ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Improved education on water-related diseases in schools could help to reduce disease burden. This paper presents specific results on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in rural primary schools in Colombia. The aim was to investigate whether enhanced educational interventions on dengue and diarrheal disease in schools could improve KAP scores related to these diseases in students and teachers in rural primary schools, as well as the students' parents. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial was carried out in 35 rural primary schools in two municipalities in Cundinamarca, central Colombia. Schools were randomized into four arms: interventions related to diarrheal disease (DIA), dengue (DEN), both (DIADEN), or no interventions (control, CON). Both educational and physical interventions to reduce risk factors of dengue and diarrhea were implemented. Comprehensive teachers' manuals were developed and deployed to guide the learning activities. The intervention was carried out over two school years. The knowledge scores of students receiving dengue interventions (DEN, DIADEN) increased by 1.16 point score (0.75-1.56, p<0.001) and those receiving diarrhea interventions (DIA, DIADEN) increased by 1.15 point score (0.67-1.63, p<0.001). The attitude and practice scores of students receiving the diarrhea interventions increased (Attitudes: 0.41 [0.11-0.71, p = 0.01]; Practices: 0.33 [0.01-0.65, p = 0.042]), but not for those receiving the dengue interventions (p = 0.31 and p = 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: There were increases in knowledge scores among students, their teachers and their parents for both diseases. However, the attitudes and practices components were not affected to the same extent. The hypothesis that the students would disseminate knowledge acquired from the educational interventions to their parents was confirmed for dengue, but not for diarrhea. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN40195031 The trial is registered in the Current Controlled Trials under Infections and Infestations category.
Subject(s)
Dengue , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Colombia/epidemiology , Students , Schools , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/prevention & control , ParentsABSTRACT
Esta cartilla es parte de un proyecto que comenzó en el año 2019 en el Resguardo de Paujil con mujeres de los pueblos Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo y Piapoco. La idea surgió de nuestras propias lideresas, especialmente de Irene Rojas Acosta, quien logró motivar a investigadores de tres universidades en Bogotá para que se escribiera y se presentara un proyecto de salud para las mujeres indígenas ante el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Invitó a 5 lideresas representantes de cada etnia para que hicieran parte activa del proyecto y le dieran continuidad; escrita en lenguas ancestrales y en español, representa un paso adelante en el trabajo por uno de estos derechos, como es el de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujeres. Con su lectura conoceremos cómo se entiende la enfermedad del cáncer de cuello uterino en la medicina occidental y cómo se puede evitar que las mujeres mueran por este motivo.
This booklet is part of a project that began in 2019 in the Paujil Reservation with women from the towns of Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo and Piapoco. The idea arose from our own leaders, especially Irene Rojas Acosta, who managed to motivate researchers from three universities in Bogotá to write and present a health project for indigenous women to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. She invited 5 female leaders representing each ethnic group to take an active part in the project and give it continuity; Written in ancestral languages ââand in Spanish, it represents a step forward in the work for one of these rights, such as that of women's sexual and reproductive health. By reading it we will learn how the disease of cervical cancer is understood in Western medicine and how women can be prevented from dying from this reason.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cell Biology , PapillomaviridaeABSTRACT
Esta cartilla es parte de un proyecto que comenzó en el año 2019 en el Resguardo de Paujil con mujeres de los pueblos Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo y Piapoco. La idea surgió de nuestras propias lideresas, especialmente de Irene Rojas Acosta, quien logró motivar a investigadores de tres universidades en Bogotá para que se escribiera y se presentara un proyecto de salud para las mujeres indígenas ante el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Invitó a 5 lideresas representantes de cada etnia para que hicieran parte activa del proyecto y le dieran continuidad; escrita en lenguas ancestrales y en español, representa un paso adelante en el trabajo por uno de estos derechos, como es el de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujeres. Con su lectura conoceremos cómo se entiende la enfermedad del cáncer de cuello uterino en la medicina occidental y cómo se puede evitar que las mujeres mueran por este motivo
This booklet is part of a project that began in 2019 in the Paujil Reservation with women from the towns of Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo and Piapoco. The idea arose from our own leaders, especially Irene Rojas Acosta, who managed to motivate researchers from three universities in Bogotá to write and present a health project for indigenous women to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. She invited 5 female leaders representing each ethnic group to take an active part in the project and give it continuity; Written in ancestral languages ââand in Spanish, it represents a step forward in the work for one of these rights, such as that of women's sexual and reproductive health. By reading it we will learn how the disease of cervical cancer is understood in Western medicine and how women can be prevented from dying from this reason
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Papillomaviridae , Ethnicity , Colombia , Disease Prevention , Reproductive Health , Indigenous Peoples , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Esta cartilla es parte de un proyecto que comenzó en el año 2019 en el Resguardo de Paujil con mujeres de los pueblos Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo y Piapoco. La idea surgió de nuestras propias lideresas, especialmente de Irene Rojas Acosta, quien logró motivar a investigadores de tres universidades en Bogotá para que se escribiera y se presentara un proyecto de salud para las mujeres indígenas ante el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Invitó a 5 lideresas representantes de cada etnia para que hicieran parte activa del proyecto y le dieran continuidad; escrita en lenguas ancestrales y en español, representa un paso adelante en el trabajo por uno de estos derechos, como es el de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujeres. Con su lectura conoceremos cómo se entiende la enfermedad del cáncer de cuello uterino en la medicina occidental y cómo se puede evitar que las mujeres mueran por este motivo.
This booklet is part of a project that began in 2019 in the Paujil Reservation with women from the towns of Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo and Piapoco. The idea arose from our own leaders, especially Irene Rojas Acosta, who managed to motivate researchers from three universities in Bogotá to write and present a health project for indigenous women to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. She invited 5 female leaders representing each ethnic group to take an active part in the project and give it continuity; Written in ancestral languages ââand in Spanish, it represents a step forward in the work for one of these rights, such as that of women's sexual and reproductive health. By reading it we will learn how the disease of cervical cancer is understood in Western medicine and how women can be prevented from dying from this reason.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Cell Biology , Papillomaviridae , Ethnicity , Colombia , Disease Prevention , Reproductive Health , Indigenous PeoplesABSTRACT
Esta cartilla es parte de un proyecto que comenzó en el año 2019 en el Resguardo de Paujil con mujeres de los pueblos Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo y Piapoco. La idea surgió de nuestras propias lideresas, especialmente de Irene Rojas Acosta, quien logró motivar a investigadores de tres universidades en Bogotá para que se escribiera y se presentara un proyecto de salud para las mujeres indígenas ante el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Invitó a 5 lideresas representantes de cada etnia para que hicieran parte activa del proyecto y le dieran continuidad; escrita en lenguas ancestrales y en español, representa un paso adelante en el trabajo por uno de estos derechos, como es el de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujeres. Con su lectura conoceremos cómo se entiende la enfermedad del cáncer de cuello uterino en la medicina occidental y cómo se puede evitar que las mujeres mueran por este motivo
This booklet is part of a project that began in 2019 in the Paujil Reservation with women from the towns of Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo and Piapoco. The idea arose from our own leaders, especially Irene Rojas Acosta, who managed to motivate researchers from three universities in Bogotá to write and present a health project for indigenous women to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. She invited 5 female leaders representing each ethnic group to take an active part in the project and give it continuity; Written in ancestral languages ââand in Spanish, it represents a step forward in the work for one of these rights, such as that of women's sexual and reproductive health. By reading it we will learn how the disease of cervical cancer is understood in Western medicine and how women can be prevented from dying from this reason.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Cell Biology , Papillomaviridae , Ethnicity , Colombia , Disease Prevention , Reproductive Health , Indigenous PeoplesABSTRACT
Esta cartilla es parte de un proyecto que comenzó en el año 2019 en el Resguardo de Paujil con mujeres de los pueblos Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo y Piapoco. La idea surgió de nuestras propias lideresas, especialmente de Irene Rojas Acosta, quien logró motivar a investigadores de tres universidades en Bogotá para que se escribiera y se presentara un proyecto de salud para las mujeres indígenas ante el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Invitó a 5 lideresas representantes de cada etnia para que hicieran parte activa del proyecto y le dieran continuidad; escrita en lenguas ancestrales y en español, representa un paso adelante en el trabajo por uno de estos derechos, como es el de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujeres. Con su lectura conoceremos cómo se entiende la enfermedad del cáncer de cuello uterino en la medicina occidental y cómo se puede evitar que las mujeres mueran por este motivo.
This booklet is part of a project that began in 2019 in the Paujil Reservation with women from the towns of Puinave, Curripaco, Sikuani, Cubeo and Piapoco. The idea arose from our own leaders, especially Irene Rojas Acosta, who managed to motivate researchers from three universities in Bogotá to write and present a health project for indigenous women to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. She invited 5 female leaders representing each ethnic group to take an active part in the project and give it continuity; Written in ancestral languages ââand in Spanish, it represents a step forward in the work for one of these rights, such as that of women's sexual and reproductive health. By reading it we will learn how the disease of cervical cancer is understood in Western medicine and how women can be prevented from dying from this reason
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Cell Biology , Papillomaviridae , Ethnicity , Colombia , Disease Prevention , Reproductive Health , Indigenous PeoplesABSTRACT
Objetivo Determinar el estado nutricional, las prevalencias de desnutrición y sobrepeso de estudiantes en escuelas rurales y su relación con tasas de ausentismo escolar. Métodos Estudio descriptivo en 34 escuelas rurales de Anapoima y La Mesa en 2013. Una muestra de 785 (82,4 %) estudiantes fueron seleccionados por muestreo por conveniencia. Criterios de inclusión: estudiante matriculado en 2013 de los grados 0-5 (edades 5-16) con consentimiento de padres o acudientes y asentimiento del estudiante. Se tomaron medidas de peso y talla. Se registraron tasas de ausencia (general y por enfermedad). Resultados Del total, 422 estudiantes fueron varones (53,8 %) y 524 (66,8 %) tenían entre 5-9 años. La prevalencia de talla baja para la edad fue 10,1 % (n=79). La delgadez fue 1,75 % (n=13), el sobrepeso 14,3 % (n=112) y la obesidad 4,5 % (n=45). Las tasas de episodios de ausentismo general y por enfermedad por niño al año fueron 5,7 y 1,4 respectivamente. Los estudiantes con baja talla para la edad y sobrepeso tuvieron un número significativamente mayor de días de ausencias en comparación con los estudiantes con adecuado estado nutricional (p<0,01). Los estudiantes con talla baja para la edad tuvieron las tasas más altas de ausentismo. Conclusiones Coexistencia de desnutrición y obesidad en el área de estudio. Relación significativa entre el mayor número de días de ausentismo general y por enfermedad con el retardo en el crecimiento y el sobrepeso en los escolares.(AU)
Objective To determine the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition and overweight in students in rural schools and their relationship with school absence rates. Methods Descriptive study carried out in 34 rural schools in Anapoima and La Mesa in 2013. A sample of 785 (82.4 %) students was selected by convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were students registered for the period 2013 in grades 0-5 (ages 5-16) with parental consent and student assent. Weight and height of all subjects were taken. Overall absence rates and illness-related absence rates were recorded. Results 422 pupils were male (53.8 %) and 524 (66.8 %) had between 5-9 years old. A lower than average height for age occurred in 10.1% (n=79) of the students. The thinness was recorded at 1.75 % (n=13), the overweight at 14.3% (n=112) and the obesity at 4.5 % (n=45) of the students. The number of absence episodes per child per year due to any reason and due to disease was 5.7 and 1.4, respectively. Stunted growth and overweight students had a significantly higher number of absence days compared to students with adequate nutritional status (p <0.01). Stunted growth had the highest absence rates. Conclusions Malnutrition and obesity coexist in the study area. There is a significant relationship between school absence days (both general and illness-related) and stunting and overweight in students.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rural Population/trends , Schools/trends , Nutritional Status , Absenteeism , Epidemiology, Descriptive , ColombiaABSTRACT
Objective To determine the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition and overweight in students in rural schools and their relationship with school absence rates. Methods Descriptive study carried out in 34 rural schools in Anapoima and La Mesa in 2013. A sample of 785 (82.4 %) students was selected by convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were students registered for the period 2013 in grades 0-5 (ages 5-16) with parental consent and student assent. Weight and height of all subjects were taken. Overall absence rates and illness-related absence rates were recorded. Results 422 pupils were male (53.8 %) and 524 (66.8 %) had between 5-9 years old. A lower than average height for age occurred in 10.1 %(n=79) of the students. The thinness was recorded at 1.75 %(n=13), the overweight at 14.3 %(n=112) and the obesity at 4.5 %(n=45) of the students. The number of absence episodes per child per year due to any reason and due to disease was 5.7 and 1.4, respectively. Stunted growth and overweight students had a significantly higher number of absence days compared to students with adequate nutritional status (p <0.01). Stunted growth had the highest absence rates. Conclusions Malnutrition and obesity coexist in the study area. There is a significant relationship between school absence days (both general and illness-related) and stunting and overweight in students.
Subject(s)
Absenteeism , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Overweight/epidemiology , Rural Health/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Overweight/diagnosis , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , SchoolsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Describing terminally-ill patients and their relatives' preferences regarding end of life decisions, the underlying problems and reasons leading to them requesting support. METHODS: This was a descriptive, exploratory analysis of the secondary sources in an NGO providing support for patients at the end of their lives. RESULTS: The most frequent choice was dying with dignity (43 %), followed by euthanasia (12 %). Some people asked for guidance on legal and ethical aspects regarding appropriate care for the terminally-ill. The pathologies accounting for 75 % of the diagnoses were chronic degenerative diseases, cancer and coma. The worsening of symptoms was the main reason for requesting support and uncontrollable pain more often led to the choice of euthanasia. Only 14 % of the patients had formalised their wills regarding their end of life decisions. The choice of dying with dignity was related to rejecting futile measures and therapeutic cruelty. Euthanasia was seen as an autonomous intentional action to end suffering. The family plays an essential role in making end of life decisions. CONCLUSIONS: End of life decisions are motivated by a perception of undignified conditions for patients due to progressive deterioration, poorly controlled pain, abandoning of chronic patients, therapeutic obstinacy and unnecessary measures that postpone death. They are taken within a complex context concerning religious dilemmas and ethical or legal concerns.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Patient Preference/statistics & numerical data , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminally Ill/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Advance Directives/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia , Family Relations , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Right to Die , Terminal Care/methods , Treatment Refusal/psychology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación cualitativa para describir el proceso de decisiones al final de la vida (DFV) bajo el supuesto de que se trata de un fenómeno complejo y dinámico. Con base en entrevistas a profundidad a pacientes, familiares y personal de salud y en fuentes secundarias se analizaron las DFV a partir de teorías de decisión basadas en el principio de racionalidad limitada. Se encontró que las DFV exhiben características observadas en los fenómenos complejos como son múltiples componentes fusionados, relaciones variadas, simultáneas, impredecibles, cambiantes y dependientes de las circunstancias. La mayoría de los entrevistados utilizan el método intuitivo para tomar decisiones basándose en rutas de pensamiento cortas: creencias arraigadas, principios, fórmulas y juicios que han demostrado éxito previamente. Aunque se advierte un discurso de respeto por las elecciones del paciente, existen jerarquías instituidas e imaginadas en las que predomina el médico en lugar más alto. El dolor, la disnea y la dependencia progresiva son una fuerte presión para las DFV. También lo es la deficiente atención de los enfermos terminales y sus familias puesto que reduce las opciones a las que el paciente puede tener acceso.
A qualitative study was conducted to describe the process of making end- of- life decisions (ELD) under the assumption that it is a complex and dynamic phenomenon. ELD were analyzed from decision theory based on the principle of bounded rationality on the basis of in-depth interviews with patients, families, and health professionals. It was found that ELD had features observed in other complex phenomena as multi-component, fused, varied, simultaneous, relationships that are also unpredictable and dependent of changing circumstances. Most respondents use an intuitive method to make decisions based on short routes of thinking: strong beliefs, principles, formulas and judgments that have proven successful previously. Although a speech of respect for patient choices is evident, there are instituted or imagined hierarchies where physicians are in the highest place. Physical symptoms are roughly pressure to ELD. A negative role of health care institutions is noticeable due to negligence on the inclusion of the terminally ill and their families in health programs, which affects ELD because it reduces options.
Subject(s)
Death , Decision Making , Terminal Care , Terminally IllABSTRACT
Objetivos Describir preferencias en las decisiones al final de la vida en pacientes y familiares, problemas que subyacen y motivos que los llevan a solicitar apoyo. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio de fuentes secundarias de una ONG que brinda apoyo a los pacientes al final de la vida. Resultados La opción más frecuente fue la muerte digna en 43 % seguida de la eutanasia en un 12 %. Un 22 % de las personas solicitaban orientación sobre aspectos éticos y legales y además referentes a la atención adecuada para enfermos terminales. Las patologías que ocuparon el 75 % de los diagnósticos fueron Enfermedad Crónica Degenerativa, Cáncer y Estado de Coma. La agudización de síntomas fue el principal motivo por el cual solicitaron apoyo y el dolor incontrolable llevó con más frecuencia a la opción por la eutanasia. Sólo 14 % de los pacientes habían formalizado sus voluntades anticipadas respecto al final de la vida. La opción de muerte digna se relacionó con el rechazo a medidas fútiles y al encarnizamiento terapéutico. La eutanasia se percibió como acción intencional y autónoma de poner fin al sufrimiento. La familia juega un papel esencial en la toma de decisiones. Conclusiones Las decisiones al final de la vida son motivadas por la percepción de unas condiciones no dignas debidas al deterioro progresivo, dolor mal controlado, abandono del paciente crónico, encarnizamiento terapéutico y uso de medidas innecesarias que posponen la muerte. Se toman en un contexto complejo de dilemas religiosos, éticos y legales.
Objectives Describing terminally-ill patients and their relatives' preferences regarding end of life decisions, the underlying problems and reasons leading to them requesting support. Methods This was a descriptive, exploratory analysis of the secondary sources in an NGO providing support for patients at the end of their lives. Results The most frequent choice was dying with dignity (43 %), followed by euthanasia (12 %). Some people asked for guidance on legal and ethical aspects regarding appropriate care for the terminally-ill. The pathologies accounting for 75 % of the diagnoses were chronic degenerative diseases, cancer and coma. The worsening of symptoms was the main reason for requesting support and uncontrollable pain more often led to the choice of euthanasia. Only 14 % of the patients had formalised their wills regarding their end of life decisions. The choice of dying with dignity was related to rejecting futile measures and therapeutic cruelty. Euthanasia was seen as an autonomous intentional action to end suffering. The family plays an essential role in making end of life decisions. Conclusions End of life decisions are motivated by a perception of undignified conditions for patients due to progressive deterioration, poorly controlled pain, abandoning of chronic patients, therapeutic obstinacy and unnecessary measures that postpone death. They are taken within a complex context concerning religious dilemmas and ethical or legal concerns.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Decision Making , Patient Preference/statistics & numerical data , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminally Ill/psychology , Advance Directives/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Family Relations , Right to Die , Terminal Care/methods , Treatment Refusal/psychologyABSTRACT
La estrategia de Municipios Saludables se adoptó en Colombia en 1992 y en 1997 tomó el nombre de Municipio Saludable por la Paz. Se interpretó como una estrategia dirigida a la movilización social, impulsada desde diversos sectores para lograr la equidad, calidad de vida y desarrollo social en lo local, permitiendo la creación de ambientes propicios para la paz. Algunos municipios han aplicado esta estretegia y tanto sus procesos como resultados deben ser estudiados para aprender de su experiencia. Uno de estos municipios ha sido La Vega, ubicado en el departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso de este municipio para evaluar algunos de los componentes de esta estrategia como el compromiso político, las políticas públicas saludables, la articulación intersectorial y la estructura organizativa que le sirve de soporte. El proceso en este municipio se inició en 1990, como una estrategia de atención primaria. En 1992 el alcalde municipal declaró su compromiso con la estrategia y se puso en práctica un plan de desarrollo participativo dirigido a mejorar la calidad de vida de su población. En ese mismo año el Ministerio de Salud y la OPS lo reconocieron como Municipio Saludable y en 1997 obtuvo el premio nacional de municipio saludable. Lo relevante de La Vega ha sido el proceso de participación comunitaria, eje del trabajo por mejorar la salud de la población.
