[Information and facilities recommendations concerning trial of labour in the context of scarred womb]. / Quelles sont les recommandations d'organisation et d'information en cas de proposition de tentative de voie basse pour utérus cicatriciel ?

OBJECTIVES: To precise key elements concerning facilities and patient information prior to trial of labour in the context of scarred womb. METHOD: Bibliographic search restricted to French and English languages using Medline database and recommendations of medical societies. RESULTS: Only expert's opinions are available. Patient information should present both trial of labour and elective cesarean section. Counselling should be influenced by individual risk of failed vaginal birth and uterine rupture. Mode of delivery should be planned the latest at 8 months of gestation. Patient should be aware of obstetrical and anesthetic facilities. Trial of labour should be presented as the first option for patients with no additional risk factors. Immediate presence of obstetrician and anesthesiologist is not required except in the context of increased risk for failed trial of labour or uterine rupture. Elective cesarean section on maternal request is acceptable after extensive counselling and delay of reflexion. CONCLUSION: Individual patient information should be initiated early and mode of delivery should be planned at 8 months of gestation. Resources and facilities recommendations aim to facilitate prompt cesarean section.

Cognitive and behavioural effects of migraine in childhood and adolescence.

Since cognitive and behavioural characteristics of paediatric migraine sufferers have yet to be adequately defined, in this study we assessed the effect of migraine on the interictal functioning of children and adolescents by comparing the performance of two patient groups, 17 migraine sufferers with aura (MA) and 31 without aura (MoA) and by correlating the duration of the disorder, the frequency of attacks and interictal period with neuropsychological and behavioural findings. Both patient groups had cognitive performance within normal range except for a significant delay in the reaction time (RT) task. Both MA and MoA revealed a behavioural phenotype characterized by internalizing problems on Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) scales. Slower RT to simple visual stimuli may be an early sign of a subclinical neuropsychological dysfunction, significantly correlated with the frequency of headache attacks and interictal period. The lack of a control group and other methodological limitations, such as patient selection bias and unadjusted P-value for multiple testing, make it difficult to give this finding a clearcut meaning. Further studies are needed on larger samples compared with a control group.

Unilateral frontal lobe epilepsy affects executive functions in children.

Very few studies to date have investigated the neuropsychological changes detectable in children suffering from frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of FLE on cognitive and executive functions in childhood. The sample includes 17 children with a frontal epileptogenic focus (10 right and 7 left), with no evidence of anatomical brain damage. These subjects were assessed by means of a battery of tests to investigate executive functioning. The results emphasised the presence of selective impairments of frontal lobe functions without evidence of deficits in global intellectual functioning. No side-specific deficits were detected, while an earlier onset of epilepsy and the duration of the disorder, but not the seizures frequency, were found to correspond with more severe deficits in some specific frontal lobe functions.

[Effect of delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on biochemical functional relationships in Diptera Aedes aegypti]. / Etude de l'action de la delta-endotoxine de Bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis sur des relations biochimiques fonctionnelles chez le Diptère Aedes aegypti.

A study of the action of very low doses of the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera) gave evidence for peculiar properties of the dose/effect relations based on the variations of the regression slopes of functional relationships between the pairs cysteine/serine and fatty acids/histidine, by contrast with the pair fatty acids/glucose which exhibited a classical shaped relation. This indicates "crypto-toxicological" processes, not lethal by themselves and without pathological symptoms, but able to initiate "pathogen-chaining" mechanisms leading, at the end, to a lethal secondary syndrome.

[Discovery and purification of a virus in gland hyperplasia of insects. Study of Merodon equistris F. (Diptera, Syrphidae)]. / Mise en évidence et purification d'un virus dans la prolifération monstrueuse glandulaire d'Insectes. Etude sur Merodon equestris F. (Diptè4re, Syrphidae).

ADNA virus was purified from the salivary gland affected by a large proliferation in the Diptera Merodon equestris. Structure, nucleic acid as well as development and intracellular cycle of the virus have been characterized.

[Experimental infection of an invertebrate cell line with a mollicute-like procaryote inducing the "lethargy of coleoptera" (author's transl)]. / Infection expérimentale d'une lignée cellulaire d'invertébré par le procaryote intravacuolaire de type mollicute, agent de la "léthargie des coléoptères"

In vitro multiplication of a pathogenic intravacuolar mollicute-like procaryote from Melolontha melolontha L. was experimentally obtained in an insect cell line. The elongated and pleomorphic forms observed in the insect-host are reproduced in cell cultures. A third peculiar giant form is missing, showing that it does not play any role in the multiplication of the germ. The intrinsic potentialities of the germ are maintained during the successive passages, as proved by reinfection of the insect and by immunology. The original syndrome including the giant form is reproduced in the insect. The immunserum prepared from the wild germ isolated by density gradient is positive with the in vitro mollicute. The germs are intravacuolar, both in the cultured cells and in the insect host. Clearly the microorganism multiplies within the vacuoles. A cytopathogenic effect is noticed in the cultured cells overcrowed with germs. The germs become extracellular when they are released in the culture medium by disaggregation of the cell membranes. It seems that this work shows the first model of an intravacuolar mollicute-like procaryote experimentally multiplied in cultivated cells.

[Cytochemical and freeze-etching studies of the ultrastructure of a Rickettsiella in a crustacean (author's transl)]. / Etude par cytochimie et cryodécapage de l'ultrastructure d'une Rickettsiella de crustacé.

Several characteristics of the intracellular cycle of Ricketsiella are elucidated, particularly regarding the envelope and the cytoplasm of dense forms (elementary bodies) as well as the proteinic inclusions of giant bodies. Cleavage faces have been displayed by freeze-etching, both at the level of cell wall and of plasma membrane. Their characteristics approach those of Gram-negative bacteria and are pratically common to all the stages. Appearance and significance of a polysaccharidic cement joining the outer membrane of the cell wall to the inner membrane (plasma membrane) in the dense forms are discussed. The arrangement of ribosomes and the structure of the nucleoid are described. A 6 nm lattice periodical structure is shown in the proteinic inclusion. Significance of these data for a classification of Rickettsiella and chlamydias is discussed.

[Viral infection in a platyhelminth parasite]. / Infection virale chez un Plathelminthe parasite

In parenchyme cells of the parasitic Plathelminthe Diplectanum aequans virus-like cytoplasmic particles were observed. Their formation is noted in virogenic areas and they are often gathered in regular geometric arrangements. The infected cells show important lesions.

[Endocellular pathogenic bacteria in the monogenean Euzetrema knoepffleri]. / Mise en évidence de bactéries endocellulaires pathogènes chez le Monogène Euzetrema knoepffleri

Intracellular bacteria (Rickettsia) are found in the Monogenean Euzetrema knoepffleri, vesicular endoparasite of the Amphibian Euproctus montanus (Urodela). In some conditions, they cause cytoplasmic damage in the host tissues, which demonstrates their pathogenicity. These bacteria are present during all the stages of the life-cycle of E. knoepffleri. Their transmission from one generation to the next occurs through the gametes.

[Development and pathogenesis of an entomopoxvirus in lepidoptera cell culture]. / Développement et pathogenèse d'un entomopoxvirus en culture cellulaire de Lépidoptère.

Cell cultures of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera) have been successfully infected with the Entomopoxvirus of Amsacta Moorei (Lepidoptera). The different steps of viral morphogenesis and pathogenesis have been precisely detailed by light and electron microscopy of infected cells.

[Tumor formations and cell proliferation in invertebrates]. / Formations tumorales et proliférations cellulaires chez les invertébrés

Critical analysis of the present status of invertebrate oncology through an appreciation of data relative to the various origins of tumors : spontaneous formations, cell proliferations induced by viruses, so-called hereditary tumors, effects of injuries induced by carcinogenic agents, irradiations or hormones on the formation of neoplasms in invertebrates. Attempts are made to interpret these data as compared with those obtained in medical and veterinary oncology. The possible direction of studies on invertebrates towards comparative oncology is considered, emphasizing the great usefulness for the medical research to study the phylogenetic development of oncogenesis.

[Ultrastructure, development and nucleic acid of the S virus from the decapod crustacea Macropipus depurator L]. / Ultrastructre, développement et acide nucléique du virus S du crustacé décapode Macropipus depurator L.

The "S" crabe virus recently isolated from Macropipus depurator (Decapoda) has been purified and its nucleic acid has been recognized as a DNA. The visualization of the structure and of several phases of the cycle of the virus permits to situate this virus near the Bunyavirus and Paramyxovirus groups.