ABSTRACT
Missions into Deep Space are planned this decade. Yet the health consequences of exposure to microgravity and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) over years-long missions on indispensable visceral organs such as the kidney are largely unexplored. We performed biomolecular (epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epiproteomic, metabolomic, metagenomic), clinical chemistry (electrolytes, endocrinology, biochemistry) and morphometry (histology, 3D imaging, miRNA-ISH, tissue weights) analyses using samples and datasets available from 11 spaceflight-exposed mouse and 5 human, 1 simulated microgravity rat and 4 simulated GCR-exposed mouse missions. We found that spaceflight induces: 1) renal transporter dephosphorylation which may indicate astronauts' increased risk of nephrolithiasis is in part a primary renal phenomenon rather than solely a secondary consequence of bone loss; 2) remodelling of the nephron that results in expansion of distal convoluted tubule size but loss of overall tubule density; 3) renal damage and dysfunction when exposed to a Mars roundtrip dose-equivalent of simulated GCR.
Subject(s)
Cosmic Radiation , Space Flight , Animals , Humans , Mice , Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects , Rats , Male , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/radiation effects , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Weightlessness/adverse effects , Astronauts , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Proteomics , Female , Mars , Weightlessness Simulation/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The first junior European Calcium Society online meeting, held October 20-21, 2020, aimed to promote junior researchers in the Ca2+ community. The meeting included four scientific sessions, covering Ca2+ research from molecular detail to whole organisms. Each session featured one invited speaker and three speakers selected based on submitted abstracts, with the overall aim of actively involving early-career researchers. Consequently, the meeting underlined the diversity of Ca2+ physiology, by showcasing research across scales and Kingdoms, as presented by a correspondingly diverse speaker panel across career stages and countries. In this meeting report, we introduce the visions of the junior European Calcium Society board and summarize the meeting content.
