnea with oxygen requirement and who progressively normalized in a 10 day period.


El Sulfato de Magnesio es actualmente el medicamento de elección para el tratamiento de la embarazada con preeclampsia severa y eclampsia. Dado que atraviesa la placenta, alcanza elevados niveles en el plasma fetal, pudiendo en ocasiones superar la concentración plasmática materna. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de un neonato de 36 semanas de edad gestacional que cursó con cuadro de hipermagnesemia secundario a tratamiento materno con sulfato de magnesio en dosis habituales, indicado como terapia de una preeclampsia severa. Caso clínico: Madre recibe infusión de MgS04 por un total de 17 hrs antes de decidirse la interrupción del embarazo por vía alta debido a un registro sospechoso. Se obtuvo recién nacido de 2 620 gramos, deprimido, sin esfuerzo respiratorio, hipotónico y cianótico, que respondió parcialmente a la reanimación inicial con ventilación a presión positiva. Se decidió ingreso a Cuidados Intensivos de la Unidad de Neonatología para monitorización, soporte y manejo. Se detectaron niveles plasmáticos elevados de MgS04 de 4,7 mg/dL compatibles con el diagnóstico de Hipermagnesemia. La signología fue disminuyendo progresivamente, decidiéndose el alta luego de 10 días de hospitalización. Conclusión: Se presenta caso clínico de un recién nacido, con antecedente de sulfato de magnesio administrado a la madre y que evoluciona con un cuadro de hipermagnesemia caracterizado por depresión neonatal, apneas centrales, requerimientos de oxígeno e hipotonía, los cuales van normalizándose progresivamente en el curso de 10 días.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Magnesium/poisoning , Pre-Eclampsia/drug therapy , Magnesium Sulfate/adverse effects , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Magnesium/blood
9.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 15(1): 46-50, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-579551

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 42-year-old male patient presenting with trauma history and lumbar spine axial compression which caused a herniated nucleus pulposus at lumbar level, revealed through MRI. After a four-day evolution period, fever and laboratory alterations indicative of an infectious process appear without signs of neurologic involvement. Hemoculture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and MRI showed the presence of a lumbar spinal abscess secondary to infected epidural hematoma. The patient was treated with antibiotics, being given ceftriaxone, metronidazol, and gentamicin as an initial theraphy switched subsecuently to cloxaciline and cefazoline, He showed a favourable evolution, completing a six-week period of endovenous treatment plus four weeks receiving oral therapy The patient was discharged in good condition with no neurologic deficit.


Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 42 años con historia de trauma y compresión axial de la columna lumbar que originó una hernia de núcleo pulposo a nivel lumbar, demostrada mediante resonancia magnética. Al cuarto día de evolución aparece fiebre y alteraciones de laboratorio concordantes con infección, sin signos de compromiso neurológico. El hemocultivo resulta positivo para staphylococcus aureus. La resonancia magnética demuestra presencia de absceso espinal lumbar, que impresiona secundario a hematoma epidural infectado. El paciente es tratado médicamente, con antibioticoterapia que incluye inicial mente ceftriaxona/ metronidazol/ gentamicina y posteriormente cloxacilina/cefazotina, con buena evolución, completando 6 semanas por vía endovenosa y 4 vía oral. Su evolución fue favorable, siendo dado de alta en buenas condiciones y sin déficit neurológico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Epidural Abscess/diagnosis , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Epidural Abscess/microbiology , Epidural Abscess/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
10.
Med Mycol ; 46(8): 783-93, 2008 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18608938

ABSTRACT

The term periodontitis encompasses several polymicrobial infectious diseases, of multifactorial etiology, with chronic and aggressive forms. In spite of the etiopathogenic differences between these two forms of the disease, few studies have analyzed the subgingival colonization by yeast. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of the yeast microbiota present in the mucosa and subgingival sites of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. For this, samples were recovered from these two locations and the yeast recovered identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Patients with chronic periodontitis showed significant differences in relation to the other groups with respect to carrier status (69.2% versus 35.7% of healthy individuals; [chi(i)(2) test; p=0.014]), the total number of isolated colony forming units or CFU (mean and ranges 281.6 (0-6048) [K-W(2)=6.998; p=0.03]), the Simpson diversity index (I) in site b (I(b)=0.344 versus healthy subjet and aggresive periodontitis where I=0 [multiple t-test comparisons with the Bonferronni correction, p<0.05]), and the species profile. Interestingly, in spite of the varied profiles of the species present in the mucosa of the three groups analyzed we noted that only C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were capable of colonizing the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, while only C. albicans was identified in the subgingiva of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive periodontitis.


Subject(s)
Aggressive Periodontitis/microbiology , Candida/isolation & purification , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Mouth/microbiology , Periodontal Pocket/microbiology , Adult , Aggressive Periodontitis/epidemiology , Aggressive Periodontitis/pathology , Analysis of Variance , Candida/classification , Candida/growth & development , Candida albicans/classification , Candida albicans/growth & development , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Carrier State/microbiology , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Chronic Periodontitis/epidemiology , Chronic Periodontitis/pathology , Colony Count, Microbial/methods , Female , Gingiva/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Periodontal Pocket/epidemiology , Periodontal Pocket/pathology , Prevalence , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 14(1): 36-38, 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-516228

ABSTRACT

Traumatic lumbosacral nerve root avulsion it's an infrequent injury that appears in association with pelvic and lumbar fractures or hip dislocations. We describe a clinical case of traumatic avulsion at the LI lumbar root in a patient victim of an accident of high energy, without associate injuries. Magnetic resonance demonstrated traumatic pseudomenin-gocele at the LI lumbar root. The use of intrathecal gadolinium allowed us to confirm diagnosis and evaluate extension. Seven months later, patient returns to its labour activities with minimum pain.


La avulsión traumática de una raíz lumbo-sacra es una lesión poco frecuente que se presenta en asociación con fracturas lumbares y pélvicas o luxaciones de cadera. Se describe un caso clínico de avulsión traumática de la raíz lumbar L1 derecha, en un paciente de 63 años, víctima de un accidente de alta energía, quien no presentó lesiones asociadas. La resonancia magnética mostró un pseudomeningocele traumático de Ll y el estudio con gadolinio intratecal permitió confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar la extensión. Luego de 7 meses de evolución, el paciente retornó a sus actividades laborales con mínimas molestias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Radiculopathy/diagnosis , Electromyography , Gadolinium , Lumbosacral Region , Meningocele/complications , Radiculopathy/etiology
12.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 49(1): 7-13, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559452

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Evaluate the use of selective nerve root blocks in the treatment of primary lateral lumbar disc herniation (foraminal and/or extraforaminal). Method: Retrospective case series. We identified all the patients who underwent a selective nerve root block in our hospital between January 2001 and June 2006. We selected patients with primary lateral and far lateral lumbar disc herniation. We excluded those with previous spine surgery or with other type of spine pathologies. Relevant data was gathered and statistically analyzed (using Fisher’s exact test) to determine possible associations between the evaluated variables and treatment failure (i.e. the need for spine surgery). Results: We identified 24 patients (8 women and 16 men), mean age 54 years (33-75), with a median follow up of 40 months (14-75). The most frequent level of the herniation was L3-L4 (41,6 percent),followed by L4-L5 (37,5 percent). Sixteen patients (66,6 percent) had foraminal herniations, 2 patients had extraforaminal herniations, while the remaining 6 patients had both foraminal and extraforaminal herniations. Five patients (20,8 percent) presented treatment failure, requiring spine surgery. No statistically significant differences were detected among age, sex, paresis and previous epidural infiltrations with treatment failure. A clear tendency of association between treatment failure and patients under a workers’ compensation program was observed. We identified a statistically relevant higher treatment failure rate in heavy workers and patients with L3-L4 disc herniations. Conclusion: In this series, selective nerve root blocks had an 79,2 percent success rate, considering prevention of spine surgery as the main endpoint, with an adequate follow up. Heavy workers and L3-L4 disc herniations had a higher treatment failure rate.


Objetivo: Evaluar resultados del tratamiento con bloqueo radicular selectivo (BRS) en pacientes con hernia del núcleo pulposo (HNP) lumbar primaria lateral (foraminal y extraforaminal). Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos. Se realizó búsqueda de todos los pacientes tratados con bloqueos radiculares selectivos en nuestro hospital, entre enero de 2001 y junio de 2006. Se seleccionaron pacientes con diagnóstico de HNP lumbar primaria lateral. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes con cirugía de columna previa o con patología de otro tipo. Se consignaron los datos relevantes y se realizó un análisis estadístico contest exacto de Fisher para evaluar la relación entre las variables categóricas estudiadas y el fracaso del tratamiento, definido como la necesidad de cirugía. Resultados: Se identificaron 24 pacientes (8 mujeres y 16 hombres), edad promedio 54 años (33-75). Mediana de seguimiento de 40 meses (14-75). La localización más frecuente de la HNP fue el nivel L3-L4 (41,6 por ciento), seguido por L4-L5 (37,5 por ciento). El 66,6 por ciento de los casos (16 pacientes) correspondían a una HNP foraminal, 2 pacientes tenían una HNP extraforaminal y en 6 pacientes la hernia se ubicaba tanto en la forámina como en el espacio extraforaminal. Cinco pacientes (20,8 por ciento) presentaron falla al tratamiento, requiriendo cirugía de resección herniaria. No se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la edad, sexo, paresia asociada e infiltraciones previas con la necesidad de cirugía. Existió una clara tendencia de asociación entre la necesidad de cirugía y aquellos pacientes sometidos a compensación. Se identificó un mayor fracaso de tratamiento, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa, en aquellos pacientes que realizaban trabajo pesado y en los que presentaban una HNP en nivel L3-L4. Conclusiones: En esta serie, el BRS tiene un 79,2 por ciento de éxito en el manejo de los pacientes con HNP lumbar primaria lateral...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Nerve Block/methods , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/therapy , Lumbar Vertebrae , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 48(1): 7-11, 2007. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503366

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of epidurals steroids injections in the conservative management of sciatica, due to a hemiated nucleus pulposus, is still matter of controversy. We conduced a retrospectively study to evaluate the results of this therapy in patients under labor compensation. Between January 2001 and December 2003, 319 patients were treated with epidural steroids injections in our hospital. We excluded those with previous radicular lumbar pain, prior spine surgery or absolutely indication of surgical management, entering the study a total of 116. Mean follow up was 58 months (42-78). In conclusion, the use of epidurals steroids injections in patients under labor compensation with radicular lumbar pain has a successful rate of 35.4%, avoiding surgical treatment. The analysis of the sub-groups did not show statistical differences, so we couldn 't identify risk factors for the failure of this procedure.


La eficacia del uso de corticoides epidurales en el manejo conservador de una hernia del núcleo pulposo lumbar sintomática, es materia de controversia. Este estudio retrospectivo tiene el objetivo de evaluar los resultados, a través del requerimiento de cirugía, del tratamiento con corticoides epidurales en pacientes con síndrome de dolor lumbar radicular (SDLr) producido por una HNP sometidos a compensación. Se revisaron las fichas de los pacientes a los que se les practicó este procedimiento en nuestro hospital en un periodo de 3 años. Se excluyeron los pacientes con cuadro de SDLr previo, cirugía de columna previa o que cumplieran criterios quirúrgicos absolutos. Se trataron 319 pacientes con inyección epidural de corticoides en nuestro hospital entre los años estudiados, ingresando al estudio 116 casos. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 58 meses (42-78). En 75 pacientes (64,6%) fracasó este tratamiento requiriendo de cirugía de resección hemiaria. En conclusión, el uso de corticoides epidurales en pacientes con SDLr sometidos a compensación tiene un éxito en el grupo estudiado de un 35,4%, evitando la cirugía. El análisis de los subgrupos no mostró diferencias estadísticas, por lo cual no se pudo identificar parámetros que constituyeran factores pronósticos para el fracaso de esta técnica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Radiculopathy/drug therapy , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Low Back Pain/etiology , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Injections, Epidural , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Radiculopathy/etiology , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome
14.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 47(1): 33-40, 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-459243

ABSTRACT

La infección en la cirugía espinal, es poco frecuente, pero desastrosa complicación. Aumenta significativamente la morbilidad, costos y sufrimiento para el paciente. En la presente revisión basada en la literatura, nos centramos en la incidencia, factores de riesgo, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones post operatorias de columna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spine/surgery , Surgical Wound Infection/diagnosis , Surgical Wound Infection/therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/surgery , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
15.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 47(4): 169-174, 2006. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559444

ABSTRACT

Thirty one patients with thoracolumbar fractures secondary a jump inside a motor vehicle over a speed bump were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated in the Hospital del Trabajador Santiago between 1996 and 2005. 83 percent of the patients were female and 54.8 percent presented comorbidities. 30 had an accident in a bus, 90 percent seated in the last seat. 100 percent fractures were a type A. Seven patients were surgically treated, with two cases of permanent disability with chronic pain. Mean rest time was 108 days. We analyzed the mechanism of injury, the importance of the injury and the law in Chile related to the construction of these safety devices, concluding a rationalization of these speed bumps is necessary.


Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de 31 pacientes con fractura toracolumbar secundaria a salto en vehículo motorizado sobre un lomo de toro, tratados en el Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago (HTS) entre los años 1996 y 2005. El 83 por ciento de los pacientes fueron mujeres, y 54.8 por ciento presentaban comorbilidades. Treinta se accidentaron en microbús, 90 por ciento sentados en el último asiento. 100 por ciento fracturas fuero tipo A sin compromiso neurológico. Siete pacientes requirieron cirugía, en dos casos se otorgó incapacidad. Tiempo de reposo promedio e 108 días. Se analiza el mecanismo de lesión, la gravedad y la normativa vigente en Chile sobre la confección de dispositivos de seguridad, concluyendo que es necesaria la racionalización de estos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology , Spinal Fractures/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Spinal Fractures/therapy , Obesity/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 70(3): 173-179, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-449834

ABSTRACT

Epignathus es una forma infrecuente de teratoma de localización orofaríngea que protruye por la boca y se asocia a una alta tasa de mortalidad causada por obstrucción severa de la vía aérea en el período neonatal. La clave del éxito del manejo de la obstrucción es a través del diagnóstico prenatal precoz y la ejecución controlada del EXIT (ex-utero intrapartum treatment), procedimiento utilizado para asegurar la vía aérea fetal. Describimos un caso de epignathus gigante y la aplicación del EXIT para el manejo de la vía aérea a través de la preservación del intercambio gaseoso uteroplacentario.


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Teratoma/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Prenatal Diagnosis
17.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 73(5): 471-477, sept.-oct. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-326115

ABSTRACT

Los programas de formación médica deberían alcanzar criterios y destrezas en los educandos, que condujeran a evaluaciones concordantes ante una misma situación clínica. Hipótesis: un sistema de puntaje (Tal) para calificar estado clínico en patología respiratoria, que agrupa diferentes signos, genera mayor concordancia entre observadores que cada elemento integrante (diferencia de 0,20 o mayor en el índice kappa). Material y método: muestra: parejas de internos (n=70) y médicos alumnos del Programa de Especialización en Pediatría (APE) (n=30) evaluaron a 345 niños con patología respiratoria aguda (167 y 178 cada grupo respectivamente), según puntaje de Tal modificado. Se evaluó el sistema de puntaje, consignando además edad del paciente, género, estado nutricional y diagnósticos de ingreso. Estudio estadístico: comparación de proporciones por X elevado 2 y de índices kappa. Resultados: el puntaje de Tal, por internos, mostró kappa de 0,515 y los signos individuales, de 0,080 a 0,379. En APE, 0,230 y 0,163 a 0,277, respectivamente. Una agrupación con menos categorías no mostró ventajas. Ambos grupos de examinadores sólo difirieron en el puntaje total, más concordante entre internos que médicos. Al comparar kappa para cada signo con el resultado del puntaje de TAI, se detectó cambio significativo sólo en internos y para sibilancias y cianosis, en cuatro categorias (p<0,05). Conclusión: la concordancia encontrada es escasa, tanto para un sólo signo como para el conjunto y no mejora al reducir las categorias de evaluación. La propuesta de Tal genera mejor concordancia que los signos aislados sólo en internos y para cianosis o sibilancias. Es indispensable revisar los objetivos y métodos de los programas docentes, para alcanzar entre los educandos, un nivel de acuerdo mayor en la valoración clínica de los enfermos


Subject(s)
Humans , Achievement , Education, Medical/trends , Pediatrics , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Clinical Competence , Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System
18.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 43(2): 55-68, 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-321625

ABSTRACT

Entre enero de 1994 y diciembre del 2000 en el Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago se trataron quirúrgicamente 48 pacientes con fracturas toracolumbares tipo C según la clasificación AO, (42 hombres y 6 mujeres). El 67 por ciento presentaba compromiso neurológico (32/48). Fueron manejados con abordaje posterior, reducción, descompresión, artrodesis posterolateral y estabilización con instrumentación USS. Se realizó seguimiento radiológico, neurológico y evaluación clínica tardía. El trauma de alta energía fue la etiología más frecuente. Un 66 por ciento de los pacientes presentaba lesiones asociadas. De acuerdo a la clasificación AO fueron: C1 15 por ciento, C2 31 por ciento y C3 54 por ciento. Las lesiones C3 tuvieron un 80 por ciento compromiso neurológico. 14,6 por ciento tenía otra lesión espinal. Se observó un 10,2 por ciento de complicaciones precoces: 2 infecciones superficiales, 2 infecciones profundas y un Schantz mal posicionado. En 15 lesiones parciales se obtuvo mejoría neurológica en la escala de Frankel. A los 2 años la evaluación radiológica demostró pérdida de corrección cifótica de 4º. Un 71 por ciento de los pacientes se reincorporó al mundo laboral. En esta serie, la resolución quirúrgica por medio de la instrumentación, reducción y artrodesis corta por vía posterior demostró buenos resultados clínicos, radiológicos, de recuperación neurológica y sociolaboral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Spinal Fractures , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Accidental Falls , Accidents, Traffic , Fracture Fixation/instrumentation , Fracture Fixation/methods , Spinal Fractures , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery
19.
Pediatría (Santiago de Chile) ; 41(3/4): 98-102, jul.-dic. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267702

ABSTRACT

El vólvulo del sigmoides es una patología rara e infrecuente en niños y por lo tanto de baja sospecha y diagnóstico tardío. Puede ocurrir en distintos sitios del colon, siendo la forma de presentación mas frecuente a nivel del sigmoides (70 por ciento ). Se manifiesta como obstrucción intestinal baja (90 por ciento) y masas palpable (42 por ciento). Se describe asociación con retardo mental, E. de Hirschprung, sífilis congénita, constipación crónica y dieta rica en fibras (población africana). El diagnóstico se realiza por enema baritada, el que a su vez puede ser terapéutico si no existen complicaciones. Se describe cronicidad en algunos casos, con patrón de torsión y destorsión y vasos prominentes en la raíz de mesenterio que explicaría mayor resistencia a isquemia y necrosis. En casos específicos con necrosis delimitadas se describe anastomosis término terminal primaria. Se describe el único caso ocurrido en los últimos 15 años en el Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Roberto del Río


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Sigmoid Diseases/complications , Meckel Diverticulum/complications , Enema/statistics & numerical data , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis
20.
Rev Med Chil ; 126(12): 1435-46, 1998 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10349157

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The unequivocal diagnosis of fragile Xq syndrome is based in the direct analysis of the underlying FMR-1 gene mutation, that consists in an increased number of trinucleotide CGG repetitions. AIM: To study families with fragile Xq syndrome, using the Southern technique for the analysis of the mutation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen individuals, pertaining to 6 families with fragile Xq syndrome, were studied. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular analysis using Southern technique, were done. RESULTS: Five male individuals had a clinically evident syndrome, confirmed by cytogenetic analysis that showed fragility in 10 to 29% of studied cells. One subject with a clinical picture suggesting fragile Xq had a normal cytogenetic study. The other studied subjects were the mothers of the five subjects with the syndrome, that must be carriers, and four brothers. Molecular analysis showed that seven subjects (5 males) had a complete mutation, five (4 females) were carriers of a pre mutation and three (2 males) did not have the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The Southern technique allows to verify the normal condition of FRAXA locus, identify carriers and to detect complete mutations in fragile Xq syndrome.


Subject(s)
Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Mutation , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , RNA-Binding Proteins , X Chromosome , Female , Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein , Humans , Male , Pedigree
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