Microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde replace growth-promoting antibiotics: Effect on performance and meat quality in broiler chickens.

The aim was to evaluate the use of mixture of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde as a replacement for growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler diets on performance, intestinal quality, organ development, carcass yields and cuts, and meat quality. In the trial were used 600 male chicks, allocated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replicates of 15 birds, reared up to 41 days of age. The treatments were: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC) 30 mg/kg of virginiamycin, NC+100 mg/kg of essential oils, NC+200 mg/kg of essential oils and NC+400 mg/kg of essential oils. Essential oils were composed by a micro-encapsulated blend, with of 60% cinnamaldehyde, 30% carvacrol and 10% carrier. Birds received essential oils achieved performance equivalent to those birds received PC diets, having better development than NC broilers. No differences were found on relative organ weight, intestinal mucosa and meat quality parameters, however, higher villus:cript ratio was found in PC, NC+200 and NC+400 groups. Meat crude protein and yellowness were influenced by inclusion of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde. It was concluded microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde can replace growth-promoting antibiotic in broiler diets, ensuring performance, intestinal integrity and broiler meat quality.

Surface Roughness Changes in Denture Liners in Denture Stomatitis Patients.

PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial assessed how surface roughness (Ra) in resilient liners was affected by soft tissue health conditions and time-related aspects in patients with complete dentures. METHODS: Specimens of acrylic resin (control) and denture liners (silicone-based or acrylic resin-based) were inserted into the dentures of patients with and without denture stomatitis (n = 30). Ra was evaluated before denture insertion and after 7, 14, and 21 days of prosthesis wearing. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Patients with stomatitis showed a higher Ra (P < .001), while all liners presented rougher surfaces after 14 days of clinical service, irrespective of the soft tissue health condition. CONCLUSION: Ra of the tested denture liners was increased in patients with denture stomatitis. It is presumed that a longer wearing period will result in rougher surfaces.

Antibacterial efficacy and effect of chlorhexidine mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid for dental impressions: a randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate whether chlorhexidine mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid powder decreases microbial contamination during impression taking without affecting the resulting casts. Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the liquid used for impression taking in conjunction with irreversible hydrocolloid: 0.12% chlorhexidine or water. Surface roughness and dimensional stability of the casts were evaluated. Chlorhexidine mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid decreased the percentage of microorganisms when compared with water (P < .001) but did not affect the surface quality or dimensional stability of the casts. Mixing chlorhexidine with irreversible hydrocolloid powder is an alternative method to prevent contamination without sacrificing impression quality.

Influence of glass particle size of resin cements on bonding to glass ceramic: SEM and bond strength evaluation.

This study investigated the effect of the filler particle size (micron or submicron) of experimental resin cements on the microtensile bond strength to a glass-ceramic pretreated with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) etching or alumina airborne-particle abrasion (AA). Cements were obtained from a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA mixture filled with 60 mass% micron-sized (1 ± 0.2 µm) or submicron-sized (180 ± 30 µm) Ba-Si-Al glass particles. Ceramic blocks (PM9; VITA) were treated with 10% HFA for 60 s or AA for 15 s. Silane and adhesive were applied. Ceramic blocks were bonded to resin composite blocks (Z250; 3M ESPE) using one of the cements. Bonded specimens were sectioned into beams (n = 20/group) and subjected to microtensile bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls' tests (5%). Failure modes were classified under magnification. Morphologies of the treated ceramic surfaces and bonded interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The HFA-submicron group had lower bond strengths than the other groups. All AA-submicron specimens debonded prematurely. Mixed failures were predominant for HFA groups, whereas interfacial failures predominated for AA groups. SEM revealed a honeycomb-like aspect in the HFA-treated ceramic, whereas the AA-treated groups showed an irregular retentive pattern. Continuity of cement infiltration along the bonded interface was more uniform for HFA-treated compared to AA-treated specimens. Cracks toward the bulk of the ceramic were observed in AA-treated specimens. Particle size significantly influenced the ceramic bond strength, whereas surface treatment had a minor effect.

Resilient Attachments as an Alternative to Conventional Cast Clasp Removable Partial Denture: 3-Year Follow-up.

The present clinical report describes the prosthodontic management for a patient with uncontrolled bleeding and diabetes mellitus treated with a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular partial fixed dental prosthesis designed to interface with a removable cast framework partial denture retained by 2 ERA attachments. This approach was undertaken to improve both retention and stability of the distal extension Kennedy Class I removable partial denture. The rehabilitation provided better anterior esthetics than if treated with a conventional clasp retained removable partial denture, by employing a simple, practical design and offering a significant biomechanical advantages, restoring both oral health and function. Thus, this treatment modality, involving an ERA system and transfixation in fixed crowns, is an effective treatment and can be indicated as a clinical alternative for edentulous and partially edentulous patients with systemic disorders or for patients in economic situations that might preclude implant-based rehabilitation.

Can we close large prosthetic space with orthodontics?

For years, the treatment for the replacement of a missing tooth was a fixed dental prosthesis. Currently, implants are indicated to replace missing teeth due to high clinical success and with the advantage of not performing preparations in the adjacent tooth. Another option for space closure is the use of orthodontics associated to miniscrews for anchorage allowing better control of the orthodontic biomechanics and especially making possible closure of larger prosthetic spaces. Thus, this article describes two cases with indications and discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using orthodontics for prosthetic spaces closure. The cases herein presented show that it is possible to close an space when there are available teeth in the adjacent area. It can be concluded that when a malocclusion is present there will be a strong trend to indicate space closure by orthodontic movement as it preserves natural teeth and seems a more physiological approach.

Prevention and treatment of Candida colonization on denture liners: a systematic review.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Denture liners are well known for their poor physical properties that favor the accumulation of plaque and colonization by Candida species, which can irritate the oral tissues and lead to denture stomatitis. PURPOSE: A systematic review was conducted to determine the feasibility of a prevention protocol for Candida colonization in denture liners and an effective treatment after the fungi has colonized the material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical and in vitro investigations that assessed the treatment and/or prevention of Candida colonization and biofilm formation in denture liners were selected according to the PRISMA statement. Seven electronic databases were searched from 1950 to April 2012 with the keywords "denture liner" OR "reline*" OR "tissue conditioner" AND "Candida" OR "denture stomatitis" OR "oral candidiasis" OR "antifungal agents" OR "denture clean*". RESULTS: The incorporation of nystatin (in general, 500 000 units) into tissue conditioners to prevent the onset of the disease and immersion in sodium hypochlorite for disinfection were the methods most often described in this systematic review, and both methods were able to prevent or inhibit Candida colonization, depending on their concentrations. The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite concentration can disinfect tissue conditioners and denture liners. Microwave irradiation has also been described an alternative method of disinfection. Because of a lack of standardized results (especially with regard to the method used to perform microbial counts), a meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS: The literature suggests that the use of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite can help disinfect denture liners and tissue conditioners. The incorporation of nystatin in those materials is also able to treat or prevent oral candidiasis. However, as most of the studies were in vitro, there is insufficient reliable evidence to truly provide recommendations regarding the ideal cleaning method or whether the addition of antifungal agents is worthwhile. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to provide answers to these questions.

Biofilm formation on denture liners in a randomised controlled in situ trial.

OBJECTIVES: This randomised clinical trial assessed how biofilm development and composition is affected by time and denture material type in denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis. METHODS: Specimens of acrylic resin (control) and denture liners (silicone-based or acrylic resin based, depending on the experimental phase) were inserted into the surface intaglio of 30 denture wearers. Biofilm was formed in two phases of 21 days, and counts of viable micro-organisms in the accumulating biofilm were determined after 7, 14 and 21 days of biofilm formation. Data were analysed by three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test to assess differences among health condition (healthy or with denture stomatitis), materials and time point. RESULTS: Non-albicans Candida species counts were higher in diseased patients with silicone-based denture liners (p=0.01). Denture stomatitis patients showed higher mutans streptococci counts after 7 days (p=0.0041). CONCLUSIONS: Longer biofilm formation time periods did not result in differences on biofilm composition. The denture liners evaluated in this study accumulate greater amount of biofilm, and therefore their use should be carefully planned. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The silicone-based denture liner tested should be used cautiously in patients with denture stomatitis as it showed increased non-albicans species counts, known to be difficult to treat.

Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations.

This study investigated the effect of sealant application on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Cavities in bovine incisors were restored with composite resin (Opallis; FGM) and the teeth were assigned to 4 groups (n=10). A sealant (Fill Glaze; Vigodent) was applied over the restorations of 2 groups. Baseline color measurements based on the CIEL*a*b* system were carried out using a spectrophotometer. Half the number of specimens was immersed in distilled water, and half was immersed in coffee 4 h/day. Color measurements were repeated after 1 h, 24 h, 7 days and 3 months. Data for each immersion solution were separately subjected to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). For the group without sealant immersed in water, no significant differences were observed among the periods (p ≥ 0.138), but the color was different compared with baseline (p<0.001). For the group with sealant application, the periods baseline, 1 h and 3 months presented similar results (p ≥ 0.924). For groups immersed in coffee, when the sealant was not used, no significant differences were detected between the baseline and the periods 1 h and 24 h (p ≥ 0.499), but the color changed significantly thereafter (p ≤ 0.003). In the group with sealant, significant differences were detected for all periods compared with each other (p<0.001). In conclusion, application of sealant dramatically increased the staining of the restorations exposed to coffee.

Effect of surface sealant on the color stability of composite resin restorations

This study investigated the effect of sealant application on the color stability of composite resin restorations. Cavities in bovine incisors were restored with composite resin (Opallis; FGM) and the teeth were assigned to 4 groups (n=10). A sealant (Fill Glaze; Vigodent) was applied over the restorations of 2 groups. Baseline color measurements based on the CIEL*a*b* system were carried out using a spectrophotometer. Half the number of specimens was immersed in distilled water, and half was immersed in coffee 4 h/day. Color measurements were repeated after 1 h, 24 h, 7 days and 3 months. Data for each immersion solution were separately subjected to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). For the group without sealant immersed in water, no significant differences were observed among the periods (p≥0.138), but the color was different compared with baseline (p<0.001). For the group with sealant application, the periods baseline, 1 h and 3 months presented similar results (p≥0.924). For groups immersed in coffee, when the sealant was not used, no significant differences were detected between the baseline and the periods 1 h and 24 h (p≥0.499), but the color changed significantly thereafter (p≤0.003). In the group with sealant, significant differences were detected for all periods compared with each other (p<0.001). In conclusion, application of sealant dramatically increased the staining of the restorations exposed to coffee.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito da aplicação de selante na estabilidade de cor de restaurações de compósito. Cavidades foram restauradas em incisivos bovinos com resina composta (Opallis, FGM) e os dentes separados em quatro grupos (n=10). O selante (Fill Glaze; Vigodent) foi aplicado sobre as restaurações em dois grupos. Aferição inicial de cor baseada no sistema CIEL*a*b* foi realizada com espectrofotômetro. Metade do número de espécimes foi imersa em água destilada, e metade imersa 4 h/dia em café. Aferições de cor foram repetidas após 1 h, 24 h, 7 dias e 3 meses. Os dados para cada solução de imersão foram submetidos separadamente à Análise de Variância de 2 vias para medidas repetidas e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Para o grupo sem selante imerso em água, não foram observadas diferenças entre os períodos (p≥0,138), mas a cor foi diferente comparada à inicial (p<0,001). Para o grupo com selante, os períodos inicial, 1 h e 3 meses apresentaram resultados similares (p≥0,924). Para os grupos imersos em café, quando o selante não foi utilizado, não foram detectadas diferenças entre os períodos inicial, 1 h e 24 h (p≥0,499), mas a cor alterou significativamente após (p≤0,003). No grupo com selante, diferenças significativas foram detectadas para todos os períodos comparados entre si (p<0,001). Em conclusão, a aplicação de selante aumentou drasticamente o manchamento das restaurações expostas ao café.