Impacto del índice de masa corporal sobre la capacidad predictiva del dispositivo COPD-6 en la detección de obstrucción al flujo aéreo / Impact of body mass index on the predictive capacity of the COPD-6 device in the detection of airflow obstruction

Fundamento y objetivo: El dispositivo portátil COPD-6 se ha validado como herramienta de cribado de obstrucción al flujo aéreo a través del cociente FEV1/FEV6. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no se ha evaluado el impacto del índice de masa corporal (IMC) sobre su capacidad para predecir dicha obstrucción. El objetivo del estudio ha sido valorar la capacidad predictiva del COPD-6 para detectar obstrucción al flujo aéreo en función del IMC del paciente. Material y método: Estudio observacional transversal realizado bajo los criterios de la práctica clínica habitual. Se incluyeron 223 sujetos a los que se les realizó espirometría convencional y COPD-6. Se analizó el area under the curve (AUC, «área bajo la curva») ROC del FEV1/FEV6 en la detección de obstrucción para el total de los pacientes y en función del IMC (IMC<30kg/m2e IMC≥30kg/m2). Se calcularon la sensibilidad y la especificidad, los valores predictivos negativo y positivo, así como la razón de verosimilitud para determinar el punto de corte del cociente FEV1/FEV6 del COPD-6 con mayor capacidad predictiva. Resultados: El COPD-6 permite descartar obstrucción al flujo aéreo con AUC de la curva ROC estimada de 88% (IC 95% 83-93). El punto de corte FEV1/FEV6 de 0,74-0,76 muestra la mejor capacidad predictiva. Sin embargo, dicha capacidad se ve alterada en función del IMC, con un incremento de falsos positivos en sujetos con IMC≥30kg/m2 al utilizar un mismo punto de corte para toda la muestra. Conclusión: La elección del punto de corte del cociente FEV1/FEV6 para la detección de obstrucción debe adaptarse al IMC del paciente (AU)

Background and objective: The portable COPD-6 device has been validated as a screening tool for airflow obstruction through the quantification of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio. To date, however, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on its ability to predict airflow obstruction has not been evaluated. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive ability of COPD-6 to detect airflow obstruction based on the patient's BMI. Material and method: A prospective and open cohort study in which 223 subjects who underwent conventional spirometry and COPD-6 were included. The area under the curve ROC (AUC) of FEV1/FEV6was analysed in the detection of obstruction for all patients in addition to BMI (BMI<30kg/m2and BMI≥30kg/m2). Sensitivity and specificity, negative and positive predictive value as well as likelihood ratio were calculated to determine the cut-off point of COPD-6 FEV1/FEV6 ratio with greater predictive capacity. Results: The COPD-6 allows ruling out airflow obstruction with AUC of the estimated ROC curve of 88% (95% CI 83-93). The cut-off point FEV1/FEV6 of 0.74-0.76 shows the best predictive capacity. However, this capacity is altered according to BMI with an increase in false positives in subjects with BMI≥30kg/ m2 when using the same cut-off point for the whole sample. Conclusion: The choice of cut-off point FEV1/FEV6 for the detection of obstruction should be adjusted to the patient's BMI (AU)

Impacto de la vacunación neumocócica de polisacáridos conjugados 13-valente en las exacerbaciones de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica con obstrucción al flujo aéreo moderada-muy grave / Impact of 13-valent pneumococal conjugate polysaccharide vaccination on exacerbations rate of COPD patients with moderate to severe obstruction

Introducción. Uno de los principales microorganismos descritos como causante de las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es Streptococcus pneumoniae. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de la administración de la vacuna neumocócica de polisacáridos conjugados 13-valente (VNC13) en pacientes con EPOC en lo que respecta al desarrollo de exacerbaciones y el posible efecto diferencial según perfil del paciente. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo de 18 meses de seguimiento de pacientes con EPOC y FEV1 ≤ 65%. Variables principales: estado de vacunación con VNC13, fenotipo 'exacerbador' o 'no exacerbador', número de exacerbaciones, ingresos y fallecimientos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo según la naturaleza de la variable y un análisis inferencial con IC95%, contrastes bivariados y análisis multivariante. Nivel de significación 5%. Se emplearon los paquetes estadísticos EPIDAT 3.0 y SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados. 121 pacientes fueron incluidos. El 24% se etiquetaron como fenotipo exacerbador. Un 36% estaban vacunados con VNC13. Durante el seguimiento, el 68% de los pacientes presentaron al menos una exacerbación y un 27% requirió ingreso. Observamos similitud (p> 0,05) en el número de exacerbaciones y fallecimientos, sin embargo el porcentaje de ingresos en los vacunados fue del 18% frente a 32% en el grupo de no vacunados. En el ajuste multivariado (controlando por el fenotipo del paciente) se observa un ORajustado de 2,77 de riesgo de ingreso en el grupo no vacunado (p=0,044). Conclusiones. La falta de vacunación con VNC13 en pacientes con EPOC casi triplica el riesgo de ingreso hospitalario (AU)

Introduction. One of the major microorganisms described as the cause of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV13) in COPD patients with regard to the development of exacerbations and the possible differential effect according to the patient’s phenotype. Material and methods. Prospective observational study of patients with COPD and FEV1 ≤ 65% and 18-month follow-up. Main variables: vaccination status with PCV13, phenotype 'exacerbator' or 'non-exacerbator', number of exacerbations, hospitalization and deaths. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed according to the nature of the variable and an inferential analysis with CI95%, bivariate contrasts, and multivariate analysis. Significance level 5%. The statistical packages EPIDAT 3.0 and SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results. 121 patients were included. Twenty-four percent were labeled as phenotype exacerbator. 36% were vaccinated with PCV13. During follow-up, 68% of patients had at least one exacerbation and 27% required hospitalization. We observed similarity (p> 0.05) in the number of exacerbations and deaths; however, the percentage of hospitalization in the vaccinated was 18%, compared to 32% in the non-vaccinated group. In the multivariate adjustment (controlling for the phenotype), an adjusted OR of 2.77 risk of hospitalization was observed in the non-vaccinated group (p = 0.044). Conclusions. Non-vaccination with PCV13 almost triples the risk of hospitalization in patients with COPD (AU)

Comorbilidad cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en Canarias (estudio CCECAN) / Cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Canary Islands (CCECAN study)

Introducción: Múltiples estudios han revelado una alta prevalencia de patología cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular en una muestra de pacientes canarios diagnosticados de EPOC y compararla con datos procedentes de la población general de Canarias. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio trasversal en 300 pacientes con EPOC y en 524 sujetos del grupo control sin patología respiratoria. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados según criterios de inclusión de las consultas ambulatorias de Neumología, mientras que los grupos control procedían de la población general adulta. Se registró información referente a: edad, sexo, hábito tabáquico, pruebas de función pulmonar y comorbilidad cardiovascular. Se compararon mediante análisis bivariado las dos muestras en cuanto al riesgo cardiovascular y, mediante modelos de regresión logística, se estimaron los riesgos en relación con la morbilidad cardiovascular de los pacientes con EPOC sobre la del grupo control. Resultados: Los pacientes con EPOC presentaron una elevada prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (72%), dislipidemia (73%), obesidad (41%), diabetes tipo 2 (39%) y síndrome apnea-hipopnea del sueño (30%) desde estadios leves de la enfermedad (GOLD 2009). La prevalencia de arritmia cardíaca fue del 22%, la de cardiopatía isquémica del 16%, la de insuficiencia cardíaca del 16%, la de enfermedad vascular periférica del 12% y la de enfermedad cerebrovascular del 8%. Respecto al grupo control, los pacientes con EPOC presentaban un mayor riesgo de tener dislipidemia (OR 3,24; IC del 95%: 2,21-4,75), diabetes tipo 2 (OR 1,52; IC del 95%: 1,01-2,28) y cardiopatía isquémica (OR 2,34; IC del 95%: 1,22-4,49). En el caso de la dislipidemia, se obtuvo un incremento del riesgo cuando se ajustó por edad, sexo y consumo de tabaco acumulado (OR 5,04; IC del 95%:2,36-10,74). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EPOC residentes en Canarias tienen una alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, cardiopatía isquémica y arritmia cardíaca. Frente a población general, los pacientes con EPOC presentan un importante incremento en el riesgo de presentar dislipidemia (AU)

Introduction: Numerous studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity in a Canary Islands population diagnosed with COPD, and compared it with data from the general population. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 300 patients with COPD and 524 subjects without respiratory disease (control group). The two groups were compared using standard bivariate methods. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the cardiovascular risks in COPD patients compared to control group. Results: Patients with COPD showed a high prevalence of hypertension (72%), dyslipidaemia (73%), obesity (41%), diabetes type 2 (39%), and sleep apnoea syndrome (30%) from mild stages of the disease (GOLD 2009). There was a 22% prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia, 16% of ischaemic heart disease, 16% heart failure, 12% peripheral vascular disease, and 8% cerebrovascular disease. Compared to the control group, patients with COPD had a higher risk of dyslipidaemia (OR 3.24, 95% CI; 2.21-4.75), diabetes type 2 (OR 1.52, 95% CI; 1.01-2,28), and ischaemic heart disease (OR 2.34, 95% CI; 1.22-4.49). In the case of dyslipidaemia, an increased risk was obtained when adjusted for age, gender, and consumption of tobacco (OR 5.04, 95% CI; 2.36-10.74). Conclusions: Patients with COPD resident in the Canary Islands have a high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmia. Compared to general population, patients with COPD have a significant increase in the risk of dyslipidaemia (AU)

Impact of body mass index on the predictive capacity of the COPD-6 device in the detection of airflow obstruction. / Impacto del índice de masa corporal sobre la capacidad predictiva del dispositivo COPD-6 en la detección de obstrucción al flujo aéreo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The portable COPD-6 device has been validated as a screening tool for airflow obstruction through the quantification of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio. To date, however, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on its ability to predict airflow obstruction has not been evaluated. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive ability of COPD-6 to detect airflow obstruction based on the patient's BMI. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective and open cohort study in which 223 subjects who underwent conventional spirometry and COPD-6 were included. The area under the curve ROC (AUC) of FEV1/FEV6 was analysed in the detection of obstruction for all patients in addition to BMI (BMI<30kg/m2 and BMI≥30kg/m2). Sensitivity and specificity, negative and positive predictive value as well as likelihood ratio were calculated to determine the cut-off point of COPD-6 FEV1/FEV6 ratio with greater predictive capacity. RESULTS: The COPD-6 allows ruling out airflow obstruction with AUC of the estimated ROC curve of 88% (95% CI 83-93). The cut-off point FEV1/FEV6 of 0.74-0.76 shows the best predictive capacity. However, this capacity is altered according to BMI with an increase in false positives in subjects with BMI≥30kg/ m2 when using the same cut-off point for the whole sample. CONCLUSION: The choice of cut-off point FEV1/FEV6 for the detection of obstruction should be adjusted to the patient's BMI.

Cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Canary Islands (CCECAN study). / Comorbilidad cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en Canarias (estudio CCECAN).

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity in a Canary Islands population diagnosed with COPD, and compared it with data from the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 300 patients with COPD and 524 subjects without respiratory disease (control group). The two groups were compared using standard bivariate methods. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the cardiovascular risks in COPD patients compared to control group. RESULTS: Patients with COPD showed a high prevalence of hypertension (72%), dyslipidaemia (73%), obesity (41%), diabetes type 2 (39%), and sleep apnoea syndrome (30%) from mild stages of the disease (GOLD 2009). There was a 22% prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia, 16% of ischaemic heart disease, 16% heart failure, 12% peripheral vascular disease, and 8% cerebrovascular disease. Compared to the control group, patients with COPD had a higher risk of dyslipidaemia (OR 3.24, 95% CI; 2.21-4.75), diabetes type 2 (OR 1.52, 95% CI; 1.01-2,28), and ischaemic heart disease (OR 2.34, 95% CI; 1.22-4.49). In the case of dyslipidaemia, an increased risk was obtained when adjusted for age, gender, and consumption of tobacco (OR 5.04, 95% CI; 2.36-10.74). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COPD resident in the Canary Islands have a high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmia. Compared to general population, patients with COPD have a significant increase in the risk of dyslipidaemia.