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BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effect of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) on renal function is limited. OBJECTIVE: To compare the evolution of estimated renal function observed 1 year after OAGB and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in individuals with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, analytical, and retrospective cohort study. Tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: This study used a prospectively collected database of individuals who consecutively underwent bariatric surgery. Renal function was assessed by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The one-year variation in the eGFR was compared between the procedures. RESULTS: No significant differences in age, sex, obesity-associated conditions, or body mass index were observed among individuals who underwent either OAGB or RYGB. OAGB led to a significantly higher percentage of total (P = 0.007) and excess weight loss (P = 0.026). Both OAGB and RYGB led to significantly higher values of eGFR (103.9 ± 22 versus 116.1 ± 13.3; P = 0.007, and 102.4 ± 19 versus 113.2 ± 13.3; P < 0.001, respectively). The one-year variation in eGFR was 11 ± 16.2% after OAGB and 16.7 ± 26.3% after RYGB (P = 0.3). Younger age and lower baseline eGFR were independently associated with greater postoperative improvement in renal function (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with RYGB, OAGB led to an equivalent improvement in renal function 1 year after the procedure, along with greater weight loss.
Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Adult , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Weight Loss/physiology , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Kidney/physiopathology , Kidney/physiology , Body Mass Index , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-invasive markers have been developed to assess the presence and severity of liver abnormalities related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive NAFLD markers (NAFLD liver fat score [NLFS], non-invasive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis detection score [NI-NASH-DS] and fibrosis score based on four variables [FIB-4]) in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out enrolling 91 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary-level public university hospital. Non-invasive NAFLD markers were calculated using laboratory tests, clinical and anthropometric variables and diagnostic accuracy tests were calculated comparing them in relation to the gold-standard test for this analysis (histopathological evaluation). RESULTS: A total of 85.7% of the participants were female and mean age was 39.1±9.8 years. The average body mass index was 38.4±3.6 kg/m2. At histopathological examination, 84 (92.3%) patients presented with steatosis, 82 (90.1%) with some type of fibrosis; 21 (23.1%) patients were diagnosed with NASH according to the NAFLD activity score criteria. The overall accuracy of NLFS score was 58.2% for general hepatic steatosis and 61.5% for moderate to severe steatosis. The overall accuracy of FIB-4 was 95.4% for advanced fibrosis. NI-NASH-DS had a 74.7% overall accuracy for NASH. CONCLUSION: In a population of individuals with obesity, the FIB-4 score had high overall accuracy in assessing the presence of advanced liver fibrosis, whereas the NFLS and NI-NASH-DS had moderate accuracies for the assessment of steatosis and NASH, respectively.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Severity of Illness Index , Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Female , Male , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Biomarkers/blood , Retrospective Studies , Obesity/complications , Middle Aged , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Body Mass Index , Bariatric SurgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Given the importance of fibrosis in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), identifying biochemical and histopathological aspects associated with its severity is important to determine the course of disease in high-risk populations. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to investigate correlations between biochemical and histopathological variables associated with the occurrence and severity of NAFLD-related liver fibrosis in individuals with obesity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 171 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary university hospital. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological hepatic characteristics were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with the outcomes studied (severity of fibrosis staging) through simple and multiple regression models. RESULTS: Female were 87.7%, and the mean age was 38.4 ± 9.3 years. The most common histopathological abnormalities were macrovesicular steatosis (74.9%) and hepatocellular ballooning (40.4%). In the histopathological univariate analysis, liver fibrosis significantly correlated with severities of microvesicular steatosis (p = 0.003), lobular inflammation (p = 0.001), and NAS (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the degrees of microvesicular steatosis (p < 0.001) and NAS (p < 0.001) independently correlated with fibrosis severity. In the univariate biochemical analysis, fibrosis severity significantly correlated with levels of hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.004) and glucose (p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, glucose levels independently correlated with liver fibrosis degree (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Significant and independent associations were observed between the intensities of microvesicular steatosis, NAS, and glucose levels and the severity degree of liver fibrosis in individuals with obesity.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Obesity/complications , Obesity/pathology , Glucose , BiopsyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As obesity reached epidemic proportions, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also had a worrisome parallel increase. The non-invasive differentiation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from uncomplicated NAFLD remains an important challenge in current clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of the occurrence and severity of NAFLD and NASH. METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study which included individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants were histologically classified according to the presence NASH and severity of NAFLD. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical aspects were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Out of 171 individuals, 87.7% were female and the mean age was 38.4±9.3 years. The average BMI was 38±3.0 kg/m2. NAFLD was histologically confirmed in 74.9%; the commonest histopathological abnormalities were macrovesicular steatosis (74.9%) and ballooning (40.4%). Simple steatosis occurred in 30.4%, 44.4% presented with NASH, and 31% had severe NAFLD. NASH associated with higher levels of ALT (0.03), ALP (0.02), and glucose (0.02). Cutoff values were, respectively, 23 U/L, 67 U/L, and 81 mg/dL. Their concomitant use provided an 83.1% specificity for NASH. Severe NAFLD associated with diabetes (p=0.02), higher BMI (p=0.01), AST (p=0.04), ALT (p<0.01), ALP (p=0.01), glucose (p=0.02), and ferritin (p<0.01). BMI over 39.3 kg/m2 and ferritin over 178 ng/mL concomitantly provided a 70.5% accuracy for severe NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: NASH and severe NAFLD associated with higher levels of ALT, ALP, and glucose. Severe NAFLD associated with higher BMI and higher ferritin levels in this group. The concomitant evaluation of these laboratory tests could help ruling out NASH and safely screening severe NAFLD.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Ferritins , Glucose , Liver/pathology , BiopsyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), i.e., the concomitant presence of active inflammation and fibrosis, represents a milestone in the natural history of NAFLD and a critical time point in its progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the non-invasive Fibrotic NASH Index (FNI) in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, enrolling individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with liver biopsy at a tertiary university hospital. FNI was calculated, and a cutoff value was determined. Its diagnostic accuracy was then calculated through comparison with the gold standard test for this analysis (histopathological examination). RESULTS: Of 128 participants, 83.6% were female, and the average age was 39.8 ± 8.7 years. The mean BMI was 38.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2. NAFLD was histologically confirmed in 76.6%, of which 81.6% had NASH. Histologically confirmed fibrotic NASH was observed in 22.7% of the general study population, 29.6% of individuals with NAFLD, and 36.3% of those with NASH. The mean FNI was 0.18 ± 0.19. An optimal cutoff point of 0.21 was determined, with an overall accuracy of 90.1%, an 82.8% sensitivity, a 90.8% specificity, a 72.6% positive predictive value, and a 94.7% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: FNI provided adequate accuracy in detecting and ruling out fibrotic NASH. Considering the importance of fibrotic NASH within the natural history of NAFLD progression and the fact that this marker uses simple variables, it may be of great importance in high-risk populations, and its external validation and use should be encouraged.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/diagnosis , Fibrosis , Disease Progression , Biopsy , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effect of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) on renal function is limited. OBJECTIVE: To compare the evolution of estimated renal function observed 1 year after OAGB and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in individuals with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, analytical, and retrospective cohort study. Tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: This study used a prospectively collected database of individuals who consecutively underwent bariatric surgery. Renal function was assessed by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The one-year variation in the eGFR was compared between the procedures. RESULTS: No significant differences in age, sex, obesity-associated conditions, or body mass index were observed among individuals who underwent either OAGB or RYGB. OAGB led to a significantly higher percentage of total (P = 0.007) and excess weight loss (P = 0.026). Both OAGB and RYGB led to significantly higher values of eGFR (103.9 ± 22 versus 116.1 ± 13.3; P = 0.007, and 102.4 ± 19 versus 113.2 ± 13.3; P < 0.001, respectively). The one-year variation in eGFR was 11 ± 16.2% after OAGB and 16.7 ± 26.3% after RYGB (P = 0.3). Younger age and lower baseline eGFR were independently associated with greater postoperative improvement in renal function (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with RYGB, OAGB led to an equivalent improvement in renal function 1 year after the procedure, along with greater weight loss.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The effect of weight loss (WL) on histopathological aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may provide further insights into the dynamics of hepatic recovery after WL. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of pre-operative WL on insulin resistance- and NAFLD-related histology in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) with or without pre-operative WL. DESIGN AND SETTING: A matched cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital and a private clinic in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using prospectively collected databases of individuals who underwent BS and liver biopsy at either a public tertiary university hospital (with pre-operative WL) or a private clinic (without pre-operative WL). Random electronic matching by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) was performed and two paired groups of 24 individuals each were selected. RESULTS: Of the 48 participants, 75% were female. The mean age was 37.4 ± 9.6. The mean BMI was 38.9 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Fibrosis was the most common histopathological abnormality (91.7%). Glucose was significantly lower in the WL group (92 ± 19.1 versus 111.8 ± 35.4 mg/dL; P = 0.02). Significantly lower frequencies of macrovesicular steatosis (58.3% versus 95.8%; P = 0.004), microvesicular steatosis (12.5% versus 87.5%; P < 0.001), and portal inflammation (50% versus 87.5%; P = 0.011) were observed in the WL group. CONCLUSION: Pre-operative WL was significantly associated with lower frequencies of macro- and mi- crovesicular steatosis, portal inflammation, and lower glycemia, indicating an association between the recent trajectory of body weight and histological aspects of NAFLD.
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ABSTRACT Background: Non-invasive markers have been developed to assess the presence and severity of liver abnormalities related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive NAFLD markers (NAFLD liver fat score [NLFS], non-invasive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis detection score [NI-NASH-DS] and fibrosis score based on four variables [FIB-4]) in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out enrolling 91 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary-level public university hospital. Non-invasive NAFLD markers were calculated using laboratory tests, clinical and anthropometric variables and diagnostic accuracy tests were calculated comparing them in relation to the gold-standard test for this analysis (histopathological evaluation). Results: A total of 85.7% of the participants were female and mean age was 39.1±9.8 years. The average body mass index was 38.4±3.6 kg/m2. At histopathological examination, 84 (92.3%) patients presented with steatosis, 82 (90.1%) with some type of fibrosis; 21 (23.1%) patients were diagnosed with NASH according to the NAFLD activity score criteria. The overall accuracy of NLFS score was 58.2% for general hepatic steatosis and 61.5% for moderate to severe steatosis. The overall accuracy of FIB-4 was 95.4% for advanced fibrosis. NI-NASH-DS had a 74.7% overall accuracy for NASH. Conclusion: In a population of individuals with obesity, the FIB-4 score had high overall accuracy in assessing the presence of advanced liver fibrosis, whereas the NFLS and NI-NASH-DS had moderate accuracies for the assessment of steatosis and NASH, respectively.
RESUMO Contexto: Marcadores não-invasivos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a presença e a gravidade de anormalidades hepáticas relacionadas à doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica (DHGNA). Objetivo: Analisar a acurácia diagnóstica de marcadores não-invasivos de DHGNA (escore de gordura hepática da DHGNA [NLFS], escore não-invasivo de detecção de esteato-hepatite não-alcoólica [NI-NASH-DS] e escore de fibrose de 4 variáveis [FIB-4]) em indivíduos obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo transversal com 91 indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital universitário público de nível terciário. Marcadores não-invasivos de DHGNA foram calculados por meio de exames laboratoriais, variáveis clínicas e antropométricas; testes de acurácia diagnóstica foram calculados comparando-os em relação ao exame padrão-ouro para essa análise (avaliação histopatológica). Resultados: Um total de 85,7% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 39,1±9,8 anos. O índice de massa corporal médio foi de 38,4±3,6 kg/m2. Ao exame histopatológico, 84 (92,3%) pacientes apresentavam esteatose, 82 (90,1%) com algum grau de fibrose; 21 (23,1%) pacientes foram diagnosticados com esteato-hepatite não-alcoólica (EHNA) de acordo com os critérios do escore de atividade da DHGNA. A acurácia global do escore NLFS foi de 58,2% para esteatose hepática e 61,5% para esteatose moderada a grave. A acurácia global do FIB-4 foi de 95,4% para fibrose avançada. NI-NASH-DS apresentou uma acurácia global de 74,7% para EHNA. Conclusão: Em uma população de indivíduos com obesidade, o escore FIB-4 teve alta acurácia global para avaliar a presença de fibrose hepática avançada, enquanto o NFLS e o NI-NASH-DS tiveram acurácias moderadas para avaliar a esteatose e EHNA, respectivamente.
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BACKGROUND: Currently, there is conflicting evidence linking Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with weight loss and endoscopic findings after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). OBJECTIVE: To identify correlations between HP infection and its eradication with weight loss and endoscopic findings after RYGB. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database of individuals who underwent RYGB from 2018-2019 at a tertiary university hospital. HP infection and the HP eradication therapy outcomes were correlated with post-operative weight loss and endoscopic findings. Individuals were classified according to the status of HP infection into four groups: no infection; successful eradication; refractory infection; and new-onset infection. RESULTS: Of 65 individuals, 87% were female and the mean age was 39±11.2 years. Body mass index significantly decreased from 36.2±3.6 to 26.7±3.3 kg/m2 one year after RYGB (P<0.0001). The percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.9±7.2% and the percentage of excess weight loss was 89.4±31.7%. HP infection prevalence decreased from 55.4% to 27.7% (p=0.001); 33.8% never had HP infection, 38.5% were successfully treated, 16.9% had refractory infection and 10.8 % had new-onset HP infection. %TWL was 27.3±7.5% in individuals who never had HP, 25.4±8.1% in the successfully treated, 25.7±5.2% in those with refractory infection, and 23.4±6.4% in the new-onset HP infection group; there were no significant differences among the four groups (P=0.6). Pre-operative HP infection significantly associated with gastritis (P=0.048). New-onset HP infections significantly associated with a lower frequency of jejunal erosions after surgery (P=0.048). CONCLUSION: No effects of the HP infection on weight loss were identified in individuals undergoing RYGB. A higher prevalence of gastritis was observed in individuals with HP infection before RYGB. New-onset HP infection after RYGB was a protective factor for jejunal erosions.
Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Gastritis , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Obesity, Morbid , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Retrospective Studies , Weight Loss , Body Mass Index , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A possible direct link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has recently emerged. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze associations between the presence of histologically demonstrated NAFLD aspects with H. pylori infection in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based on data collected from the medical records of individuals undergoing bariatric surgery at a tertiary university hospital in 2019. METHODS: NAFLD was assessed through histological examination of wedge liver biopsies collected during the proceedings. H. pylori infection was analyzed through the association of the urease test and histological examination performed in biopsies routinely collected during preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS: Of the 88 participants, 85% were female, and the average age was 39.1 ± 8.4 years. H. pylori infection was present in 61.4% of the patients. The mean body mass index was 36.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2. The most prevalent histopathological aspects of NAFLD were macrovesicular steatosis (92%), hepatocellular ballooning (92%), lobular inflammation (93.2%), portal inflammation (96.6%), and fibrosis (93.2%). No histopathological aspect of NAFLD was found to be significantly associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION: In this study population, H. pylori infection was not significantly associated with the histopathological aspects of NAFLD in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Obesity/complications , Obesity/surgery , Inflammation/complications , Inflammation/pathology , Liver/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Histological scores can estimate disease staging, allowing a standardization of the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prediction of risk of NAFLD progression is relevant to allow the planning of interventions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of the Iowa NAFLD decompensation risk score, the NAFLD activity score (NAS), and steatosis-activity-fibrosis score (SAF) and to assess correlations between these scores. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study enrolling 76 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary university hospital. Liver biopsy was performed during procedures; histological scores were then assessed. The Iowa score was calculated using age, diabetes, and platelet count. RESULTS: 89.5% were female and mean age was 39.1 ± 9.6 years. Mean BMI was 38.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2. Steatosis (92.1%), hepatocellular ballooning (93.4%), lobular inflammation (93.4%), and fibrosis (97.4%) were the commonest histopathological findings. According to NAS, 22.4% had definite non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). According to SAF, 89.5% had moderate or severe NAFLD. The mean risks of NAFLD decompensation at 5, 10, and 12 years were 0.8%, 2.5%, and 2.9%, respectively. The group whose risk of decompensation was above 10% comprised 2.6% and 5.3% at 10 and 12 years, respectively. The severity assessed by SAF significantly associated with definite NASH diagnosis through NAS (p < 0.001). Iowa score did not correlate with both NAS/SAF scores. CONCLUSION: The Iowa score demonstrated that individuals with obesity present with a significant long-term risk of NAFLD-related events. There were high rates of moderate/severe forms of NAFLD assessed by NAS and SAF scores. There were no significant correlations between Iowa and NAS/SAF scores.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Liver/pathology , Fibrosis , Risk Assessment , BiopsyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), steatosis can manifest through two distinct forms: macrovesicular (macroS) and microvesicular (microS). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of microS and its association with biochemical parameters and NAFLD-related histological findings in individuals with obesity. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective cross-sectional study, enrolling individuals who underwent bariatric surgery and liver biopsy at a university hospital. A 1:2 propensity matching was performed to pair microS with isolated macroS; this matching enrolled variables "age," "gender," "body mass index (BMI)," and "obesity-associated medical problems." Clinical, biochemical, and histopathological aspects were then analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Of 115 participants, 88.7% were female; average age was 40.5 ± 5 years and mean BMI was 37.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2. Steatosis occurred in 82.6% (67.8% isolated macroS and 14.8% microS). MicroS is significantly associated with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (39.8 ± 26.4 vs. 26.7 ± 17.5; p = 0.04) and glucose (103.8 ± 52.6 vs. 83.3 ± 10.8; p = 0.03) and higher frequencies of moderate to severe macroS (41.2% vs. 2.0%; p < 0.001), portal fibrosis (100% vs. 50%; p < 0.001), perisinusoidal fibrosis (100% vs. 55.9%; p < 0.001), lobular inflammation (100% vs. 41.1%; p < 0.001), and portal inflammation (100% vs. 41.1%; p < 0.001). An independently positive association was observed between intensities of microS and macroS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MicroS is significantly associated with higher levels of ALT and glucose and higher frequencies of moderate to severe macroS, hepatocellular ballooning, portal fibrosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis, lobular inflammation, and portal inflammation. These findings indicate that microS could be considered a reliable histological marker of NAFLD severity.
Subject(s)
Hypertension, Portal , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Liver/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity/complications , Inflammation/complications , Fibrosis , Hypertension, Portal/complications , BiopsyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is much debate over the occurrence of biliary reflux to the gastric pouch after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and its potential risks. OBJECTIVE: To assess endoscopic and histopathological findings following a standardized protocol of biopsy collection two years after OAGB. METHODS: A historical cohort study was conducted, based on a prospectively collected database, which involved 39 participants who underwent OAGB. Participants underwent clinical evaluation and esophagogastroduodenoscopy at the time of surgery and 24 months afterward. Post-operatively, biopsy specimens in esophagogastric junction, pouch, and anastomosis were systematically collected. RESULTS: 92.3% of the participants were female and the mean age was 37 ± 8.5 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased from 37.6 ± 5.7 kg/m2 to 27 ± 4.1 kg/m2 after 2 years (p < 0.001). The mean %TWL was 27.2 ± 10.5%. The prevalence of non-erosive gastritis significantly increased from 25.6 to 51.3% (p = 0.02). Erosive gastritis significantly decreased from 28.2 to 10.3% (p = 0.04). Four cases of marginal ulcers were identified (10.3%). The commonest histopathological finding was mild inflammation in 74.3% (esophagogastric junction), 58.9% (pouch), and 71.8% (anastomosis). There was one case of focal intestinal metaplasia in each site of interest and no cases of dysplasia or severe inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Using a standardized protocol of post-operative biopsy collection, low rates of severe endoscopic and histopathological abnormalities were observed two years after OAGB. Nevertheless, as most patients have histologically proven inflammation, bile in the gastric pouch, and endoscopic gastritis, long-term surveillance is essential because of the uncertain risk of these abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Gastritis , Laparoscopy , Obesity, Morbid , Stomach Ulcer , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Gastric Bypass/methods , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Cohort Studies , Gastritis/epidemiology , Gastritis/etiology , Gastritis/pathology , Laparoscopy/methods , Metaplasia , Esophagogastric Junction/surgery , Esophagogastric Junction/pathology , Inflammation , Stomach Ulcer/surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Currently, there is conflicting evidence linking Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with weight loss and endoscopic findings after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Objective: To identify correlations between HP infection and its eradication with weight loss and endoscopic findings after RYGB. Methods: This is an observational retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database of individuals who underwent RYGB from 2018-2019 at a tertiary university hospital. HP infection and the HP eradication therapy outcomes were correlated with post-operative weight loss and endoscopic findings. Individuals were classified according to the status of HP infection into four groups: no infection; successful eradication; refractory infection; and new-onset infection. Results: Of 65 individuals, 87% were female and the mean age was 39±11.2 years. Body mass index significantly decreased from 36.2±3.6 to 26.7±3.3 kg/m2 one year after RYGB (P<0.0001). The percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.9±7.2% and the percentage of excess weight loss was 89.4±31.7%. HP infection prevalence decreased from 55.4% to 27.7% (p=0.001); 33.8% never had HP infection, 38.5% were successfully treated, 16.9% had refractory infection and 10.8 % had new-onset HP infection. %TWL was 27.3±7.5% in individuals who never had HP, 25.4±8.1% in the successfully treated, 25.7±5.2% in those with refractory infection, and 23.4±6.4% in the new-onset HP infection group; there were no significant differences among the four groups (P=0.6). Pre-operative HP infection significantly associated with gastritis (P=0.048). New-onset HP infections significantly associated with a lower frequency of jejunal erosions after surgery (P=0.048). Conclusion: No effects of the HP infection on weight loss were identified in individuals undergoing RYGB. A higher prevalence of gastritis was observed in individuals with HP infection before RYGB. New-onset HP infection after RYGB was a protective factor for jejunal erosions.
RESUMO Contexto: Há evidências conflitantes na literatura atual ligando a infecção por Helicobacter pylori (HP) com a perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR). Objetivo: Identificar correlações entre infecção por Helicobacter pylori HP e seu tratamento de erradicação com perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após BGYR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional de coorte histórica, baseado em um banco de dados coletados prospectivamente de indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR de 2018 a 2019 em um hospital terciário universitário. A infecção pelo HP e os resultados da terapia de erradicação do HP foram correlacionados com a perda de peso pós-operatória e os achados endoscópicos. Os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com o status de infecção pelo HP em quatro grupos: ausência de infecção; erradicação bem-sucedida; infecção refratária; e infecção nova. Resultados: Dos 65 indivíduos, 87% eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 39±11,2 anos. O índice de massa corporal diminuiu significativamente de 36,2±3,6 para 26,7±3,3 kg/m2 um ano após BGYR (P<0,0001). O percentual de perda de peso foi 25,9±7,2% e o percentual de perda do excesso de peso foi 89,4±31,7%. A prevalência de infecção por HP diminuiu de 55,4% para 27,7% após a cirurgia (P=0,001); 33,8% nunca tiveram infecção por HP, 38,5% tiveram um tratamento bem-sucedido, 16,9% tiveram infecção refratária e 10,8% tiveram nova infecção por HP. Infecção pré-operatória por HP associou-se significativamente à presença de gastrite (P=0,048). Infecções por HP de início recente associaram-se significativamente com menor frequência de erosões jejunais após a cirurgia (P=0,048). Conclusão: Não foram identificados efeitos da infecção por HP na perda de peso em indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR. Maior prevalência de gastrite foi observada em indivíduos com infecção por HP antes da cirurgia. A infecção por HP de início recente após BGYR foi um fator protetor para erosões jejunais.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A possible direct link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has recently emerged. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze associations between the presence of histologically demonstrated NAFLD aspects with H. pylori infection in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based on data collected from the medical records of individuals undergoing bariatric surgery at a tertiary university hospital in 2019. METHODS: NAFLD was assessed through histological examination of wedge liver biopsies collected during the proceedings. H. pylori infection was analyzed through the association of the urease test and histological examination performed in biopsies routinely collected during preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS: Of the 88 participants, 85% were female, and the average age was 39.1 ± 8.4 years. H. pylori infection was present in 61.4% of the patients. The mean body mass index was 36.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2. The most prevalent histopathological aspects of NAFLD were macrovesicular steatosis (92%), hepatocellular ballooning (92%), lobular inflammation (93.2%), portal inflammation (96.6%), and fibrosis (93.2%). No histopathological aspect of NAFLD was found to be significantly associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION: In this study population, H. pylori infection was not significantly associated with the histopathological aspects of NAFLD in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on the course of non-alcoholic fatty hepatopathy (NAFLD) are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of NAFLD characteristics through noninvasive markers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) over a five-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study; tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: The evolution of NAFLD-related characteristics was evaluated among 49 individuals who underwent RYGB, with a five-year follow-up. Steatosis was evaluated through the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), steatohepatitis through the clinical score for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (C-NASH) and fibrosis through the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). RESULTS: 91.8% of the individuals were female. The mean age was 38.3 ± 10 years and average body mass index (BMI), 37.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2. HSI significantly decreased from 47.15 ± 4.27 to 36.03 ± 3.72 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. C-NASH significantly decreased from 0.75 ± 1.25 to 0.29 ± 0.7 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. NFS decreased from 1.14 ± 1.23 to 0.27 ± 0.99 at 12 months (P < 0.01), and then followed a slightly ascending course, with a marked increase by 60 months (0.82 ± 0.89), but still lower than at baseline (P < 0.05). HSI variation strongly correlated with the five-year percentage total weight loss (R = 0.8; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: RYGB led to significant improvement of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis after five years. Fibrosis was the most refractory abnormality, with a slightly ascending trend after two years. Steatosis improvement directly correlated with weight loss.
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BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on the course of non-alcoholic fatty hepatopathy (NAFLD) are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of NAFLD characteristics through noninvasive markers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) over a five-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study; tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: The evolution of NAFLD-related characteristics was evaluated among 49 individuals who underwent RYGB, with a five-year follow-up. Steatosis was evaluated through the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), steatohepatitis through the clinical score for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (C-NASH) and fibrosis through the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). RESULTS: 91.8% of the individuals were female. The mean age was 38.3 ± 10 years and average body mass index (BMI), 37.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2. HSI significantly decreased from 47.15 ± 4.27 to 36.03 ± 3.72 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. C-NASH significantly decreased from 0.75 ± 1.25 to 0.29 ± 0.7 at 12 months (P < 0.01), without other significant changes up to 60 months. NFS decreased from 1.14 ± 1.23 to 0.27 ± 0.99 at 12 months (P < 0.01), and then followed a slightly ascending course, with a marked increase by 60 months (0.82 ± 0.89), but still lower than at baseline (P < 0.05). HSI variation strongly correlated with the five-year percentage total weight loss (R = 0.8; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: RYGB led to significant improvement of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis after five years. Fibrosis was the most refractory abnormality, with a slightly ascending trend after two years. Steatosis improvement directly correlated with weight loss.
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Gastric Bypass , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity, Morbid , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Cohort Studies , Weight Loss , Fibrosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Backgrounds/Aims: To analyze relationships of hepatic histopathological findings and bile microbiological profiles with perioperative outcomes and risk of late biliary stricture in individuals undergoing surgical bile duct injury (BDI) repair. Methods: A historical cohort study was carried out at a tertiary university hospital. Fifty-six individuals who underwent surgical BDI repair from 2014-2018 with a minimal follow-up of 24 months were enrolled. Liver biopsies were performed to analyze histopathology. Bile samples were collected during repair procedures. Hepatic histopathological findings and bile microbiological profiles were then correlated with perioperative and late outcomes through uni- and multi-variate analyses. Results: Forty-three individuals (76.8%) were females and average age was 47.2 ± 13.2 years; mean follow-up was 38.1 ± 18.6 months. The commonest histopathological finding was hepatic fibrosis (87.5%). Bile cultures were positive in 53.5%. The main surgical technique was Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (96.4%). Overall morbidity was 35.7%. In univariate analysis, liver fibrosis correlated with the duration of the operation (R = 0.3; p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, fibrosis (R = 0.36; p = 0.02) and cholestasis (R = 0.34; p = 0.02) independently correlated with operative time. Strasberg classification independently correlated with estimated bleeding (R = 0.31; p = 0.049). The time elapsed between primary cholecystectomy and BDI repair correlated with hepatic fibrosis (R = 0.4; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Bacterial contamination of bile was observed in most cases. The degree of fibrosis and cholestasis correlated with operative time. The waiting time for definitive repair correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis.
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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to lead to post-operative complications after bariatric surgery (BS), especially marginal ulcers. The optimal method for pre-operative screening is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the endoscopic urease test for the detection of H. pylori in individuals undergoing BS and the main endoscopic and histological changes within this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on a database from medical records of 232 individuals who underwent BS between 2016 and 2019 at a tertiary university hospital. Clinical, anthropometric, and endoscopic data were analyzed. The gold-standard method considered to calculate diagnostic accuracy variables was histopathological examination through hematoxylin-eosin/Giemsa stains. RESULTS: 87.5% of the participants were female; mean age was 38.5±9.5 years and average body mass index was 37.6±3.8 kg/m2. The commonest endoscopic finding was gastritis (50.9%) with a predominance of the mild erosive form (25%). Upon histological examination, 59.1% of the participants had confirmed H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection was associated with higher frequencies of endoscopic duodenitis (23.4% vs 12.6%; P=0.04), histological chronic gastritis (100% vs 56.8%; P<0.0001) and histological acute gastritis (58.4% vs 2.1%; P<0.0001). The urease test had a sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 97.9%, leading to an overall accuracy of 87.1%. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic urease test is highly accurate for pre-operative screening of H. pylori infection in individuals who undergo BS. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with endoscopic (duodenitis) and histopathological (chronic and active gastritis) changes.
Subject(s)
Bariatrics , Duodenitis , Gastritis , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gastritis/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urease/analysisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to lead to post-operative complications after bariatric surgery (BS), especially marginal ulcers. The optimal method for pre-operative screening is yet to be determined. Objective: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the endoscopic urease test for the detection of H. pylori in individuals undergoing BS and the main endoscopic and histological changes within this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on a database from medical records of 232 individuals who underwent BS between 2016 and 2019 at a tertiary university hospital. Clinical, anthropometric, and endoscopic data were analyzed. The gold-standard method considered to calculate diagnostic accuracy variables was histopathological examination through hematoxylin-eosin/Giemsa stains. Results: 87.5% of the participants were female; mean age was 38.5±9.5 years and average body mass index was 37.6±3.8 kg/m2. The commonest endoscopic finding was gastritis (50.9%) with a predominance of the mild erosive form (25%). Upon histological examination, 59.1% of the participants had confirmed H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection was associated with higher frequencies of endoscopic duodenitis (23.4% vs 12.6%; P=0.04), histological chronic gastritis (100% vs 56.8%; P<0.0001) and histological acute gastritis (58.4% vs 2.1%; P<0.0001). The urease test had a sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 97.9%, leading to an overall accuracy of 87.1%. Conclusion The endoscopic urease test is highly accurate for pre-operative screening of H. pylori infection in individuals who undergo BS. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with endoscopic (duodenitis) and histopathological (chronic and active gastritis) changes.
RESUMO Contexto: A infecção por Helicobacter pylori tem sido descrita como causa de complicações pós-operatórias após cirurgia bariátrica (CB), especialmente úlceras marginais. O método ideal para a triagem pré-operatória ainda não foi determinado. Objetivo: Analisar a acurácia diagnóstica do teste endoscópico de urease para detecção de H. pylori em indivíduos submetidos à CB e as principais alterações endoscópicas e histológicas observadas nessa população. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal a partir de um banco de dados de prontuários de 232 indivíduos submetidos à CB entre 2016 e 2019 em um hospital universitário terciário. Dados clínicos, antropométricos e endoscópicos foram analisados. Foi considerado como método padrão-ouro para calcular as variáveis de acurácia diagnóstica o exame histopatológico por colorações de hematoxilina-eosina e Giemsa. Resultados: 87,5% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino; a média de idade foi de 38,5±9,5 anos e o índice de massa corporal médio foi de 37,6±3,8 kg/m2. O achado endoscópico mais comum foi gastrite (50,9%) com predomínio da forma erosiva leve (25%). Ao exame histológico, 59,1% dos participantes apresentaram infecção confirmada por H. pylori. A infecção por H. pylori foi associada a maiores frequências de duodenite endoscópica (23,4% vs 12,6%; P=0,04), gastrite crônica histológica (100% vs 56,8%; P<0,0001) e gastrite aguda histológica (58,4% vs 2,1%; P<0,0001). O teste de urease teve sensibilidade de 79,6% e especificidade de 97,9%, levando à acurácia global de 87,1%. Conclusão: O teste endoscópico de urease tem alta acurácia para triagem pré-operatória da infecção por H. pylori em candidatos à CB. A infecção por H. pylori foi significativamente associada a alterações endoscópicas (duodenite) e histopatológicas (gastrite crônica e ativa).