ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Inflammation following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory response between low radial force valves (Acurate neo2, Boston Scientific) and high radial force valves (Evolut R/Pro, Medtronic; SAPIEN Edwards Lifesciences; and Myval, Meril valves). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with TAVI between 2021 and 2022. The primary endpoint was the difference in the inflammatory response between low radial force valves and high radial force valves, measured as the difference between post-procedural and pre-procedural high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hsCRP delta). RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were included, of which 65 patients (57%) received a low radial force valve. The hsCRP delta was lower in the low radial force valve group compared to the high radial force valve group (8.7 [2.1-15.6] mg/L vs. 18.8 mg/dL [6.4-19] mg/L; P=0.003), due to a lower post-implantation hsCRP (8.9 [5.45-19.6] mg/L vs. 15.8 [9.8-27.3] mg/L; P=0.013). The incidence of new left bundle branch block (LBBB) after TAVI was lower in the low radial force valve group compared to the high radial force valve group (11 [17%] vs. 18 [37%]; P=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Low radial force TAVI prostheses were associated with a lower inflammatory response, and a lower incidence of new LBBB compared to the radial force valve group, suggesting that inflammation may contribute to the increased risk of conduction disturbances.
Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis , C-Reactive Protein , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Inflammation , Severity of Illness Index , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Humans , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Aged, 80 and over , Inflammation/etiology , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Aged , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Prosthesis Design , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently affects multiple segments of the limbs. Contradictory data have reported worse prognosis in aortoiliac lesions, nevertheless, diabetes and chronic limb ischemia frequently affects the infrapatellar territory. Our aim was to assess the impact of infrapatellar disease in cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study at a university hospital in Argentina. Electronic health records were retrospectively reviewed including symptomatic PAD patients requiring revascularization. A multivariable regression model was performed to account for confounders. The primary endpoint was a composite of hospitalizations due to chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and major amputation events between infrapatellar and suprapatellar patients. Minor amputation events, all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were secondary endpoints. Results: From January 2014 through July 2020, a total of 309 patients were included in the analysis. 151 patients had suprapatellar disease, and 158 had infrapatellar disease. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 35 patients (22.2%) in the infrapatellar patients and 18 patients (11.9%) in the suprapatellar patients (HR = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.22-3.82]; p = 0.008). Both components of the primary outcomes occurred more frequently in infrapatellar patients. Minor amputation events were more prevalent in infrapatellar patients (HR = 5.09; 95% CI = [1.47-17.6]; p = 0.010). Death, MI, stroke, and MACE events were not different among groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Infrapatellar disease was an independent factor for increased hospitalization of CLTI, major and minor amputations events, compared to suprapatellar disease in symptomatic revascularized PAD patients.
Resumen Objetivo: La enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP) afecta generalmente múltiples segmentos de los miembros. Existe información contradictoria con respecto al pronóstico de pacientes con enfermedad aortoilíaca, sin embargo, la diabetes y la enfermedad critica de miembros inferiores habitualmente afecta el territorio infrapatelar. Nuestro objetivo es determinar el impacto de la afectación infrapatelar en eventos cardiovasculares. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional en un hospital universitario de Argentina. Se revisó la historia clínica electrónica de pacientes con EVP con requerimiento de revascularización. Se generó un modelo de regresión multivariado incluyendo variables clínicamente relevantes. El punto final primario fue un combinado de hospitalización por isquemia crítica y amputaciones mayores entre pacientes con afectación infrapatelar y suprapatelar. Amputaciones menores, muerte por todas las causas, infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y un combinado de eventos cardiovasculares (MACE) fueron los puntos secundarios. Resultados: Se reclutó un total de 309 pacientes desde enero de 2014 hasta julio de 2020. 151 pacientes presentaron enfermedad suprapatelar y 158 infrapatelar. El punto final primario ocurrió en 35 pacientes (22.2%) en el grupo infrapatelar y en 18 pacientes (11.9%) en suprapatelares (HR 2.16; intervalo de confianza 95% [1.22-3.82]; p = 0.008). Ambos componentes ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con afectación infrapatelar. Los eventos de amputación menor fueron mas prevalentes en pacientes con afectación infrapatelar (HR 5.09; IC95% [1.47-17.6]; p = 0.010) La mortalidad por todas las causas, IAM, ACV y MACE no fueron diferentes entre los grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusión: La enfermedad infrapatelar fue un factor independiente para mayor riesgo de hospitalización por isquemia critica, amputación mayor y menor comparado con pacientes con afectación suprapatelar en EVP sintomática revascularizada.
ABSTRACT
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently affects multiple segments of the limbs. Contradictory data have reported worse prognosis in aortoiliac lesions, nevertheless, diabetes and chronic limb ischemia frequently affects the infrapatellar territory. Our aim was to assess the impact of infrapatellar disease in cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study at a university hospital in Argentina. Electronic health records were retrospectively reviewed including symptomatic PAD patients requiring revascularization. A multivariable regression model was performed to account for confounders. The primary endpoint was a composite of hospitalizations due to chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and major amputation events between infrapatellar and suprapatellar patients. Minor amputation events, all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were secondary endpoints. Results: From January 2014 through July 2020, a total of 309 patients were included in the analysis. 151 patients had suprapatellar disease, and 158 had infrapatellar disease. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 35 patients (22.2%) in the infrapatellar patients and 18 patients (11.9%) in the suprapatellar patients (HR = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]= [1.22-3.82]; p = 0.008). Both components of the primary outcomes occurred more frequently in infrapatellar patients.Minor amputation events were more prevalent in infrapatellar patients (HR = 5.09; 95% CI = [1.47-17.6]; p = 0.010). Death,MI, stroke, and MACE events were not different among groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Infrapatellar disease was anindependent factor for increased hospitalization of CLTI, major and minor amputations events, compared to suprapatellardisease in symptomatic revascularized PAD patients.
Objetivo: La enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP) afecta generalmente múltiples segmentos de los miembros. Existe información contradictoria con respecto al pronóstico de pacientes con enfermedad aortoilíaca, sin embargo, la diabetes y la enfermedad critica de miembros inferiores habitualmente afecta el territorio infrapatelar. Nuestro objetivo es determinar el impacto de la afectación infrapatelar en eventos cardiovasculares. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional en un hospital universitario de Argentina. Se revisó la historia clínica electrónica de pacientes con EVP con requerimiento de revascularización. Se generó un modelo de regresión multivariado incluyendo variables clínicamente relevantes. El punto final primario fue un combinado de hospitalización por isquemia crítica y amputaciones mayores entre pacientes con afectación infrapatelar y suprapatelar. Amputaciones menores, muerte por todas las causas, infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y un combinado de eventos cardiovasculares (MACE) fueron los puntos secundarios. Resultados: Se reclutó un total de 309 pacientes desde enero de 2014 hasta julio de 2020. 151 pacientes presentaron enfermedad suprapatelar y 158 infrapatelar. El punto final primario ocurrió en 35 pacientes (22.2%) en el grupo infrapatelar y en 18 pacientes (11.9%) en suprapatelares (HR 2.16; intervalo de confianza 95% [1.22-3.82]; p = 0.008). Ambos componentes ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con afectación infrapatelar. Los eventos de amputación menor fueron mas prevalentes en pacientes con afectación infrapatelar (HR 5.09; IC95% [1.47-17.6]; p = 0.010) La mortalidad por todas las causas, IAM, ACV y MACE no fueron diferentes entre los grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusión: La enfermedad infrapatelar fue un factor independiente para mayor riesgo de hospitalización por isquemia critica, amputación mayor y menor comparado con pacientes con afectación suprapatelar en EVP sintomática revascularizada.
Subject(s)
Endovascular Procedures , Myocardial Infarction , Peripheral Arterial Disease , Stroke , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Peripheral Arterial Disease/surgery , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Ischemia/etiology , Ischemia/surgery , Stroke/etiology , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Common femoral artery (CFA) is a critical segment of the lower-limb arterial tree. We sought to propose an extensive classification in order to appraise a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of CFA lesions with endovascular therapy was evaluated. We appraised the extension, the degree of stenosis and the calcium burden. A new group "IV" included lesions that started at the external iliac artery or common iliac artery extending into the CFA and affecting its bifurcation. The primary outcome was the need for a retrograde bailout access after failed anterograde access and the procedural time. RESULTS: From 2012 to 2020, a total of 58 lower limbs in patients with CFA lesions were included. New proposed group IV compromised 36% of lesions. Additionally, procedural time was significantly longer in group IV lesions compared with the rest (76.9 ± 32.23 min vs 47.67 ± 17.93 min, p < 0.01), as was the requirement of retrograde bailout access (23.8 vs 2.6%, p = 0.03). Occlusive lesions were associated with longer procedural times and bailout retrograde access compared to stenotic lesions (74.7 ± 33.6 min vs 48.29 ± 16 min, p < 0.001 and 26.1 vs 0%, p = 0.006, respectively), as well as heavy calcification compared to mild or moderate calcification (73.18 ± 28.15 vs 51.86 ± 25.1, p = 0.06 and 29.4 vs 2.4%, p = 0.009, respectively). Secondary clinical outcomes and target lesion revascularization did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our classification includes a new group of extensive and frequent lesions, which did not fit in previous classifications.
Subject(s)
Endovascular Procedures , Femoral Artery , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Iliac Artery/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This technical note aims to show a challenging endovascular treatment approach of a giant and tortuous ruptured popliteal artery aneurism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An 86-year-old male patient was admitted for acute lower right limb ischemia. Angio-MSCT showed highly calcified superficial femoral artery, with a 180° bend in distal portion, followed by a large popliteal aneurism (63 × 61 mm) with a large extent hematoma (142 × 112 × 104 mm). Endovascular approach was chosen due to high morbidity. RESULTS: Anterior puncture of right superficial femoral artery was performed under ultrasound guidance. Despite various intents, the 0.035 hydrophilic coated wire could not be crossed distally through the aneurism. Retrograde access was performed via tibio-peroneal trunk under fluoroscopic guidance with a micropuncture set. A stiff 0.035â³ Glidewire® was successfully advanced into the proximal portion of the aneurism through a 5F vertebral catheter externalized with a snare from the femoral sheath obtaining a "through-and-through wire" technique. Tightening of both ends of the wire helped gain support and straightened curves. Two stent grafts were implanted with no residual leak at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Anterograde and retrograde approach was useful to perform a through-and-through wire technique in a challenging case of a tortuous ruptured popliteal artery aneurism.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, Ruptured/therapy , Catheterization, Peripheral , Endovascular Procedures , Popliteal Artery , Aged, 80 and over , Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging , Catheterization, Peripheral/instrumentation , Endovascular Procedures/instrumentation , Humans , Male , Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Access DevicesABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Introducción: La miectomía septal ampliada constituye el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva sintomática, refractarios al tratamiento farmacológico. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados posoperatorios, el cambio en los síntomas y la evolución ecocardiográfica de una población sometida a miectomía septal ampliada por miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva sintomática. Material y métodos: Desde noviembre de 2011 a octubre de 2017, se intervino un total de 28 pacientes. Se analizaron la evolución posoperatoria, clínica y ecocardiográfica al alta y al seguimiento. Resultados: Edad promedio 53,3 ± 13,4 años. La mortalidad perioperatoria (< 30 días) fue del 0%. Un paciente falleció a los 90 días (3,5%). No se produjeron comunicaciones interventriculares, daño de la válvula aórtica ni se reemplazó la válvula mitral en ningún paciente. El 91% de ellos se encontraban con disnea en CF III-IV en el preoperatorio, los restantes tenían angina o síncope. En el seguimiento, el 92,8% estaban asintomáticos, 1 paciente en CF III y otro en CF II. El gradiente preoperatorio basal promedio fue de 53,5 mmHg y con valsalva 86,4 mmHg; los gradientes basal y con valsalva posoperatorios fueron 9,4 mmHg y 13,5 mmHg (p < 0,01). Al seguimiento, los gradientes en reposo y con valsalva fueron aún más bajos, 8,3 mmHg y 10,7 mmHg, respectivamente (p: NS). Nueve pacientes (32%) presentaban insuficiencia mitral moderada a grave previa por movimiento anterior sistólico o patología intrínseca mitral. Se detectó solo un paciente con insuficiencia mitral moderada asintomática en el seguimiento (3,5%). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 400 días, Pc 25-75 de 695 días (mínimo de 30 días y el máximo de 1868 días). Conclusión: Con la miectomía septal ampliada se obtiene una mejoría hemodinámica y clínica de los pacientes sintomáticos, con bajo número de complicaciones posoperatorias. Esto tiene como resultado una mejor calidad de vida.
ABSTRACT
The field of interventional cardiology has significantly evolved over 40 years by overcoming several challenges. The introduction of first-generation drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the rates of restenosis, but at the expense of an increase of late stent thrombosis. Prolonged antithrombotic therapy reduced rates of stent thrombosis, but at the cost of increased bleeding. Although the advent of second-generation drug-eluting stents subsequently reduced the incidence of late stent thrombosis, its permanent nature prevents full recovery of vascular structure and function with accordant risk of very late stent failure. In the present era of interventional cardiology, the tradeoff between stent thrombosis, restenosis, and bleeding presents as a particularly complex challenge. In this review, the authors highlight major contributors of late/very late stent thrombosis while targeting stent restenosis, and they discuss evolutionary advances in stent technology and antiplatelet therapy, to further improve upon the care of patients with coronary artery disease.
Subject(s)
Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control , Coronary Thrombosis/etiology , Drug-Eluting Stents/adverse effects , Neointima/prevention & control , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Humans , Hypersensitivity/etiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: El diagnóstico etiológico en pacientes con miocardiopatías en estadio avanzado puede ser un desafío. Un gran número de pacientes permanecen sin diagnóstico a pesar de una evaluación exhaustiva, por lo que quedan rotuladas como miocardiopatías dilatadas idiopáticas. Objetivos: Describir la etiología de la miocardiopatía en pacientes receptores de trasplante cardíaco según el diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante y su grado de concordancia con el diagnóstico anatomopatológico del corazón explantado. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos trasplantados en un hospital de alta complejidad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires desde 2003 hasta fines de 2013. Se efectuó un análisis de concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico del corazón explantado utilizando el coeficiente kappa. Resultados: Se analizaron 100 pacientes con una edad media en el momento del trasplante de 49,7 ± 12,5 años y una mediana de fracción de eyección del 26,6%. El diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante más frecuente fue el de miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática (37%), seguida por la miocardiopatía isquémico-necrótica (32%) y la miocardiopatía chagásica (10%). Entre los diagnósticos histopatológicos más frecuentes se encontraron el de miocardiopatía isquémico-necrótica (35%), de miocardiopatía hipertrófica (10%), de miocardiopatía chagásica (10%) y de miocarditis (8%); no se arribó a un diagnóstico causal en el 25% (miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática). El resultado del coeficiente kappa fue de 0,64 (IC 0,52-0,76). Conclusiones: Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes llegan al trasplante sin un diagnóstico etiológico. El análisis anatomopatológico permite identificar la causa en más de la mitad de estos pacientes. A pesar de que la concordancia entre el diagnóstico pretrasplante y la anatomía patológica fue estadísticamente buena, un porcentaje importante de pacientes podría beneficiarse con un diagnóstico etiológico más preciso, que podría tener implicaciones pronósticas, terapéuticas y/o en la evaluación de familiares.(AU)
Introduction: Etiologic diagnosis in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy can be challenging. A large number of patients remain undiagnosed despite a thorough evaluation, so they are classified as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies. Objectives: To describe the etiology of cardiomyopathy in heart transplant recipients according to pretransplant clinical diagnosis and its degree of agreement with the anatomopathological diagnosis of the explanted heart. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutively transplanted patients in a high complexity hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires from 2003 to the end of 2013. An agreement analysis between pretransplantation clinical diagnosis and anatomopathological diagnosis of the explanted heart was done using the kappa coefficient. Results: One-hundred patients with mean age of 49.7 ± 12.5 years at the time of transplantation and median ejection fraction of 26.6% were analyzed. The most common pretransplant clinical diagnosis was idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (37%), followed by ischemic-necrotic cardiomyopathy (32%) and Chagas cardiomyopathy (10%). The most common histopathological diagnoses were ischemic-necrotic cardiomyopathy (35%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10%), Chagas cardiomyopathy (10%) and myocarditis (8%); a causal diagnosis was not reached in 25% of cases (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy). The kappa coefficient was 0.64 (CI 0.52-0.76). Conclusions: Approximately one third of patients reach transplantation without an etiologic diagnosis. Anatomopathological analysis allows identifying the cause in more than half of these patients. Although the correlation between pretransplant diagnosis and pathological anatomy was statistically adequate, a significant percentage of patients could benefit from a more specific etiologic diagnosis, which may have prognostic, therapeutic and/or family assessment implications.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El diagnóstico etiológico en pacientes con miocardiopatías en estadio avanzado puede ser un desafío. Un gran número de pacientes permanecen sin diagnóstico a pesar de una evaluación exhaustiva, por lo que quedan rotuladas como miocardiopatías dilatadas idiopáticas. Objetivos: Describir la etiología de la miocardiopatía en pacientes receptores de trasplante cardíaco según el diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante y su grado de concordancia con el diagnóstico anatomopatológico del corazón explantado. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos trasplantados en un hospital de alta complejidad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires desde 2003 hasta fines de 2013. Se efectuó un análisis de concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico del corazón explantado utilizando el coeficiente kappa. Resultados: Se analizaron 100 pacientes con una edad media en el momento del trasplante de 49,7 ± 12,5 años y una mediana de fracción de eyección del 26,6%. El diagnóstico clínico pretrasplante más frecuente fue el de miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática (37%), seguida por la miocardiopatía isquémico-necrótica (32%) y la miocardiopatía chagásica (10%). Entre los diagnósticos histopatológicos más frecuentes se encontraron el de miocardiopatía isquémico-necrótica (35%), de miocardiopatía hipertrófica (10%), de miocardiopatía chagásica (10%) y de miocarditis (8%); no se arribó a un diagnóstico causal en el 25% (miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática). El resultado del coeficiente kappa fue de 0,64 (IC 0,52-0,76). Conclusiones: Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes llegan al trasplante sin un diagnóstico etiológico. El análisis anatomopatológico permite identificar la causa en más de la mitad de estos pacientes. A pesar de que la concordancia entre el diagnóstico pretrasplante y la anatomía patológica fue estadísticamente buena, un porcentaje importante de pacientes podría beneficiarse con un diagnóstico etiológico más preciso, que podría tener implicaciones pronósticas, terapéuticas y/o en la evaluación de familiares.
Introduction: Etiologic diagnosis in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy can be challenging. A large number of patients remain undiagnosed despite a thorough evaluation, so they are classified as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies. Objectives: To describe the etiology of cardiomyopathy in heart transplant recipients according to pretransplant clinical diagnosis and its degree of agreement with the anatomopathological diagnosis of the explanted heart. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutively transplanted patients in a high complexity hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires from 2003 to the end of 2013. An agreement analysis between pretransplantation clinical diagnosis and anatomopathological diagnosis of the explanted heart was done using the kappa coefficient. Results: One-hundred patients with mean age of 49.7 ± 12.5 years at the time of transplantation and median ejection fraction of 26.6% were analyzed. The most common pretransplant clinical diagnosis was idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (37%), followed by ischemic-necrotic cardiomyopathy (32%) and Chagas cardiomyopathy (10%). The most common histopathological diagnoses were ischemic-necrotic cardiomyopathy (35%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10%), Chagas cardiomyopathy (10%) and myocarditis (8%); a causal diagnosis was not reached in 25% of cases (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy). The kappa coefficient was 0.64 (CI 0.52-0.76). Conclusions: Approximately one third of patients reach transplantation without an etiologic diagnosis. Anatomopathological analysis allows identifying the cause in more than half of these patients. Although the correlation between pretransplant diagnosis and pathological anatomy was statistically adequate, a significant percentage of patients could benefit from a more specific etiologic diagnosis, which may have prognostic, therapeutic and/or family assessment implications.