ABSTRACT
A fractional factorial design approach has been used to enhance secondary metabolite production by two Penicillium strains. The method was initially used to improve the production of bioactive extracts as a whole and subsequently to optimize the production of particular bioactive metabolites. Enhancements of over 500% in secondary metabolite production were observed for both P. oxalicum and P. citrinum. Two new alkaloids, citrinalins A (5) and B (6), were isolated and identified from P. citrinum cultures optimized for production of minor metabolites.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Penicillium/metabolism , Alkaloids/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Caulerpa/microbiology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Crystallography, X-Ray , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Female , Humans , Marine Biology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Penicillium/chemistry , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Research DesignABSTRACT
Chemical investigation of the crude extract of a marine sponge Dysidea robusta led to the isolation of an inseparable mixture of saturated ceramides. These were identified from spectroscopic data as well as by hydrolysis followed by LC-MS analysis of the sphingosine moieties.
Subject(s)
Ceramides/chemistry , Dysidea/chemistry , Acetylation , Animals , Ceramides/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Sphingosine/chemistry , Sphingosine/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Investigation of the bioactive crude extract from the sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus from Brazil led to the isolation of plakortenone ( 1) as a new polyketide, along with five known polyketides ( 2- 6) previously isolated from other Plakortis sponges. The known polyketides were tested in antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, antineuroinflammatory, and cytotoxicity assays. The results show that plakortide P ( 3) is a potent antiparasitic compound, against both Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosona cruzi, and exhibited antineuroinflammatory activity. The known polyketides 2- 6 were tested for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, but displayed only moderate cytotoxic activity.