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1.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 41(1): 36-40, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32141364

ABSTRACT

Background: Inherited ocular conditions are a frequent cause of blindness. Gene therapy has encouraged the development of genetic testing, currently able to detect up to 80% of mutations in contrast to the 5% sensitivity achieved a few decades ago.Materials and methods: One hundred sixty-three patients with suspected genetic ocular disorders who were referred to a single clinician between August 2014 and August 2019 underwent a thorough ophthalmologic examination. Those diagnosed with congenital cataract, retinoblastoma, anterior segment dysgenesis, autoimmune retinal disease, posterior microphthalmia, or cobalamin C deficiency were excluded, along with patients who opted against genetic testing. Included probands were classified into a diagnostic clinical category and offered genetic testing. Blood samples were sent to foreign accredited diagnostic laboratories, followed by clinical interpretation of the results.Results: Of the 163 patients referred, 104 were enrolled in the study. Median age at disease onset was 2 years (range, 0 to 43 years). A molecular diagnosis was established at a median age of 10 years (range, 0.4 to 50 years). Disease-causing genotypes were identified in 82 of the probands, indicating a mutation detection rate of 78.8%. Mutations were identified in 38 genes, ABCA4 being the most commonly affected (23% of mutations), followed by CRB1 (13% of mutations). Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 6 patients, resulting in a definite diagnosis in 3 (50%).Conclusions: Molecular testing for inherited ocular conditions is feasible in developing countries by sending samples to certified foreign laboratories, with a mutation detection rate comparable to published values in developed countries. Further studies to identify more disease-causing genes may improve the overall sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Eye Proteins/genetics , Genetic Testing/methods , Mutation , Retinal Diseases/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Female , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Phenotype , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Young Adult
2.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 54(1): 31-5, 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-229075

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron todos los niños menores de 15 años, con diagnóstico clínico de herpes ocular, efectuado por oftalmólogos de servicios oftalmológicos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile y de un centro oftalmológico privado, desde abril de 1995 a abril de 1996, en Santiago de Chile. Se consignó información clínico epidemiológica, examen clínico y se obtuvieron mediante torulado muestras de conjuntiva y/o córnea del ojo afectado, conjuntiva del ojo sano y mucosa oral, utilizando una técnica estándar. Se efectuó aislamiento viral en células VERO (ATCCL81). En caso de detectarse efecto citopático, el aislado viral se propagó y almacenó para su estudio. Se efectuó identificación y tipificación viral con anticuerpos tipo específicos marcados con fluoresceína (DAKO). Se efectuó amplificación génica y análisis con enzimas de restricción. Resultados: se determinó que 14/15 aislados correspondían a herpes simplex tipo I (HSV-I) y uno a HSV-2, el cual muy probablemente correspondió a una infección perinatal por este virus. Las cepas de HSV-I presentaron patrones genómicos distintos entre sí y con la cepa de referencia norteamericana HSV-IF. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue de blefaritis herpética, seguida por la dendrita corneal, tanto en el primer espisodio clínico como en las recurrencias y en estas últimas, tiende a presentarse la misma forma clínica. La tasa de recurrencia es mayor que en la población adulta. La infección fue unilateral con la excepción de un caso con distintas formas de presentación en cada ojo y aislamiento simultáneo bilateral. En dos casos fue posible detectar excreción oral del virus subclínica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Genome, Viral , Keratitis, Herpetic/virology , Simplexvirus/genetics , Blepharitis/virology , Keratitis, Dendritic/virology
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