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INTRODUCTION: This hospital-based retrospective matched cohort study explored the association between preterm birth (PB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in preschool children. METHOD: PB children were matched by sex and day of birth (1:2) with full-term birth (FTB) children (PB = 89, FTP = 178). The children's parent-reported HRQoL was assessed using the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire. The association between PB and HRQoL was examined using conditional logistic regressions. RESULTS: PB children were mostly moderate-to-mild preterm (64%) and exhibited a lower probability of presenting an HRQoL below the median in the sleeping (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23-0.91) and behavior (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23-0.85) subscales. Conversely, this probability in communication HRQoL was higher in the PB group (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.01-3.64). DISCUSSION: PB was associated to better sleeping and behavior HRQoL, but poorer communication HRQoL. These findings could imply a potential normalization of developmental outcomes in moderate-to-mild PB.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir el patrón de alimentación y crecimiento de los niños prematuros en edad preescolar, incluyendo los problemas de alimentación basados en sus conductas y habilidades, la calidad de la dieta y el afrontamiento de sus padres. Métodos: estudio transversal de niños prematuros nacidos en Asturias en 2016 (n = 94). A los 3-4 años se contactó con las familias y se utilizó el cuestionario Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale para identificar problemas en la alimentación, y el índice KIDMED para resumir la calidad de la dieta. También se recopilaron datos antropométricos autoinformados para evaluar el crecimiento ponderal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas para recopilar información gestacional y neonatal. Resultados: el 7,4 % de los niños y el 20,2 % de los padres presentaron problemas relacionados con la alimentación infantil. El 25,5 % tenían un patrón dietético de alta calidad. En los prematuros < 32 semanas se identificaron más conductas alimentarias alteradas, disminuyendo su frecuencia al incrementarse su edad gestacional (p = 0,030). No se observaron diferencias en las conductas de los padres (p = 0,455), ni en la calidad de la dieta según la edad gestacional (p = 0,399), pero sí en el peso, que fue menor en los muy prematuros (p = 0,015). Conclusiones: el patrón de alimentación de los prematuros a los 3-4 años y las estrategias de sus padres fueron adecuados, y la calidad de la dieta moderada. Es importante un adecuado seguimiento de los prematuros con menor edad gestacional, ya que presentaron más dificultades en la alimentación y menor peso.
Aim: to describe the feeding and growth patterns of preterm-born children at preschool age, considering feeding problems based on behaviours and skills, diet quality and parental feeding practices. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed on preterm children born in Asturias (Spain) in 2016 (n = 94). When preterm-born children reached 3-4 years of age their families were asked to complete the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale and a food frequency questionnaire to identify possible feeding problems and assess diet quality (KIDMED index), respectively. Self-reported anthropometric data were also collected to assess weight growth. Electronic health records were reviewed to gather gestational and neonatal clinical data. Results: feeding problems were found in 7.4 % of children and 20.2 % of parents. According to the KIDMED index, 25.5 % of children had a high-quality diet. Feeding problems were higher in children born before 32 weeks of gestation, and decreased in frequency as the gestational age increased (p = 0.030). No differences were found in parental feeding practices (p = 0.455) or diet quality according to gestational age (p = 0.399), but body weight at 3-4 years was lower in preterm-born children (p = 0.015). Conclusions: feeding patterns of preterm-born children were suitable at the age of 3-4 years, but diet quality was moderate to poor in the majority of children. Follow-up of very preterm children beyond 3-4 years of age becomes necessary as they displayed more feeding problems and lower body weight. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant, Premature , Feeding Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain , Diet, MediterraneanABSTRACT
Introduction: Aim: to describe the feeding and growth patterns of preterm-born children at preschool age, considering feeding problems based on behaviours and skills, diet quality and parental feeding practices. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed on preterm children born in Asturias (Spain) in 2016 (n = 94). When preterm-born children reached 3-4 years of age their families were asked to complete the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale and a food frequency questionnaire to identify possible feeding problems and assess diet quality (KIDMED index), respectively. Self-reported anthropometric data were also collected to assess weight growth. Electronic health records were reviewed to gather gestational and neonatal clinical data. Results: feeding problems were found in 7.4 % of children and 20.2 % of parents. According to the KIDMED index, 25.5 % of children had a high-quality diet. Feeding problems were higher in children born before 32 weeks of gestation, and decreased in frequency as the gestational age increased (p = 0.030). No differences were found in parental feeding practices (p = 0.455) or diet quality according to gestational age (p = 0.399), but body weight at 3-4 years was lower in preterm-born children (p = 0.015). Conclusions: feeding patterns of preterm-born children were suitable at the age of 3-4 years, but diet quality was moderate to poor in the majority of children. Follow-up of very preterm children beyond 3-4 years of age becomes necessary as they displayed more feeding problems and lower body weight.
Introducción: Objetivo: describir el patrón de alimentación y crecimiento de los niños prematuros en edad preescolar, incluyendo los problemas de alimentación basados en sus conductas y habilidades, la calidad de la dieta y el afrontamiento de sus padres. Métodos: estudio transversal de niños prematuros nacidos en Asturias en 2016 (n = 94). A los 3-4 años se contactó con las familias y se utilizó el cuestionario Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale para identificar problemas en la alimentación, y el índice KIDMED para resumir la calidad de la dieta. También se recopilaron datos antropométricos autoinformados para evaluar el crecimiento ponderal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas para recopilar información gestacional y neonatal. Resultados: el 7,4 % de los niños y el 20,2 % de los padres presentaron problemas relacionados con la alimentación infantil. El 25,5 % tenían un patrón dietético de alta calidad. En los prematuros < 32 semanas se identificaron más conductas alimentarias alteradas, disminuyendo su frecuencia al incrementarse su edad gestacional (p = 0,030). No se observaron diferencias en las conductas de los padres (p = 0,455), ni en la calidad de la dieta según la edad gestacional (p = 0,399), pero sí en el peso, que fue menor en los muy prematuros (p = 0,015). Conclusiones: el patrón de alimentación de los prematuros a los 3-4 años y las estrategias de sus padres fueron adecuados, y la calidad de la dieta moderada. Es importante un adecuado seguimiento de los prematuros con menor edad gestacional, ya que presentaron más dificultades en la alimentación y menor peso.
Subject(s)
Feeding Behavior , Infant, Premature , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gestational Age , Body WeightABSTRACT
Obesity has been associated with higher risk of frailty in older adults, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. No previous study has examined the association between leptin, an adipokine, and the risk of frailty in older adults, and whether this association could be explained by insulin resistance or chronic inflammation. Data were taken from 1,573 individuals without diabetes mellitus, aged ≥60 years, from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. In 2008-2010, leptin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Study participants were followed-up through 2012 to assess incident frailty, defined as at least two of the following Fried criteria: exhaustion, weakness, low physical activity, and slow walking speed. Analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders. Over a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 280 cases of incident frailty were identified. Compared to individuals in the lowest tertile of serum leptin, those in the highest tertile showed an increased risk of frailty (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-3.06; p-trend <0.001). Further adjustment for the percentage of body fat led to an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.11-2.61; p-trend=0.01). After additional adjustment for HOMA-IR and CRP, the OR for frailty was 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01-2.52; p-trend=0.04). Results did not vary according to sex, abdominal obesity or the percentage of body fat. Being in the highest versus lowest tertile of leptin was associated with increased risk of exhaustion (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.32-3.55; p-trend=0.001) and muscle weakness (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.25-2.51; p-trend=0.001), in the analyses adjusted for potential confounders and body fat. Higher leptin concentration was associated with greater risk of frailty in older adults. This association was only modestly explained by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, as measured by CRP.