Catalytic Asymmetric α-Functionalization of α-Branched Aldehydes.

Aldehydes constitute a main class of organic compounds widely applied in synthesis. As such, catalyst-controlled enantioselective α-functionalization of aldehydes has attracted great interest over the years. In this context, α-branched aldehydes are especially challenging substrates because of reactivity and selectivity issues. Firstly, the transient trisubstituted enamines and enolates resulting upon treatment with an aminocatalyst or a base, respectively, would exhibit attenuated reactivity; secondly, mixtures of E- and Z-configured enamines/enolates may be formed; and third, effective face-discrimination on such trisubstituted sp2 carbon intermediates by the incoming electrophilic reagent is not trivial. Despite these issues, in the last 15 years, several catalytic approaches for the α-functionalization of prostereogenic α-branched aldehydes that proceed in useful yields and diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been uncovered. Developments include both organocatalytic and metal-catalyzed approaches as well as dual catalysis strategies for forging new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (C-O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, …) bond formation at Cα of the starting aldehyde. In this review, some key early contributions to the field are presented, but focus is on the most recent methods, mainly covering the literature from year 2014 onward.

Sofrimento Psicossocial e Sexualidade em Tempos de Covid-19 e de Ataque aos Direitos Humanos / Psychosocial Suffering and Sexuality in the Context of Covid-19 and Attacks on Human Rights / Sufrimiento Psicosocial y Sexualidad en Tiempos de Covid-19 y Ataque a los Derechos Humanos

Fragmentos da "vida-pandemia" colhidos em projetos de prevenção em territórios periféricos e escolares de São Paulo introduzem este texto. O impacto da perda de pessoas próximas para a Covid-19, a disseminação de informações falsas sobre a prevenção e cuidado e a desorganização do cotidiano atravessado pela pandemia emergem nas experiências de interação com jovens. A desigualdade e o desemprego cresciam antes da pandemia, assim como o número de eventos de saúde mental. Sustentando a integralidade na prevenção coproduzida com os jovens, acompanhamos a resposta sociocomunitária à sindemia em um contexto que expressa o impacto da década de ataques à educação sexual e das escolas online. A sexualidade, tema que originou os diferentes projetos de prevenção, foi difícil de abordar. Diferente da resposta à aids, identidades comunitárias-territoriais foram mobilizadas para produzir "inéditos viáveis" para essa emergência social e sanitária, mobilizando "resistência" à violação, à negligência governamental aos direitos humanos. Neste cenário, soma-se o ataque global aos DH que interpela sua universalidade e indivisibilidade e usa a sexualidade como bandeira para reinterpretar o sentido emancipador de solidariedade na diferença. A noção de sofrimento psicossocial permite lidar com o excesso de individualização e medicalização das experiências de sofrimentos estruturados por este contexto duradouro.'

Fragments of a "pandemic life" collected in prevention projects in outer city and school peripherical territories in São Paulo introduces this article. The impact of the loss of close people to COVID-19, the spread of false information about prevention and care, and the disorganization of daily life emerged from our sustained interaction with young people. Inequality and unemployment were growing before the pandemic, as was the number of mental health events. By co-producing and promoting integrality in prevention with young people, we have followed the social and community response to the syndemic in the context of online schools and school life under the impact of a decade of attacks on sex education. Sexuality, the theme that gave rise to most prevention projects, was challenging to address. Differently from the AIDS responses, community-territorial identities mobilized "untested feasibilities" for this social and health emergency by associating "resistance" to governmental negligence, violation, and the attack on human rights. Globally, this attack questions human rights universality and indivisibility, using sexuality to reinterpret its emancipatory sense of solidarity in difference. The notion of "psychosocial suffering" allows to deal with the excess of individualization and medicalization of suffering experiences structured by inequalities in this long-lasting context.

Fragmentos de "vida pandémica" recogidos en proyectos de prevención atravesados por la pandemia en territorios periféricos y escolares de São Paulo introducen este texto. El impacto de la muerte por Covid-19, la difusión de información falsa y la desorganización de la vida cotidiana emergen en las experiencias de interacción con los jóvenes. La desigualdad y el desempleo crecían antes de la pandemia, al igual que los eventos de salud mental. Apoyando la prevención integral coproducida con jóvenes, acompañamos la respuesta socio-comunitaria a la sindemia. La sexualidad, el tema que origino los proyectos de prevención, fue difícil de abordar con las escuelas en línea y en el contexto que expresa el efecto de la década de ataques a la educación sexual. A diferencia de la respuesta al sida, identidades comunitario-territoriales se movilizaron para producir inéditos viables para esta emergencia social y sanitaria, asociando "resistencia" a la negligencia, violación gubernamental de los derechos humanos. Globalmente, el ataque a los DH cuestiona su universalidad e indivisibilidad utilizando la sexualidad como bandera para reinterpretar el sentido emancipador de la solidaridad en la diferencia. La noción de sufrimiento psicosocial permite lidiar con el exceso de individualización y medicalización de experiencias de sufrimiento estructurado por desigualdades.

Psychosocial Suffering and Sexuality in the Context of Covid-19 and Attacks on Human Rights / Sofrimento Psicossocial e Sexualidade em Tempos de Covid-19 e de Ataque aos Direitos Humanos / Sufrimiento Psicosocial y Sexualidad en Tiempos de Covid-19 y Ataque a los Derechos Humanos

Fragments of a "pandemic life" collected in prevention projects in outer city and school peripherical territories in São Paulo introduces this article. The impact of the loss of close people to COVID-19, the spread of false information about prevention and care, and the disorganization of daily life emerged from our sustained interaction with young people. Inequality and unemployment were growing before the pandemic, as was the number of mental health events. By co-producing and promoting integrality in prevention with young people, we have followed the social and community response to the syndemic in the context of online schools and school life under the impact of a decade of attacks on sex education. Sexuality, the theme that gave rise to most prevention projects, was challenging to address. Differently from the AIDS responses, community-territorial identities mobilized "untested feasibilities" for this social and health emergency by associating "resistance" to governmental negligence, violation, and the attack on human rights. Globally, this attack questions human rights universality and indivisibility, using sexuality to reinterpret its emancipatory sense of solidarity in difference. The notion of "psychosocial suffering" allows to deal with the excess of individualization and medicalization of suffering experiences structured by inequalities in this long-lasting context.

Fragmentos da "vida-pandemia" colhidos em projetos de prevenção em territórios periféricos e escolares de São Paulo introduzem este texto. O impacto da perda de pessoas próximas para a Covid-19, a disseminação de informações falsas sobre a prevenção e cuidado e a desorganização do cotidiano atravessado pela pandemia emergem nas experiências de interação com jovens. A desigualdade e o desemprego cresciam antes da pandemia, assim como o número de eventos de saúde mental. Sustentando a integralidade na prevenção coproduzida com os jovens, acompanhamos a resposta sociocomunitária à sindemia em um contexto que expressa o impacto da década de ataques à educação sexual e das escolas online. A sexualidade, tema que originou os diferentes projetos de prevenção, foi difícil de abordar. Diferente da resposta à aids, identidades comunitárias-territoriais foram mobilizadas para produzir "inéditos viáveis" para essa emergência social e sanitária, mobilizando "resistência" à violação, à negligência governamental aos direitos humanos. Neste cenário, soma-se o ataque global aos DH que interpela sua universalidade e indivisibilidade e usa a sexualidade como bandeira para reinterpretar o sentido emancipador de solidariedade na diferença. A noção de sofrimento psicossocial permite lidar com o excesso de individualização e medicalização das experiências de sofrimentos estruturados por este contexto duradouro.

Fragmentos de "vida pandémica" recogidos en proyectos de prevención atravesados por la pandemia en territorios periféricos y escolares de São Paulo introducen este texto. El impacto de la muerte por Covid-19, la difusión de información falsa y la desorganización de la vida cotidiana emergen en las experiencias de interacción con los jóvenes. La desigualdad y el desempleo crecían antes de la pandemia, al igual que los eventos de salud mental. Apoyando la prevención integral coproducida con jóvenes, acompañamos la respuesta socio-comunitaria a la sindemia. La sexualidad, el tema que origino los proyectos de prevención, fue difícil de abordar con las escuelas en línea y en el contexto que expresa el efecto de la década de ataques a la educación sexual. A diferencia de la respuesta al sida, identidades comunitario-territoriales se movilizaron para producir inéditos viables para esta emergencia social y sanitaria, asociando "resistencia" a la negligencia, violación gubernamental de los derechos humanos. Globalmente, el ataque a los DH cuestiona su universalidad e indivisibilidad utilizando la sexualidad como bandera para reinterpretar el sentido emancipador de la solidaridad en la diferencia. La noción de sufrimiento psicosocial permite lidiar con el exceso de individualización y medicalización de experiencias de sufrimiento estructurado por desigualdades.

Treatment pathways and clinical outcomes in Hodgkin lymphoma outside Europe and North America: results from the international, multicenter, retrospective, B-HOLISTIC study.

Information on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is mostly limited to Europe and North America. This real-world, retrospective study assessed treatment pathways and clinical outcomes in adults with stage IIB-IV classical HL receiving frontline treatment (n = 1598) or relapsed/refractory HL (RRHL, n = 426) in regions outside Europe and North America between January 2010 and December 2013. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the RRHL group. Among patients with RRHL, 89.0% received salvage chemotherapy; most common regimen was etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin (ESHAP; 26.3%). Median PFS in the RRHL group was 13.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9-20.2) and was longer in patients with vs. without stem cell transplantation (SCT; 20.6 vs. 7.5 months; p = 0.0071). This large-scale study identified a lower PFS for RRHL in the rest of the world compared with Europe and North America, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies and SCT earlier in the treatment continuum.Clinical trial registration: NCT03327571.

Synthesis of ß-Hydroxy α-Amino Acids Through Brønsted Base-Catalyzed syn-Selective Direct Aldol Reaction of Schiff Bases of Glycine o-Nitroanilide.

Here we report the highly enantio- and syn-selective synthesis of ß-hydroxy α-amino acids from glycine imine derivatives under Brønsted base (BB) catalysis. The key of this approach is the use of benzophenone-derived imine of glycine o-nitroanilide as a pronucleophile, where the o-nitroanilide framework provides an efficient hydrogen-bonding platform that accounts for nucleophile reactivity and diastereoselectivity.

18f-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Versus Bone Marrow Biopsy for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Infiltration in Newly Diagnosed Lymphoma Patients

ABSTRACT Background: Bone marrow evaluation (BME) is crucial for establishing an accurate staging and prognosis in lymphoma patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) against bone marrow biopsy (BMB) for BME. Methods: Five hundred patient files of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients treated at an academic medical center were reviewed for BME at diagnosis by BMB and FDG PET-CT. Diagnostic performance of FDG PET-CT for detecting bone marrow infiltration (BMI) was assessed, as well as clinical predictors for positive BMB and positive FDG PET-CT. Results: BMB was positive in 16.3% of all patients, and 28.7% had a positive FDG PET-CT for BMI. Overall, the sensitivity of FDG PET-CT was 74.1% and specificity 80.1%. As for predictors for BMB and FDG PET-CT positivity, B symptoms and thrombocytopenia were independent factors for BMI. Seventy-four patients had discordant results between BMB and FDG PET-CT, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) having the most significant discordance. This discrepancy did not affect treatment. Conclusions: FDG PET-CT shows excellent performance for the detection of BMI in Hodgkin lymphoma. For diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, we recommend performing BMB and FDG PET-CT as complementary tests. In all other NHL, a unilateral BMB is mandatory at diagnosis.

The Teaching of Ethics and the Moral Competence of Medical and Nursing Students.

In a time marked by the development of innovative treatments in healthcare and the need for health professionals to deal with resulting ethical dilemmas in clinical practice, this study was developed to determine the influence of the bioethics teaching on the moral competence of medical and nursing students. The authors conduct a longitudinal study using the Moral Competence Test extended version before and after attending the ethics curricular unit, in three nursing schools and three medical schools of Portugal. In this questionnaire the participant is confronted with three ethical dilemmas (related to theft, euthanasia and the torture of a terrorist) and asked to evaluate arguments for and against the attitude of the main character (Worker, doctor and judge). For both nursing and medical students, C-score was lower after the attendance of the ethics curricular units, with a statistically significant decrease in the total score (from 21 to 19.5 on average; p = 0.046) for nursing students and a decrease not statistically significant for medical students (from 23.2 to 22 on average; p = 0.358). A multivariate analysis did not find any association between this decrease and gender, course, or age. The phenomenon of moral segmentation was observed, with better performance in the worker and judge dilemma, than in the doctor dilemma. These results highlight the need to reflect on the curricular strategies that can be implemented for health professionals to better develop moral competence and decision-making, allowing for the provision of humanized health care.

Linfomas en la era COVID-19 / Lymphoma and COVID-19

Resumen El coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) y su traducción clínica, la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), representan una enfermedad con manifestaciones respiratorias potencialmente fatales. Actualmente existen aproximadamente 12,700,000 personas afectadas por esta virus, el cual ha ocasionado 561,517 muertes en el mundo. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma, al igual que otros pacientes con cáncer activo, presentan compromiso inmunitario, ya sea por su propia patología o debido al tratamiento que reciben, por lo que son especialmente susceptibles a desarrollar cuadros graves de COVID-19. La transmisión comunitaria del SARS-CoV-2 dificulta el acceso al sistema de salud y, por ende, el seguimiento estricto que requieren lo pacientes bajo tratamiento oncológico. En la etapa en la que nos encontramos actualmente, la transmisión global de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 continúa en ascenso, por lo que un control epidemiológico cercano es poco probable. Ante este contexto, surge la necesidad de establecer guías de tratamiento de pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas.

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus and its clinical translation COVID-19 represent a disease with potentially fatal respiratory manifestations. Currently, there are approximately 12,700,000 people affected by this virus, which has caused 561,517 deaths worldwide. Patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma, like other patients with active cancer, have immune compromise either due to their own pathology or due to the treatment they receive, making them especially susceptible to developing severe cases of COVID-19. The community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 hinders access to the health system and, therefore, the strict monitoring required by patients undergoing cancer treatment. At the stage we are currently in, global transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to rise, making close epidemiological control unlikely. In this context, the need arises to establish guidelines for the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies.

18f-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Versus Bone Marrow Biopsy for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Infiltration in Newly Diagnosed Lymphoma Patients.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow evaluation (BME) is crucial for establishing an accurate staging and prognosis in lymphoma patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to study the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) against bone marrow biopsy (BMB) for BME. METHODS: Five hundred patient files of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients treated at an academic medical center were reviewed for BME at diagnosis by BMB and FDG PET-CT. Diagnostic performance of FDG PET-CT for detecting bone marrow infiltration (BMI)was assessed, as well as clinical predictors for positive BMB and positive FDG PET-CT. RESULTS: BMB was positive in 16.3% of all patients, and 28.7% had a positive FDG PET-CT for BMI. Overall, the sensitivity of FDG PET-CT was 74.1% and specificity 80.1%. As for predictors for BMB and FDG PET-CT positivity, B symptoms and thrombocytopenia were independent factors for BMI. Seventy-four patients had discordant results between BMB and FDG PET-CT, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) having the most significant discordance. This discrepancy did not affect treatment. CONCLUSIONS: FDG PET-CT shows excellent performance for the detection of BMI in Hodgkin lymphoma. For diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, we recommend performing BMB and FDG PET-CT as complementary tests. In all other NHL, a unilateral BMB is mandatory at diagnosis.

Infant-direct speech and mother-infant attention in depressed and nondepressed mothers / Discurso direcionado à criança e atenção mãe-criança em mães com e sem depressão pós-parto

Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with disturbances in mother-infant interaction. We compared the content of the infant-directed speech (IDS), the expression of positive affection in the maternal voice and the attentional engagement in dyads of PPD and non-PPD mothers. The participants of this study were 80 mothers and their infants at 3-6 months; 40 mothers presented PPD. The dyads were videotaped during free play interactions. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of these categories. A linear regression analysis indicated that the mother's years of education were a predictive factor for the quality of the interaction only for PPD mothers. PPD influenced mother-infant interaction when associated with maternal sociodemographic characteristics.

A depressão pós-parto (DPP) está associada a distúrbios na interação mãe-bebê. Nós comparamos o conteúdo do discurso direcionado à criança, a expressão de afeto positivo e o engajamento em episódios de atenção em díades de mães com e sem DPP. Participaram deste estudo 80 mães e seus bebês entre 3-6 meses; quarenta mães foram consideradas deprimidas. As díades foram filmadas durante interação livre. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em nenhuma dessas categorias. Uma análise de regressão linear indicou que os anos de escolaridade da mãe foram um fator preditivo para a qualidade da interação apenas para as mães com DPP. A DPP influenciou a interação mãe-bebê quando associada a características sociodemográficas maternas.

Patients' quality of life: Validation of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-bone marrow transplant (FACT-BMT) instrument for the Mexican population.

OBJECTIVE: The functional assessment of cancer therapy-bone marrow transplant (FACT-BMT) is a widely used instrument to assess quality of life (QOL) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, but there is little evidence of its validity in Latin American populations. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish language version of the FACT-BMT in Mexican patients. METHOD: First, the original version was piloted with 15 HSCT patients to obtain an adequate cultural version, resulting in the adaptation of one item. After that, the new version was completed by 139 HSCT patients. RESULTS: The results showed a FACT factor structure that explains 70.84% of the total variance, a factor structure similar to the original FACT structure, and with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.867). For the BMT subscale, the best factor structure included 17 items which explain 61.65% of the total variance with an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.696). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS: The FACT-BMT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate QOL in Mexican patients. Our results constitute new FACT-BMT empirical evidence that supports its clinical and research uses.

The University of São Paulo Twin Panel: Current Status and Prospects for Brazilian Twin Studies in Behavioral Research.

The University of São Paulo Twin Panel (Painel USP de Gêmeos), based at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, started formally in 2017. Our registry is new, but in only two years of formal existence, it comprises a volunteer sample of 4826 registered individuals (98% twins and 2% higher-order multiples), recruited at the University of São Paulo and by social media campaigns. Our main aim is to conduct and promote research with twins on psychological processes and behavior. The University of São Paulo is the largest higher education and research institution in South America, and the Painel USP de Gêmeos has great potential for fostering research on twin-related issues from a psychological perspective in Brazil and South America.

α-Branched Ketone Dienolates: Base-Catalysed Generation and Regio- and Enantioselective Addition Reactions.

In this study, the unique capacity of bifunctional Brønsted bases to generate α-branched ketone dienolates and control both site- and stereoselectivity of their addition reactions to representative classes of carbon electrophiles (i.e., vinyl sulfones, nitroolefins, formaldehyde) is documented. We demonstrate that by using selected chiral tertiary amine/squaramide catalysts, the reactions of ß,γ-unsaturated cycloalkanones proceed through the dienolate Cα almost exclusively and provide all-carbon quaternary cyclic ketone adducts in good yields with very high enantioselectivities. A minor amount (<5 %) of γ-addition is observed when nitroolefins are used as electrophiles. The parent acyclic ketone dienolates proved to be less reactive under these conditions, and thus still constitute a challenging class of substrates. Quantum chemical calculations correctly predict these differences in reactivity and explain the observed site-specificity and enantioselectivity.

Rites of Resistance: Sex Workers' Fight to Maintain Rights and Pleasure in the Centre of the Response to HIV in Brazil.

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted from 2011 to 2015 and the authors' long-term engagement in diverse aspects of HIV and human rights advocacy in Brazil, this paper explores key elements of the Brazilian sex workers' movement response to HIV and the broader political factors that profoundly influenced its trajectory. We argue that the movement has constantly challenged representations of prostitution by affirming sex workers' roles as political actors, not just peer educators, in fighting the HIV epidemic and highlight their development of a sex positive and pleasure centred response that fought stigma on multiple fronts. Moments of tension such as the censorship of an HIV prevention campaign and implementation of 'test and treat' projects are analysed, as are the complex questions that Brazil's 2016 political and economic crisis evokes in terms of how to develop and sustain responses to HIV driven by communities but with material commitment from the State. We conclude with what we see to be the unique, central components of Brazilian sex workers' approach to HIV prevention and what lessons can be learned from it for broader collective health movements in Latin America and beyond.

Codification method and Categories of Content of the Baby-directed Maternal Speech / Método de Codificação e Categorias de Conteúdo do Discurso Materno Dirigido a Bebês

Abstract The maternal speech oriented to the baby has been widely studied due to its importance for the child's development. In this article we present a research method and a set of content categories of maternal speech directed to the child. This methodological proposal is based on a survey of 80 dyads of mothers and babies, with and without postpartum depression (PPD). The distribution of frequency of the categories was similar in both groups. There was no statistical difference in the means of categories for mothers with and without PPD, indicating that there is no change in speech style due to maternal depression. In our view, these categories could be applied to study the speech of both healthy mothers and those with postpartum depression.

Resumo O discurso materno direcionado ao bebê tem sido amplamente estudado devido a sua importância no desenvolvimento infantil. Neste artigo apresentamos um método de investigação e um conjunto de categorias de conteúdo do discurso materno direcionado à criança. Esta proposta metodológica baseia-se numa pesquisa realizada com 80 díades de mães e bebês, com e sem depressão pós-parto (DPP). A distribuição das frequências das categorias foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Não houve diferença estatística nas médias das categorias para as mães com e sem DPP, indicando que não há mudança no estilo de discurso em função da depressão materna. Consideramos que as categorias podem ser aplicadas no estudo do discurso de mães saudáveis ou com depressão pós-parto.

α-Hydroxy Ketones as Masked Ester Donors in Brønsted Base Catalyzed Conjugate Additions to Nitroalkenes.

The catalyst-controlled enantioselective direct addition reaction of enolizable esters and related carboxylic acid derivatives to π electrophiles remains a difficult synthetic transformation. In this study, the suitability of α-hydroxy ketones as ester equivalents capable of being activated by bifunctional Brønsted base catalysts in the context of conjugate addition reactions to nitroolefins is demonstrated. The scope of the reaction, which affords the corresponding Michael adducts with very high stereoselectivity (diastereomeric ratio (d.r.) ≥95:5, up to 99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)), and its limitations are explored, as is the aftermath elaboration of adducts into densely functionalized enantioenriched products.

O comportamento materno e a depressão pós-parto no desenvolvimento prossocial em crianças de 36 meses de idade / The maternal behavior and the post-partum depression in the development of language and prossocial behavior of 3-year-old children / El comportamiento materno y la depresión posparto en el desarrollo del lenguaje y comportamiento prosocial de niños de 3 años de edad

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a influência da depressão pós-parto no comportamento materno no desenvolvimento da linguagem e comportamento prossocial de crianças de 3 anos de idade. Participaram desta pesquisa 61 díades mães-crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Público de Saúde do Município de São Paulo, no qual 28 mães apresentaram indicativos de depressão em algum momento após o nascimento do filho, em uma das avaliações realizadas (puerpério, 8, 24 e aos 36 meses) no projeto longitudinal. Avaliou-se o aspecto pragmático do desenvolvimento de linguagem (por atos e meios comunicativos) e a interação mãe e criança na tarefa de recolher os brinquedos, em filmagens de vinte minutos de brincadeira livre. Os dados, analisados por meio de testes estatísticos paramétricos, apontam que os fatores da depressão que influenciam o comportamento materno na relação com seu filho são sutis, pois as crianças apresentaram um desempenho linguístico dentro dos padrões esperados para a idade, verbalizaram mais e usaram mais gestos para se comunicar, exibiram mais objetos às suas mães e comentaram mais. As mães sem depressão explicam mais a seus filhos as razões e os motivos e seus filhos fornecem menos ajuda às suas mães, demonstrados por meio de recusas e desafios.

This study aimed at verifying the influence of post-partum depression on the maternal behavior in the development of language and prossocial behavior of 3-year-old children. A total of 61 mother-child dyads being attended by the Public Health System in the Municipality of São Paulo took part in this study, where 28 mothers presented signs of depression at some point after childbirth in one of the assessments performed (puerperium, 8, 24 and 36 months) during the longitudinal project. During twenty minutes of free play between mother and child, pragmatic aspect of language development (through communicative actions and means) and the clean-up task were assessed. The data, analyzed through parametric statistical tests, showed that depression factors influencing maternal behavior in relation to the child are subtle, insofar as the children presented a linguistic performance within the standards expected for the age, verbalized more and used more gestures to communicate, exhibiting more objects to their mothers and made more comments. Mothers without depression explain the reasons and motives of things to their children and they, in turn, provide less help to their mothers, which is demonstrated through defiance and refusals.

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo verificar la influencia de la depresión posparto en el comportamiento materno en el desarrollo del lenguaje y comportamiento prosocial de niños de 3 años de edad. En el presente estudio, 61 mujeres murieron atendidas por el Sistema Público de Salud del Municipio de São Paulo, en las cuales 28 madres presentaron indicativos de depresión en algún momento después del nacimiento del hijo en una de las evaluaciones realizadas (puerperio, 8, 24 y 36 Meses) en el diseño longitudinal. Se evaluó el aspecto pragmático del desarrollo del lenguaje (por actos y medios comunicativos) y la interacción madre y niño en la tarea de recoger los juguetes, en filmaciones de vinte minutos de juego libre. Los datos, analizados a través de pruebas estadísticas paramétricas, apuntan que los factores de la depresión que influencian el comportamiento materno en la relación con su hijo son sutiles, pues los niños presentaron un desempeño lingüístico dentro de los estándares esperados para la edad, verbalizaron más y utilizaron más gestos para comunicarse, exhibieron más objetos a sus madres y comentaron más. Las madres sin depresión explican más a sus hijos las razones y los motivos y sus hijos proporcionan menos ayuda a sus madres, demostradas por medio de rechazos y desafíos.

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Quaternary Barbituric Acids.

The catalytic asymmetric α-functionalization of prochiral barbituric acids, a subtype of pseudosymmetric 1,3-diamides, to yield the corresponding 5,5-disubstituted (quaternary) derivatives remains essentially unsolved. In this study 2-alkylthio-4,6-dioxopirimidines are designed as key 1,3-diamide surrogates that perform exceedingly in amine-squaramide catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions with vinyl ketones or Morita-Baylis-Hillmann-type allyl bromides as electrophiles. Mild acid hydrolysis of adducts affords barbituric acid derivatives with an in-ring quaternary carbon in unprecedented enantioselectivity, offering valuable materials for biological evaluations.