Sjögren's Syndrome Caused by PD-1 Inhibition in a Lung Cancer Patient.

In this report, we present a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who developed Sjögren's syndrome secondary to immune checkpoint inhibition. This patient had a typical clinical presentation as well as biochemical signature, developing only 18 months after the start of treatment with PD-1 inhibition (pembrolizumab).

Liquid Biopsy in Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Current and Future Clinical Applications.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with the majority of cases diagnosed in an advanced stage. Early-stage disease non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a better outcome, nevertheless the 5-year survival rates drop from 60% for stage IIA to 36% for stage IIIA disease. Early detection and optimized perioperative systemic treatment are frontrunner strategies to reduce this burden. The rapid advancements in molecular diagnostics as well as the growing availability of targeted therapies call for the most efficient detection of actionable biomarkers. Liquid biopsies have already proven their added value in the management of advanced NSCLC but can also optimize patient care in early-stage NSCLC. In addition to having known diagnostic benefits of speed, accessibility, and enhanced biomarker detection compared to tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy could be implemented for screening, diagnostic, and prognostic purposes. Furthermore, liquid biopsy can optimize therapeutic management by overcoming the issue of tumor heterogeneity, monitoring tumor burden, and detecting minimal residual disease (MRD), i.e., the presence of tumor-specific ctDNA, post-operatively. The latter is strongly prognostic and is likely to become a guidance in the postsurgical management. In this review, we present the current evidence on the clinical utility of liquid biopsy in early-stage lung cancer, discuss a selection of key trials, and suggest future applications.

Lyme disease in Western Europe: an emerging problem? A systematic review.

Objectives: Lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease in Europe and causes an estimated total burden of 10.55 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) per 100 000 population. Its incidence in Western Europe is assumed to be increasing, yet this remains to be confirmed. The aim of this study was to assess the emergence of Lyme disease in Western Europe by performing a systematic review of the scientific literature.Methods: Pubmed, Embase and grey literature were searched from database inception until August 2018 for articles reporting the incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Western European countries. We included observational studies in English that reported data on a random sample of the population and fulfilled our definition of Lyme disease diagnosis. Annual population-weighted averages and the evolution of Lyme borreliosis incidence were extracted or calculated for every Western European country.Results: Our review identified 1514 and included 18 studies next to seven surveillance reports reporting data from 16 Western European countries. Incidence of Lyme borreliosis ranged from 0.001 (Italy) to 632 (Sweden, Blekinge county) cases/100 000/year. Iceland reported the strongest emergence with an average yearly increase of 21.15% over a 12-year period, whereas Italy reported the strongest average yearly decrease of 52.71% over a 5-year period. Very limited high-quality data were available on Lyme borreliosis incidence in the southern Western European countries.Conclusion: Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is on the rise in some Western European countries, mostly in the northern and central part. Better surveillance in the southern countries is necessary.