ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Paramphistomosis (stomach fluke disease) is a parasitic infection caused by digenetic trematodes and is considered to be one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting livestock worldwide. This disease is widely prevalent in India, and the highest incidence is reported during monsoon and post-monsoon months. In the present study, in vitro effect of aqueous extract of pods of Acacia concinna (AcP E) on the morphology and the histology of the digenetic trematode Cotylophoron cotylophorum have been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro effect of AcPE on the morphology and the histology of a digenetic trematode C. cotylophorum have been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopic techniques. RESULTS: The SEM micrograph of treated flukes showed the appearance of few blebs near the oral region and rupture of the dorsal surface of the tegument. The light and TEM observations revealed significant deleterious changes in the internal organization of the fluke. Severe injury to the tegument due to bleb formation, detachment of tubercles, and vacuolization of the subtegumental region was observed. Nuclear indentation, cytoplasmic autolysis, and mitochondrial abnormalities were the other prominent observations. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study convincingly showed that AcPE is an effective anthelmintic causing detrimental effect to C. cotylophorum and appears to be a potent phytotherapeutic agent to control paramphistomosis.
ABSTRACT
Effects of praziquantel (PZQ), levamisole (LEV), mebendazole (MBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ) and albendazole (ABZ) on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of Cotylophoron cotylophorum were studied in vitro. Maximum levels of inhibition of LDH catalysing both oxidation and reduction reactions were observed in PZQ- and LEV-treated worms. Similarly, benzimidazoles - MBZ, FBZ and ABZ - have also significantly inhibited the activity of LDH catalysing the oxidation of lactate; whereas the activity of LDH catalysing the reduction of pyruvate was accelerated. This affects the mitochondrial energy generating process which ultimately proves fatal to the parasite. Therefore, the mode of action of benzimidazoles is primarily on the activation of LDH catalysing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Paramphistomatidae/enzymology , Albendazole/pharmacology , Animals , Fenbendazole/pharmacology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Levamisole/pharmacology , Mebendazole/pharmacology , Paramphistomatidae/drug effects , Praziquantel/pharmacology , Rumen/parasitology , Sheep/parasitologyABSTRACT
The effects of the anthelmintics praziquantel (PZQ), levamisole (LEV), mebendazole (MBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ) and albendazole (ABZ), on the morphology and the histology of a digenetic trematode, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, were studied. Scanning electron micrographs of the drug-treated worms revealed that PZQ was the most effective drug inducing surface damages to a great extent. The parasite exposed to PZQ for 6 h, showed smaller blebs on the oral sucker region as well as on the sensory papillae. These blebs enlarged in size after 24 h and ruptured after 30 h of exposure. The worms treated with LEV showed a few smaller blebs on the ventrolateral margin. In MBZ- and FBZ-treated worms the blebs appeared between the oral and genital sucker after 6 h of incubation. The changes were not apparent in the ABZ-treated worms.
