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BACKGROUND: With the emergence of multidrug-resistant infections, healthcare professionals must evaluate the effectiveness of empiric antibiotic treatments. AIMS: To assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of microorganisms causing spontaneous infections in patients with cirrhosis and to evaluate the suitability of empiric antibiotic treatments based on major clinical guidelines. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized two datasets from prospective studies of patients with cirrhosis and culture-positive spontaneous bacterial infections in Argentina and Uruguay. We estimated susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics and assessed coverage following European and American recommendations. RESULTS: We analyzed 238 episodes of culture-positive spontaneous infections in 229 patients. When implementing the recommendations for empiric treatment of community-acquired spontaneous infections, ceftazidime would result in 39 % coverage, whereas ceftriaxone would reach 70 %. Cefepime, which is not included in the recommendations, would have provided coverage of 74 %. Using ertapenem for nosocomial infections would have only covered 56 % of these episodes, whereas meropenem or imipenem reached 73 % coverage. Only the combination of meropenem or imipenem plus vancomycin would achieve a coverage surpassing 85 % in healthcare-associated or nosocomial spontaneous bacterial infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our study uncovers inadequate coverage in specific clinical scenarios when adhering to recommendations, underscoring the necessity of guidelines based on local epidemiological data.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: there is insufficient data regarding bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis to support recommendations for empiric antibiotic treatments, particularly in Latin America. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial infection's clinical impact and microbiological characteristics, intending to serve as a platform to revise current practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from Argentina and Uruguay. Patient and infection-related information were collected, focusing on microbiology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and outcomes. RESULTS: 472 patients were included. Spontaneous bacterial infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were registered in 187 (39.6%) and 116 (24.6%) patients, respectively, representing the most common infections. Of the 256 culture-positive infections, 103 (40.2%) were caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (reaching 50% for UTI), and 181 (70.7%) received adequate initial antibiotic treatment. The coverage of cefepime and ceftriaxone was over 70% for the empirical treatment of community-acquired spontaneous infections, but ceftazidime´s coverage was only 40%. For all UTI cases and for healthcare-associated or nosocomial spontaneous bacterial infections, the lower-spectrum antibiotics that covered at least 70% of the isolations were imipenem and meropenem. During hospitalization, a second bacterial infection was diagnosed in 9.8% of patients, 23.9% required at least one organ support, and 19.5% died. CONCLUSIONS: short-term mortality of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis is very high, and a high percentage were caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, particularly in UTIs. The information provided might serve to adapt recommendations, particularly related to empirical antibiotic treatment in Argentina and Uruguay. The study was registered in Clinical Trials (NCT03919032).
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Community-Acquired Infections , Cross Infection , Urinary Tract Infections , Humans , Prospective Studies , Argentina/epidemiology , Uruguay/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Bacteria , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
It is unclear whether norfloxacin predisposes to infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). We aimed to evaluate if patients with cirrhosis receiving norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections were more likely to present a multidrug-resistant isolate than those without prophylaxis. This is a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from Argentina and Uruguay (NCT03919032) from September 2018 to December 2020. The outcome variable was a multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of norfloxacin on infection caused by MDROs considering potential confounders. Among the 472 patients from 28 centers, 53 (11%) were receiving norfloxacin at the time of the bacterial infection. Patients receiving norfloxacin had higher MELD-sodium, were more likely to have ascites or encephalopathy, to receive rifaximin, beta-blockers, and proton-pump inhibitors, to have a nosocomial or health-care-associated infection, prior bacterial infections, admissions to critical care units or invasive procedures, and to be admitted in a liver transplant center. In addition, we found that 13 (24.5%) patients with norfloxacin and 90 (21.5%) of those not receiving it presented infections caused by MDROs (adjusted OR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.60-4.03; p = 0.360). The use of norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections was not associated with multidrug resistance. These results help empiric antibiotic selection and reassure the current indication of norfloxacin prophylaxis in well-selected patients.Study registration number: NCT03919032.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Peritonitis , Humans , Norfloxacin/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/microbiology , Peritonitis/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effectsABSTRACT
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Abstract: Introduction: Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients are a frequent complication, which occurs mainly in advanced stages of the disease. Non-spontaneous infections or infections not related to portal hypertension include mainly those of the urinary tract, acute pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections. They generate a significant impact on the evolution of the disease, since they increase morbidity and mortality, and are also the most common precipitating factor of acute over chronic liver failure, a serious condition with high short-term mortality. The objective of this work is to know the incidence, and describe the clinical, epidemiological, microbiological, and evolutionary characteristics of non-spontaneous bacterial infections, in patients with liver cirrhosis, admitted to the Military Hospital, in the period between March 2018 and December 2020. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive and single-center study was carried out, which included hospitalized patients, diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, who presented a bacterial infection not related to portal hypertension on admission or during hospital stay. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and summary measures for the different variables. The incidence of non-spontaneous bacterial infections was calculated based on the total population of cirrhotic patients admitted during that period. Results: Of the total number of cirrhotic patients admitted, 17.5% had a bacterial infection not linked to portal hypertension, with a mean age of 61 years, 70% being men. The main etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholic. The vast majority of patients (95%) presented an advanced stage of liver disease (60% Child-Pugh stage B and 35% stage C), with a mean MELD-Na of 21. The most frequent infection was that of the urinary tract (50%), followed by acute pneumonia (20%), skin and soft tissue infections (10%) and acute cholangitis (10%). The most prevalent microorganisms were gram negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. 40% of the patients presented acute-on-chronic liver failure at the time of admission and an additional 5% developed it during evolution. Of this group of patients, 20% died during hospitalization. Conclusions: The present study constitutes an approximation to the knowledge of non-spontaneous infections in cirrhotic patients, being necessary the development of studies with a greater number of patients in order to establish a statistically significant association between the presence of bacterial infection and the development of acute on chronic liver failure, and from this with short-term mortality.
Resumo: Introdução: Infecções bacterianas em pacientes cirróticos são uma complicação frequente, que ocorre principalmente em estágios avançados da doença. Infecções não espontâneas ou infecções não relacionadas à hipertensão portal incluem principalmente aquelas do trato urinário, pneumonia aguda e infecções de pele e tecidos moles. Geram um impacto significativo na evolução da doença, pois aumentam a morbidade e a mortalidade, sendo também o fator precipitante mais comum da insuficiência hepática aguda sobre a crônica, uma condição grave com alta mortalidade em curto prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a incidência e descrever as características clínicas, epidemiológicas, microbiológicas e evolutivas das infecções bacterianas não espontâneas, em pacientes com cirrose hepática, internados no Hospital Militar, no período entre Março de 2018 e dezembro de 2020. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e unicêntrico, que incluiu pacientes internados, com diagnóstico de cirrose hepática, que apresentavam infecção bacteriana não vinculada à hipertensão portal na admissão ou durante a internação. Os dados foram analisados ââpor meio de distribuição de frequência e medidas de resumo para as diferentes variáveis. A incidência de infecções bacterianas não espontâneas foi calculada com base na população total de pacientes cirróticos admitidos nesse período. Do total de cirróticos admitidos, 17,5% apresentavam infecção bacteriana não ligada à hipertensão portal, com média de idade de 61 anos, sendo 70% homens. A principal etiologia da cirrose foi alcoólica. A grande maioria dos pacientes (95%) apresentava doença hepática em estágio avançado (60% Child-Pugh estágio B e 35% estágio C), com média de MELD-Na de 21. A infecção mais frequente foi a do trato urinário (50%), seguida de pneumonia aguda (20%), infecções de pele e tecidos moles (10%) e colangite aguda (10%). Os microrganismos mais prevalentes foram bacilos gram negativos como Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli. 40% dos pacientes apresentavam insuficiência hepática aguda-crônica no momento da admissão e outros 5% a desenvolveram durante a evolução. Desse grupo de pacientes, 20% morreram durante a internação. Conclusões: O presente estudo constitui uma aproximação ao conhecimento das infecções não espontâneas em pacientes cirróticos, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos com maior número de pacientes a fim de estabelecer uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de infecção bacteriana e o desenvolvimento de quadro agudo de insuficiência hepática crônica, e a partir disso com mortalidade a curto prazo.
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Resumen: Los pacientes cirróticos hospitalizados presentan una alta prevalencia de infecciones bacterianas. Entre ellas, las denominadas infecciones espontáneas del cirrótico, que incluyen la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea, la bacteriemia espontánea y el empiema bacteriano espontáneo, constituyen un grupo particular, con un elevado riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir y caracterizar las infecciones espontáneas en el cirrótico, la microbiología prevalente y su perfil de resistencia antibiótica, en 2 centros asistenciales de Montevideo-Uruguay. Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y multicéntrico, que incluyó pacientes con cirrosis hepática hospitalizados, en el periodo marzo 2018-marzo 2019. Del total de pacientes ingresados con cirrosis (156), 25 (16%) desarrollaron una infección espontánea del cirrótico. En 24 de estos pacientes (96%) la cirrosis se encontraba en estadios avanzados (Child-Pugh B-C, MELD>15). La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (52%), seguida de la bacteriemia espontánea (40%) y del empiema bacteriano espontáneo (8%). El aislamiento microbiológico fue posible en 17 casos (68%). En 12 de ellos (70%) se aislaron bacilos Gram negativos, en 4 (24%) bacilos Gram positivos, y Candida en 1 solo caso. Se identificaron 3 cepas productoras de BLEE (2 K. pneumoniae y 1 E. coli), y 4 microorganismos con otros perfiles de resistencia antibiótica (2 E. faecalis, 1 K. oxytoca, 1 E. cloacae). La prevalencia de microorganismos multirresistentes fue del 41%, siendo todos los casos en el grupo de adquisición nosocomial. La realización de otros estudios en esta área podría aproximarnos al conocimiento de la epidemiología local, para la optimización de los tratamientos empíricos dirigidos a los microorganismos más prevalentes, con el objetivo de mejorar el abordaje de las infecciones en los pacientes con cirrosis.
Abstract: Hospitalized cirrhotic patients present with a high prevalence of bacterial infections. Among them, spontaneous cirrhotic infections include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial empyema, which constitute a particular group, with a high risk of complications and mortality. The work above aims to describe and characterize the spontaneous infections in the cirrhotic, the prevalent microbiology and its resistance profile, in 2 healthcare centers in Montevideo-Uruguay. A multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study was held, including hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis, between March 2018 - March 2019. 25 (16%) of the 156 patients admitted with cirrhosis developed a spontaneous cirrhotic infection. 24 (96%) of these patients were in an advanced stage of their disease, (Child-Pugh B-C, MELD>15). The most frequent presentation was the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (52%), followed by the spontaneous bacteremia (40%) and the spontaneous bacterial empyema (8%). Microbiological isolation was possible in 17 cases (68%), of which 12 (70%) developed gram negative bacilli, 4 (24%) gram positive bacilli and 1 case Candida. 3 ESBL producing strains were identified, (2 K. pneumoniae and 1 E. coli), and other 4 microorganisms with different antibiotic resistance profile (2 E. faecalis, 1 K. oxytoca, 1 E. cloacae). The prevalence of multiresistant microorganisms was 41%, all of nosocomial acquisition. Research on this topic may provide more knowledge about the local epidemiology, improving the empiric treatments, targeting the most prevalent microorganisms, in order to better approach the infections in cirrhotic patients.
Resumo: Pacientes cirróticos hospitalizados presentam alta prevalência de infecções bacterianas. Dentre elas, as chamadas infecções cirróticas espontâneas, que incluem a peritonite bacteriana espontânea, a bacteremia espontânea e o empiema bacteriano espontâneo, constituem um grupo particular, com alto risco de complicações e mortalidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever e caracterizar as infecções espontâneas em pacientes cirróticos, a microbiologia prevalente e seu perfil de resistência aos antibióticos, em 2 centros de saúde em Montevidéu-Uruguai. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e multicêntrico, que incluiu pacientes hospitalizados com cirrose hepática, no período de março de 2018 a março de 2019. Do total de pacientes internados com cirrose (156), 25 (16%) desenvolveram infecção cirrótica espontânea. A cirrose estava em estágios avançados, em 24 desses pacientes (96%) (Child-Pugh B-C, MELD > 15). A forma de apresentação mais frequente foi peritonite bacteriana espontânea (52%), seguida de bacteremia espontânea (40%) e empiema bacteriano espontâneo (8%). O isolamento microbiológico foi possível em 17 casos (68%). Em 12 deles (70%) foram isolados bacilos Gram negativos, em 4 (24%) bacilos Gram positivos e Candida em apenas 1 caso. Foram identificadas 3 cepas produtoras de ESBL (2 K. pneumoniae e 1 E. coli) e 4 microrganismos com outros perfis de resistência a antibióticos (2 E. faecalis, 1 K. oxytoca, 1 E. cloacae). A prevalência de microrganismos multirresistentes foi de 41%, todos no grupo de aquisição nosocomial. A realização de outros estudos nesta área poderá nos aproximar do conhecimento da epidemiologia local, para a otimização de tratamentos empíricos direcionados aos microrganismos mais prevalentes, com o objetivo de melhorar o manejo de infecções em pacientes com cirrose.
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Resumen: Introducción: La hepatitis autoinmune es una enfermedad cuya presentación clínica inicial puede manifestarse de diversas formas, siendo su presentación aguda con aumento de los niveles de bilirrubina, caída de la función biosintética y necrosis masiva/submasiva o cirrosis en la histología, marcadores de severidad de la misma. La decisión de iniciar tratamiento con corticoides en este escenario resulta un desafío en la práctica clínica. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el grado de respuesta al tratamiento, los predictores de respuesta, y la supervivencia global y libre de trasplante en pacientes cuyo debut clínico fue de forma aguda y severa. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 33 pacientes con bilirrubina total mayor a 2.5 mg/dl, sin tratamiento previo (naive), que cumplían criterios diagnósticos según el grupo internacional de hepatitis autoinmune. El 97% eran mujeres con una mediana de edad de 52 años, el 58% se encontraba en etapa de cirrosis con un MELD promedio de 24, y el 15% presentaba una necrosis masiva/submasiva en la muestra de biopsia hepática. En 27 casos se inició corticoterapia. El 66.7 % evolucionó con remisión completa, 14.8 % con remisión parcial, y en 18.5% hubo falla al tratamiento corticoideo. La colesterolemia basal y la presencia de encefalopatía hepática fueron predictores de no respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo, mientras que el MELD pre-tratamiento y la colesterolemia basal fueron las variables estadísticamente significativas asociadas a falla en el rescate del trasplante hepático. En los pacientes tratados con corticoides, la supervivencia global y libre de trasplante a 5 años en función del MELD (<25 vs ≥ 25) fue del 90% vs 60% respectivamente. Conclusión: Las altas tasas supervivencia logradas bajo tratamiento médico que fueron evidenciadas en esta serie reafirman la necesidad de priorizar el uso de corticoides en pacientes con hepatitis autoinmune aguda y severa.
Abstract: Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis can initially manifest itself in various clinical ways. Its acute presentation with increased levels of bilirubin, fall of biosynthetic function and massive/submassive necrosis or cirrhosis in histology, is a marker of severity of it. The decision to start corticosteroid treatment in this scenario is a challenge in clinical practice. The objectives of this work were to assess the degree of response to treatment, response predictors, and overall and transplant-free survival in patients whose clinical debut was acute and severe. Results: 33 patients with total bilirubin greater than 2.5 mg/dL, without prior (naive) treatment, who met diagnostic criteria according to the international autoimmune hepatitis group, were included. 97% were women with a median age of 52, 58% were in the cirrhosis stage with an average MELD of 24, and 15% had massive/submassive necrosis in the liver biopsy sample. In 27 cases treatment with cortiocosteroids was initiated, 66.7% evolved with complete remission, 14.8% with partial remission, and in 18.5% there was failure of corticosteroid treatment. Basal cholesterol and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy were predictors of non-response to corticosteroid treatment, while pre-treatment MELD and basal cholesterol were the statistically significant variables associated with liver transplant rescue failure. In patients treated with corticosteroids, overall and transplant-free survival at 5 years based on MELD (<25 vs ≥ 25) was 90% vs 60% respectively. Conclusion: The high survival rates achieved under medical treatment that were demonstrated in this series reaffirm the need to prioritize the use of corticosteroids in patients with acute and severe autoimmune hepatitis.
Resumo: Introdução: A hepatite autoimune é uma doença cuja apresentação clínica inicial pode se manifestar de várias formas, sendo sua apresentação aguda com níveis elevados de bilirrubina, descida na função biossintética e necrose maciça/submassiva ou cirrose em histologia, marcadores de gravidade dela. A decisão de iniciar o tratamento corticosteroide nesse cenário é um desafio na prática clínica. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o grau de resposta ao tratamento, preditores de resposta e sobrevida geral e livre de transplantes em pacientes cuja estréia clínica foi aguda e grave. Resultados: Foram incluídos 33 pacientes com bilirrubina total superior a 2,5 mg/dL, sem tratamento prévio (ingênuo), que atendiam aos critérios diagnósticos segundo o grupo internacional de hepatite autoimune. 97% eram mulheres com idade mediana de 52 anos, 58% estavam em estágio de cirrose com um MELD médio de 24, e 15% tinham necrose maciça/submassiva na amostra de biópsia hepática. Em 27 casos foi iniciado o tratamento médico e, em 6 casos, o transplante de fígado foi alcançado sem terapia prévia. 66,7% evoluíram com remissão completa, 14,8% com remissão parcial e, em 18,5%, houve falha no tratamento corticosteroide. O colesterol basal e a presença de encefalopatia hepática foram preditores de não resposta ao tratamento corticosteroide, enquanto o meld pré-tratamento e o colesterol basal foram as variáveis estatisticamente significativas associadas à falha de resgate do transplante de fígado. Em pacientes tratados com corticosteroides, a sobrevida geral e livre de transplante aos 5 anos com base no MELD (<25 vs ≥ 25) foi de 90% vs 60%, respectivamente. Conclusão: As altas taxas de sobrevivência alcançadas sob tratamento médico demonstrado nesta série reafirmam a necessidade de priorizar o uso de corticosteroides em pacientes com hepatite autoimune aguda e grave.
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Resumen: Introducción: el trasplante hepático (TH) constituye el tratamiento de elección en pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas severas e irreversibles, sin opción de tratamientos alternativos eficaces. La medición de indicadores de calidad permite detectar problemáticas susceptibles de ser mejoradas a fin de optimizar los resultados. Objetivo: presentar los resultados del Programa Nacional de Trasplante Hepático (PNTH) del Uruguay a 10 años de su implementación y compararlos con los estándares de calidad internacionales. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo de los TH realizados del 14/7/2009 al 14/7/2019. Resultados: N: 190 TH. Edad promedio: 45 años. Sexo: 60% hombres. MELD promedio al TH: 21. Principales indicaciones: cirrosis (59%) y hepatocarcinoma (21%). Mortalidad posoperatoria: 7,4% y perioperatoria: 2,1% (estándares <10% y 1%). Tasa de retrasplante: precoz 3,7% y tardío 4,2% (estándares <5% y 8%). Tasa de reintervención: 13,1% (estándar <10%) y de no función primaria: 2,6% (estándar <2%). Sobrevida: 86,6% al año, 81,8% a 3, 77,4% a 5 y 63,2% a 10 años (estándares >80, 75, 70 y 60%). Pacientes evaluados en menos de 30 días: 47% (estándar >75%). Tasa de hígados no implantados sin causa objetiva: 0,5% (estándar <1%). El 86% de los usuarios expresaron satisfacción (estándar >80%). Mortalidad en lista: 19% (estándar <15%). Mortalidad precoz con hígado funcionante: 1% (estándar <1%). Conclusiones: el PNTH del Uruguay cumple con la mayoría de los indicadores de calidad, presentando resultados en sobrevida por encima de los estándares internacionales.
Summary: Introduction: liver transplantation constitutes the first therapy chosen by patients with severe and irreversible liver conditions, when no effective alternative options are available. Measurement of quality indicators allow for the detection of problems that may be solved in order to optimize results. Objective: to present the results obtained in the National Program of Liver Transplantation in Uruguay, 10 years after its implementation and to compare them to international quality standards. Method: retrospective study of liver transplantations performed from July 14, 2009 through July 14, 2019. Results: N: 190 Liver transplantations (LT). Average age: 45 years old. Gender: 60% male. MELD average MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) upon LT: 21. Main indications: cirrhosis he(59%) y hepatocarcinoma (21%). Post-surgery mortality: 7.4% and peri-operative mortality 2.1% (standards <10 and 1%). Re-transplantation rate: early 3.7% and late 4.2% (standards <5% and 8%). Reoperation rate: 13.1% (standard <10%) and of non-primary function: 2.6% (standard <2%). Survival: 86.6% per year, 81.8% after 3 years, 77.4% after 5 and 63.2% after 10 years (standards >80, 75, 70 and 60%). Patients assessed in less than 30 days: 47% (standard >75%). Non-implanted livers with no objective cause rate: 0.5% (standard <1%). 86% of users stated they were satisfied (standard >80%). Mortality in the waiting list: 19% (standard <15%). Early mortality with functioning liver: 1% (standard <1%). Conclusions: national Program of Liver Transplantation in Uruguay meets most quality indicators standards, evidencing survival results that are above international standards.
Resumo: Introdução: o transplante de fígado (TH) é o tratamento de escolha em pacientes com doenças hepáticas graves e irreversíveis, sem a opção de tratamentos alternativos eficazes. A medição de indicadores de qualidade permite detectar problemas que podem ser melhorados para otimizar os resultados. Objetivo: apresentar os resultados do Programa Nacional de Transplante de Fígado (PNTH) do Uruguai 10 anos após sua implantação e compará-los com os padrões internacionais de qualidade. Materiais e métodos: estudo retrospectivo do HT realizado de 14/07/2009 a 14/07/2019. Resultados: N: 190 TH. Idade média: 45 anos. Sexo: 60% homens. Escala MELD média no TH: 21. Principais indicações: cirrose (59%) e hepatocarcinoma (21%). Mortalidade pós-operatória: 7,4% e peri-operatória 2,1% (padrões <10 e 1%). Taxa de retransplante: 3,7% inicial e 4,2% tardio (padrão <5% e 8%). Taxa de reintervenção: 13,1% (padrão <10%) e não função primária: 2,6% (padrão <2%). Sobrevivência: 86,6% em 1 ano, 81,8% em 3, 77,4% em 5 e 63,2% em 10 anos (padrões> 80, 75, 70 e 60%). Pacientes avaliados em menos de 30 dias: 47% (padrão> 75%). Taxa de fígados não implantados sem causa objetiva: 0,5% (padrão <1%). 86% dos usuários expressaram satisfação (padrão> 80%). Mortalidade em lista de espera: 19% (padrão <15%). Mortalidade precoce com fígado funcionante: 1% (padrão <1%). Conclusões: o PNTH do Uruguai cumpre a maioria dos indicadores de qualidade, apresentando resultados de sobrevivência acima dos padrões internacionais.
Subject(s)
Survival , Liver Transplantation , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Quality Improvement , UruguayABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
Propionibacterium acidipropionici produces propionic acid from different sugars and glycerol; the production can be improved by high cell density fermentations using immobilized cells that help to overcome the limitations of the non-productive lag phase and product inhibition. In this study, the use of stress factors to induce P. acidipropionici to form biofilm and its use as an immobilization procedure in fermentations in bioreactors for producing propionic acid was investigated. Citric acid and sodium chloride increased exopolysaccharide production, biofilm forming capacity index and trehalose production. Analysis of the expression of trehalose synthesis-related genes otsA and treY by RT-qPCR showed significantly increased expression of only treY during log phase with citric acid, while FISH analysis showed expression of treY and luxS under the influence of both stress factors. The stress factors were then used for development of microbial biofilms as immobilization procedure on Poraver® and AnoxKaldnes® carriers in recycle batch reactors for propionic acid production from 20 g/L glycerol. Highest productivities of 0.7 and 0.78 g/L/h were obtained in Poraver® reactors, and 0.39 and 0.43 g/L/h in AnoxKaldnes® reactors with citric acid and NaCl, respectively.
Subject(s)
Biofilms , Propionates/metabolism , Propionibacterium/metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Bioreactors/microbiology , Cells, Immobilized , Fermentation , Gene Expression Regulation , Genes, Bacterial , Glycerol/metabolism , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Propionibacterium/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/isolation & purification , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trehalose/metabolismABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Wilson's disease (WD) is an uncommon cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Our aim was to describe clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatments, and outcomes of patients with ALF due to WD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective medical record reviews of all patients with ALF due to WD in eight years in Uruguay. RESULTS: WD was the cause of six (15%) of thirty-nine ALF cases. All patients were females, with a mean age of 18 years. Four patients presented with hyperacute liver failure and two with acute failure. Jaundice was the main complaint of all patients. Mean total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (AP), AST, and ALT were 27.5 mg/dL, 45.5 lU/l, 156 IU/L, and 51 IU/L, respectively. Ceruloplasmin levels were low in four patients, urinary cooper was high in four, and two had Kayser-Fleischer rings. All patients had Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia, acute kidney injury, histochemical identifiable copper, and advanced fibrosis on liver histology. The average MELD score was 36. All patients were treated with d-penicillamine and listed for urgent liver transplantation (LT). Prometheus® was performed in one patient. Three patients died: two without LT and one after LT. Three patients survived: one without LT (New Wilson Index<11) and two with LT. The referral time to the program and the total time (referral plus waiting list time) were longer for non-survivors than for survivors (14 vs. 3 days and 23 vs. 8 respectively). CONCLUSION: All cases had typical clinical, analytical and histopathology characteristics. Early referral was determinant of prognosis.
Subject(s)
Hepatolenticular Degeneration/chemically induced , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Transplantation , Waiting Lists/mortality , Adolescent , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/mortality , Humans , Liver Failure, Acute/mortality , Liver Failure, Acute/surgery , Male , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate/trends , Time Factors , Uruguay/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen: La Hemocromatosis Hereditaria (HH) se define por la acumulación tisular de hierro, predominantemente en hígado, páncreas y miocardio, siendo una de las formas de sobrecarga férrica de causa congénita. El diagnóstico de HH en la edad adulta es poco frecuente en nuestro medio, y debe tenerse en cuenta ante hepatopatías crónicas de etiología incierta, más aún cuando se acompañan de elementos orientadores de afectación de otros tejidos. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente alcoholista que debuta clínicamente con una hemorragia digestiva, contexto en el cual se establece el diagnóstico de cirrosis. Dados los antecedentes familiares de hepatopatía crónica de etiología incierta, el reciente diagnóstico de diabetes, y ante el hallazgo de un perfil de sobrecarga férrica, a pesar del consumo problemático de alcohol, se solicitaron los estudios destinados a confirmar el planteo de HH. El estudio genético en busca de homocigosis del alelo C282Y para el gen HFE resultó positivo. Se iniciaron flebotomías seriadas con buena evolución posterior. Se presenta el caso clínico y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.
Abstract: Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is defined by tissue accumulation of iron, predominantly in theliver, pancreas and myocardium, being one of the forms of iron overload of congenital cause. The diagnosis of HH in adulthood is rare in our environment and must be taken into account in the presence of chronic liver disease of uncertain etiology. In this article we present a clinical case of an alcoholic patient who debuted clinically with a digestive bleeding, context in which the diagnosis of cirrhosis was established. Given the family history of chronic liver disease of uncertain etiology, the recent diagnosis of diabetes, and the finding of a profile of iron overload, despite problematic alcohol consumption, studies were requested to confirm the HH approach. The genetic study in search of homozygosis of the C282Y allele for the HFE gene was positive. Serial phlebotomies were started with favourable evolution at follow-up. The clinical case is presented, and a review of the literature is made.
Resumo: Hemocromatose hereditária (HH) por acumulação de ferro no tecido é definido predominantemente no fígado, no pâncreas e enfarte, uma das formas de sobrecarga de ferro causa congénita. Diagnóstico HH na idade adulta é raro em nossa área, e deve ser considerada a doença hepática crônica de etiologia desconhecida, mesmo quando acompanhadas por elementos de guia de envolvimento de outros tecidos. Este artigo apresenta o caso de um paciente com alcoolismo que estreou clinicamente com uma hemorragia digestiva, um contexto no qual o diagnóstico de cirrose é estabelecido. Dada a história familiar de doença hepática crônica de etiologia desconhecida, o diagnóstico recente de diabetes e antes da conclusão de um perfil de sobrecarga de ferro, apesar do uso problemático de álcool, estudos para confirmar a proposição de HH foram solicitados. O estudo genético em busca de homozigose do alelo C282Y para o gene HFE foi positivo. Flebotomias seriadas com boa evolução posterior foram iniciadas. O caso clínico é apresentado e uma revisão da literatura é feita.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La falla hepática es un problema de salud debido a su incidencia y su elevada mortalidad a corto plazo (40-80%). La súbita alteración de la función hepática lleva a las manifestaciones clínicas características, con desarrollo de encefalopatía hepática, ictericia, coagulopatía, susceptibilidad aumentada a infecciones, síndrome hepato-renal y falla multi-orgánica. Puede ocurrir en pacientes sin enfermedad hepática preexistente (Falla Hepática Aguda) o en un paciente con enfermedad hepática crónica que sufre una descompensación aguda (Falla Aguda sobre Crónica).El trasplante hepático sigue siendo la única alternativa terapéutica con beneficio demostrado en la sobrevida de estos pacientes. Sin embargo este no siempre puede llevarse a cabo debido a la escasez de órganos y/o la presencia de contraindicaciones para el mismo. En este escenario el sistema de soporte hepático artificial extracorpóreo Prometheus® disponible en Uruguay, es fundamental para mantener la condición del paciente hasta la recuperación espontánea de la función hepática o hasta que exista un órgano disponible para el trasplante.
Abstract Liver Failure is a health problem because of its incidence and high mortality in short terms (40% to 80%). The sudden impairment of liver function leads to its characteristic clinical manifestations with the development of hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, coagulation disturbances, increased susceptibility to infections, hemodynamic instability, hepatorenal syndrome and multiorgan failure. It may develop in patients without preexisting liver disease (Acute Liver Failure) or in patients with chronic liver disease with an acute decompensation (Acute on Chronic Liver Failure). Liver transplantation is the only therapeutic choice with demonstrated benefit on survival. However it cannot always be done due to the shortage of donor organs and/or the presence of contraindications. In this scenario the extracorporeal liver support system Prometheus® available in Uruguay is really important for maintaining the patient s condition until the spontaneous recovery of the liver function or until a donor organ becomes available.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: La infección por el Virus de la Hepatitis E (VHE) en individuos inmunocompetentes generalmente se presenta como hepatitis aguda autolimitada. En determinados escenarios clínicos (embarazadas y pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica) puede manifestarse como falla hepática aguda. Se han descripto casos de hepatitis crónica en inmunocomprometidos. En Uruguay se han reportado 14 casos de hepatitis aguda autolimitada por VHE. En el presente artículo se describe el primer caso de falla hepática aguda por VHE en Uruguay.
Abstract: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) typically causes an acute and self-limiting infection in immune-competent individuals, though acute liver failure is described in some settings (pregnancy, chronic liver disease). Chronic hepatitis has been described in immunosuppressed patients. Fourteen autochthonous cases of self-limiting acute hepatitis for HEV were reported in Uruguay. The first case of acute liver failure for HEV is described in the present article.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although therapeutic drug monitoring has improved the clinical use of immunosuppressive drugs, there is still interpatient variability in efficacy and toxicity that pharmacodynamic monitoring may help to reduce. To select the best biomarkers of tacrolimus pharmacodynamics, we explored the strength and variability of signal transduction and the influence of polymorphisms along the calcineurin pathway. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 35 healthy volunteers were incubated with tacrolimus (0.1-50 ng/mL) and stimulated ex vivo. Inhibition of NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) translocation to the nucleus and intracellular expression of interleukin-2 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and the surface activation marker CD25 in CD3(+) cells were measured by flow cytometry. We sequenced the promoter regions of immunophilins and calcineurin subunits and characterized selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the calcineurin pathway with allelic discrimination assays. RESULTS: All responses closely fitted an I/Imax sigmoid model. Large interindividual variability (n = 30) in I0 and IC50 was found for all biomarkers. Moreover, strong and statistically significant associations were found between tacrolimus pharmacodynamic parameters and polymorphisms in the genes coding cyclophilin A, the calcineurin catalytic subunit α isoenzyme, and CD25. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the consistency and large interindividual variability of signal transduction along the calcineurin pathway, as well as the strong influence of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in the calcineurin cascade on both the physiological activity of this route and tacrolimus pharmacodynamics.
Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Calcineurin , Drug Monitoring/methods , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Tacrolimus/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Alleles , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Calcineurin/genetics , Calcineurin/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , DNA/genetics , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity , Interleukin-2/genetics , Male , NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism , Pharmacogenetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Protein Transport , Signal Transduction/genetics , Tacrolimus/pharmacology , Tacrolimus/toxicityABSTRACT
Introducción: la infección de sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) en trasplante hepático (TH) significa para estos pacientes una importante causa de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: conocer la incidencia de ISQ, identificar microorganismos involucrados y factores favorecedores en vistas de optimizar nuestras estrategias de profilaxis. Material y método: estudio de cohorte en el cual los pacientes con trasplante hepático fueron incluidos prospectivamente en nuestra base de datos nacional, BaDaInTOS. Período de estudio: 14 de julio de 2009 a 31 de mayo 2013. Análisis estadístico: se utilizó chi cuadrado. Si el valor en tabla de contingencia fue menor o igual a 5 se usó el test exacto de Fisher. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: se trasplantaron 65 pacientes en este período. La frecuencia relativa acumulada de ISQ fue de 12 pacientes (18,46%); la distribución temporal muestra un aumento en su incidencia en los últimos 12 meses donde se presentaron siete episodios (58%) de todos los episodios de ISQ. La mediana de presentación fue de 17 días. Del total de pacientes con ISQ, 7 presentaron factores de riesgo para microorganismos multirresistentes en el pretrasplante. Se aislaron 16 microorganismos, 12 correspondieron a bacilos gramnegativos (BGN): (Klebsiella spp, n = 6), (Acinetobacter baumannii, n = 2), (Enterobacter cloacae, n = 1), (Aeromonas spp, n = 1), (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 1), (E. coli, n = 1). En cuanto al perfil de resistencia: diez pacientes presentaron perfil de multirresistencia (MDR) y extremada resistencia (XDR). Conclusiones: uno de cada cinco pacientes presentó ISQ en nuestro centro, con una alta incidencia de BGN, MDR y XDR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Surgical Wound Infection , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Liver TransplantationABSTRACT
La colestasis, término acuñado por el anátomo-patólogo Hans Pooper en 1956, constituye un verdadero síndrome clínico-analítico, que incluye un amplio espectro de entidades patológicas de severidad y pronóstico variable. Las manifestaciones clínicas principales de la colestasis derivan de la acumulación en plasma de sustancias normalmente excretadas en la bilis, vinculado a la disminución en la excreción biliar al tubo digestivo, base fisiopatológica de este síndrome. En su conjunto, las colestasis pueden clasificarse en intra o extrahepáticas, ictéricas o anictéricas y agudas o crónicas; asimismo, desde una visión etiológica, pueden catalogarse como congénitas, inflamatorias, mecánicas, tóxicas, metabólicas o neoplásicas. En el presente artículo, y a partir del reporte de un caso clínico, se analizan aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos del síndrome colestásico, proponiendo un algoritmo de actuación, de acuerdo a la mejor evidencia disponible a la fecha.
Cholestasis, a term coined by Hans Pooper anatomic pathologist in 1956, is a real analytic clinical syndrome that includes a wide spectrum of pathological severity and outcome variable. Major clinical manifestations of cholestasis arising from the accumulation of plasma substances normally excreted in the bile, linked to decreased biliary excretion into the digestive tract, pathophysiological basis of this syndrome. Overall, cholestasis can be classified into intra or extrahepatic, icteric or anicteric and acute or chronic, also from an etiological view can be categorized as congenital, inflammatory, mechanical, toxic, metabolic, or neoplastic. In this article, and from clinical case report, we analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic cholestatic syndrome, proposing an algorithm of action, according to the best evidence available to date.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. La insuficiencia cardíaca con disfunción sistólica es considerada una enfermedad progresiva, es definida por la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) disminuida. El tratamiento médico puede mejorar la función sistólica, pero desconocemos la incidencia de su normalización y si asocia normalización de otros parámetros alterados. Objetivos. Valorar posibles criterios de remisión en pacientes con disfunción sistólica previa que normalizan la fracción de eyección y comparar parámetros clínicos, humorales, hemodinámicos y arteriales entre ellos y un grupo con disfunción sistólica persistente. Materiales y métodos. De una cohorte de 395 pacientes con disfunción sistólica al ingreso a la unidad especializada en insuficiencia cardíaca, se identificaron aquellos (grupo 1: 7 pacientes) que normalizaron la FEVI ≥ 55%; apareándose cada uno con 2 controles de igual década de vida y sexo con FEVI < 55% en el último control (Grupo 2) .Fue criterio de exclusión el ritmo no sinusal. Se definió remisión a la asociación de FEVI ≥ 55%, clase funcional I, NT-proBNP < 135 pg/ml, índice cardíaco ≥ 2,2 L/min/m² y resistencia vascular sistémica ≤1200 d.seg.cm -5 .Se compararon entre ambos grupos éstos y otros parámetros. Resultados. Ningún paciente tuvo criterios de remisión. Todo el grupo 1 estaba asintomático en el último control vs la mitad del grupo 2. La cardiopatía no isquémica predominó en el grupo 1. Diferencias estadísticamente significativas favorecieron al grupo 1 vs grupo 2 en: FEVI del último control y parámetros de función arterial obtenidos por reflexión de onda. La frecuencia cardíaca fue significativamente menor en el grupo 2; más pacientes recibían diuréticos en este grupo. No mostraron diferencias significativas en otros parámetros incluyendo NT-proBNP. Conclusión. No se demostró remisión. La normalización de la función sistólica es más probable en la cardiopatía no isquémica, acompañándose de mejor clase funcional y función arterial por parámetros de reflexión de onda.(AU)
Persistence of humoral and hemodynamic alterations associated with improved vascular function in heart failure patients with systolic function normalizedBackground. Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction is defined by the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction. Its treatment can lead to an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, but, if its normalization is associated with an improvement of altered parameters in heart failure or not, remains to be clarified. Objectives. To evaluate the normalization of parameters that can define remission. To compare vascular, hemodynamic, humoral, echocardiographic and clinical parameters in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction, among a group of patients who normalized left ventricular ejection fraction with those with left ventricular ejection fraction lower. Materials and methods. A cohort of 395 patients with systolic dysfunction was studied. Group 1 was defined by patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 55% in last clinical control. Group 2 was defined by randomized controls with persistent ejection fraction < 55%. Remission was defined by the association of ejection fraction ≥55%, functional class I, NT-proBNP < 135 pg/ml, cardiac index ≥ 2.2 L/min/m² and vascular systemic resistance ≤ 1200 dynes.sec.cm-5. These indicators as well as others were measured and compared between the two groups. Results. None of the patients achieved remission criteria. There was a predominance of ischemic cardiopathy in group 1 (p=0.01). Significative differences in favor of group 1 were detected in last control in: left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, functional class and hemodynamic parameters obtained by reflection wave. Heart rate was lower in group 1, a high number of patients were taking loop diuretics in group 2. The rest of the parameters did not show differences. Conclusion. According to defined criteria, there was no remission in this cohort. Functional class and hemodynamic parameters obtained by reflection wave accompanied improvement. Non-ischemic cardiopathy associates with higher possibilities of ejection fraction normalization.(AU)
PersistÛncia de alteraþ§es humorais e hemodinÔmicas associadas com melhora da funþÒo vascular em pacientes com insuficiÛncia cardíaca que normalizaram a funþÒo sistólicaIntroduþÒo. A insuficiÛncia cardíaca com disfunþÒo sistólica é considerada uma doenþa progressiva e é definida pela reduþÒo na fraþÒo de ejeþÒo do ventrículo esquerdo. O tratamento médico pode melhorar a funþÒo sistólica, mas ignoramos a incidÛncia de sua normalizaþÒo e se associa normalizaþÒo dos outros parÔmetros alterados. Objetivos. Avaliar possíveis critérios de remissÒo em pacientes com disfunþÒo sistólica prévia que normalizam a fraþÒo de ejeþÒo e comparar parÔmetros clínicos, humorais, hemodinÔmicos e arteriais entre eles e um grupo com disfunþÒo sistólica persistente. Materiais e métodos. Uma coorte de 395 pacientes com disfunþÒo sistólica foi estudada. O grupo 1 foi definido por pacientes com fraþÒo de ejeþÒo do ventrículo esquerdo ≥ 55% no último controle clínico. O grupo 2 foi definido pelos controles randomizados com uma fraþÒo de ejeþÒo persistente <55%. Foi critério de exclusÒo a ritmo nÒo sinusal. A remissÒo foi definida pela associaþÒo da fraþÒo de ejeþÒo ≥ 55%,
ABSTRACT
Introducción. La insuficiencia cardíaca con disfunción sistólica es considerada una enfermedad progresiva, es definida por la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) disminuida. El tratamiento médico puede mejorar la función sistólica, pero desconocemos la incidencia de su normalización y si asocia normalización de otros parámetros alterados. Objetivos. Valorar posibles criterios de remisión en pacientes con disfunción sistólica previa que normalizan la fracción de eyección y comparar parámetros clínicos, humorales, hemodinámicos y arteriales entre ellos y un grupo con disfunción sistólica persistente. Materiales y métodos. De una cohorte de 395 pacientes con disfunción sistólica al ingreso a la unidad especializada en insuficiencia cardíaca, se identificaron aquellos (grupo 1: 7 pacientes) que normalizaron la FEVI ≥ 55%; apareándose cada uno con 2 controles de igual década de vida y sexo con FEVI < 55% en el último control (Grupo 2) .Fue criterio de exclusión el ritmo no sinusal. Se definió remisión a la asociación de FEVI ≥ 55%, clase funcional I, NT-proBNP < 135 pg/ml, índice cardíaco ≥ 2,2 L/min/m² y resistencia vascular sistémica ≤1200 d.seg.cm -5 .Se compararon entre ambos grupos éstos y otros parámetros. Resultados. Ningún paciente tuvo criterios de remisión. Todo el grupo 1 estaba asintomático en el último control vs la mitad del grupo 2. La cardiopatía no isquémica predominó en el grupo 1. Diferencias estadísticamente significativas favorecieron al grupo 1 vs grupo 2 en: FEVI del último control y parámetros de función arterial obtenidos por reflexión de onda. La frecuencia cardíaca fue significativamente menor en el grupo 2; más pacientes recibían diuréticos en este grupo. No mostraron diferencias significativas en otros parámetros incluyendo NT-proBNP. Conclusión. No se demostró remisión. La normalización de la función sistólica es más probable en la cardiopatía no isquémica, acompañándose de mejor clase funcional y función arterial por parámetros de reflexión de onda.
Persistence of humoral and hemodynamic alterations associated with improved vascular function in heart failure patients with systolic function normalizedBackground. Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction is defined by the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction. Its treatment can lead to an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, but, if its normalization is associated with an improvement of altered parameters in heart failure or not, remains to be clarified. Objectives. To evaluate the normalization of parameters that can define remission. To compare vascular, hemodynamic, humoral, echocardiographic and clinical parameters in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction, among a group of patients who normalized left ventricular ejection fraction with those with left ventricular ejection fraction lower. Materials and methods. A cohort of 395 patients with systolic dysfunction was studied. Group 1 was defined by patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 55% in last clinical control. Group 2 was defined by randomized controls with persistent ejection fraction < 55%. Remission was defined by the association of ejection fraction ≥55%, functional class I, NT-proBNP < 135 pg/ml, cardiac index ≥ 2.2 L/min/m² and vascular systemic resistance ≤ 1200 dynes.sec.cm-5. These indicators as well as others were measured and compared between the two groups. Results. None of the patients achieved remission criteria. There was a predominance of ischemic cardiopathy in group 1 (p=0.01). Significative differences in favor of group 1 were detected in last control in: left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, functional class and hemodynamic parameters obtained by reflection wave. Heart rate was lower in group 1, a high number of patients were taking loop diuretics in group 2. The rest of the parameters did not show differences. Conclusion. According to defined criteria, there was no remission in this cohort. Functional class and hemodynamic parameters obtained by reflection wave accompanied improvement. Non-ischemic cardiopathy associates with higher possibilities of ejection fraction normalization.
Persistência de alterações humorais e hemodinâmicas associadas com melhora da função vascular em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca que normalizaram a função sistólicaIntrodução. A insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção sistólica é considerada uma doença progressiva e é definida pela redução na fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. O tratamento médico pode melhorar a função sistólica, mas ignoramos a incidência de sua normalização e se associa normalização dos outros parâmetros alterados. Objetivos. Avaliar possíveis critérios de remissão em pacientes com disfunção sistólica prévia que normalizam a fração de ejeção e comparar parâmetros clínicos, humorais, hemodinâmicos e arteriais entre eles e um grupo com disfunção sistólica persistente. Materiais e métodos. Uma coorte de 395 pacientes com disfunção sistólica foi estudada. O grupo 1 foi definido por pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo ≥ 55% no último controle clínico. O grupo 2 foi definido pelos controles randomizados com uma fração de ejeção persistente <55%. Foi critério de exclusão a ritmo não sinusal. A remissão foi definida pela associação da fração de ejeção ≥ 55%, classe funcional I, NT-proBNP <135 pg/ml, índice cardíaco ≥ 2,2 L/min/m² e resistência vascular sistêmica ≤ 1200 dynas.seg.cm-5. Compararam-se entre estes grupos e outros parâmetros. Resultados. Nenhum dos pacientes alcançou os critérios de remissão. Todo o grupo 1 foi assintomático em último controle vs a metade do grupo 2. A cardiopatia isquêmica predominou no grupo 1. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas em favor do grupo 1 vs grupo 2 em: fração de ejeção do último controle e os parâmetros da função arterial obtido pela reflexão de onda. A freqüência cardíaca foi significativamente menor no grupo 2, mais pacientes recebiam diuréticos nesse grupo. Não houve diferenças significativas em outros parâmetros, incluindo NT-proBNP. Conclusão. Não se demonstrou remissão. A normalização da função sistólica é mais provável em doenças não-isquêmica, associando-se da melhor classe funcional e função arterial por parâmetros de reflexão de onda.