[Abdominal tuberculosis in children]. / Abdominal'nyi tuberkulez u detei.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the features of diagnosis and clinical course of abdominal tuberculosis in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen children aged from 5 days to 16 years with abdominal tuberculosis have been followed-up throughout 50 years. Diagnostic process implied anamnesis, objective examination, laboratory data and specific samples, ultrasound, X-ray examination, MRI, CT and morphological examination of specimens. RESULTS: Intestinal form was diagnosed in 2 children with abdominal tuberculosis, mesadenitis - 3 patients, liver tuberculosis - 4 ones, tuberculosis of uterine appendages - 3 patients, peritonitis - 6 ones. CT of the abdomen, diaskintest and morphological examination were the most important diagnostic methods. Laparotomy was performed in 16 children. Five cases are decsribed. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis in children is mostly secondary. Several anatomical regions are simultaneously involved in specific process. Isolated lesion of one abdominal organ is rare. Active tuberculosis of respiratory organs in pregnant women has a significant negative impact on the fetus and newborns.

[Surgical treatment of renal carcinoma today: laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and resection of the kidney].

The authors have rich experience in laparoscopic operations on retroperitoneal organs and give detailed description of the technique of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and renal resection in cancer. Seventy two nephrectomies at stage pT1b-pT3a and twelve renal resections at stage pT1a have been made since September 2003. Good immediate results were achieved. Lymphodissection in renal carcinoma is considered and the technique of laparoscopic regional and extended lymphadenectomy is described.

[Clinicomorphological observation of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung].

The authors analyze rare lung diseases and describe a clinicomorphological case of bronioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung as one of rare bronchopulmonary diseases. According to the WHO histological classification (1999), the tumor is adenocarcinoma that is represented solely by bronchioloalveolar vegetations as a monolayer of the cells lining the walls of pre-existing alveoles without invasion of the stroma, vessels, and pleura. In 1876 Mallaser first described this rare disease in cloven-hoofed animals (Artiodactyla) in Scandinavian countries. Subsequently cases of this disease were also described in human beings.

[Laparoscopic nephropexy with polypropilen graft implantation: a clinico-experimental study].

The article presents experimental data on interaction of the polypropilen implant with the kidney and adjacent tissues, on comparative evaluation of reliability of mechanical methods of polypropilen net fixation to different human tissues (the kidney, muscles and costal periosteum). A novel technique of laparoscopic nephropexy with usage of prolen implant has been developed. It was tested in 49 patients with nephroptosis in 2003-2006. Good short- and long-term results were obtained.

[Primary diffuse melanoma of the pia mater].

A rather rare case of melanoma with a rare primary localization in the pia mater is described. The available literature describes as many as 60 cases of melanomatosis at this site. This case is of certain clinical and morphological interest due to its rare localization and great clinical diagnostic difficulties.

[Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy].

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (left-sided--6, right-sided--3) was performed for T1b-3aN0-2M0-M1 renal tumor. Tumors measuring up to 12 cm were located in the mid or lower renal segment. Detailed descriptions of surgical procedure and chemical clearing to identify lymph nodes are presented. Surgery lasted 130-170 min. Intraoperative loss of blood was 50-150 ml. No postoperative complication was reported. Patients were discharged on days 5-7; time of disability ranged 21-30 days.

[Generalized aspergillosis sepsis in a one month old infant with inborn leukemia].

A rare case of aspergillesis sepsis in an one month old baby with inborn leukemia is reported. Of essential importance in the pathology is genetic deficiency of this child, decreased immunity and a grave intoxication due to leukemia chemotherapy.

[Aspergillotic septic endocarditis of the mitral and trigeminal valves as a complication of silicotuberculosis]. / Aspergilleznyi septicheskii éndokardit mitral'nogo i trekhstvorchatogo klapanov kak oslozhnenie silikotuberkuleza.

Fungal endocarditis is caused by fungi Candida and Aspergillus. Continuous intravenous infusions, catheterization, open-heart surgery, tracheal injuries, artificial heart valves can serve as predisposing factors. Aspergillus endocarditis is more common in severe infectious diseases after a prolonged use of antibiotics, cytostatics, glucocorticoids. A case of aspergillus endocarditis of mitral and tricuspid valves is described in a 55-year old patient. The man had been long suffering from silicotuberculosis and had been on a prolonged antibacterial therapy. The aspergillus endocarditis must have developed in the patient due to marked dysbacteriosis.

[Method of embedding the breast in acetylcellulose]. / K metodike zalivki molochnoi zhelezy v atsetiltselliulozu.

A new method of preparation and embedding the mamma from mature and elderly women has been suggested for the total histologic study. Acetylcellulose obtained from safety film (used for x-ray, cinema and photography) was used as an embedding material instead of celloidine that is not readily available. The method suggested can be widely applied both for research, and practical activities of pathoanatomists in total histotopographic study of the organ.

[Method of treating the breast in total histological studies]. / Metodika obrabotki molochnoi zhelezy pri total'nom gistologicheskom issledovanii.

The presented method of breast treatment, used in a total histologic study, allows one to avoid freasing microtome for large sections, hence, deformation of histologic structures. In cases, when breast consists mainly of fatty tissue, it is impossible to obtain histotopographic sections. The presented scheme of tissue treatment involving standard sledge microtome, acetone, thermostat heat provides 25-35 micron sections. The method can be widely used by pathologists for total histotopographic study of the organ.