ABSTRACT
Occlusal morphology and difficult access for cleaning permanent molars result in the buildup of bacterial plaque and the development of caries. One method known as biological restoration was carried out. This technique known as biological restoration, has as main restorative material a fragment obtained from a duly donated extracted human tooth. This case report describes the restoration of an extensively decayed molar through the bonding of a fragment obtained from a third molar extracted from the patient himself. Biological restoration is a low-cost option that offers satisfactory aesthetic, morphological and functional results.The morphological/functional reestablishment of posterior teeth can be obtained through biological restoration, which allows the recovery of properties inherent to the dental structure, offers satisfactory aesthetic results and low cost.
Subject(s)
Autografts/transplantation , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Esthetics, Dental , Molar/surgery , Tooth Crown/transplantation , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Adolescent , Boron Compounds/chemistry , Dental Bonding/methods , Dental Cavity Preparation/methods , Dental Cements/chemistry , Dental Materials/chemistry , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Methacrylates/chemistry , Methylmethacrylates/chemistry , Molar, Third/surgery , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Transplant Donor Site/surgeryABSTRACT
We studied the effects of chronic intoxication with the heavy metals lead (Pb2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on memory formation in mice. Animals were intoxicated through drinking water during the pre- and postnatal periods and then tested in the step-through inhibitory avoidance memory task. Chronic postnatal intoxication with Pb2+ did not change the step-through latency values recorded during the 4 weeks of the test (ANOVA, P>0.05). In contrast, mice intoxicated during the prenatal period showed significantly reduced latency values when compared to the control group (day 1: q = 4.62, P<0.05; day 7: q = 4.42, P<0.05; day 14: q = 5.65, P<0.05; day 21: q = 3.96, P<0.05, and day 28: q = 6.09, P<0.05). Although chronic postnatal intoxication with Zn2+ did not alter a memory retention test performed 24 h after training, we noticed a gradual decrease in latency at subsequent 4-week intervals (F = 3.07, P<0.05), an effect that was not observed in the control or in the Pb2+-treated groups. These results suggest an impairment of memory formation by Pb2+ when the animals are exposed during the critical period of neurogenesis, while Zn2+ appears to facilitate learning extinction.
Subject(s)
Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Lead/toxicity , Retention, Psychology/drug effects , Zinc Acetate/toxicity , Zinc/toxicity , Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsABSTRACT
We studied the effects of chronic intoxication with the heavy metals lead (Pb2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on memory formation in mice. Animals were intoxicated through drinking water during the pre- and postnatal periods and then tested in the step-through inhibitory avoidance memory task. Chronic postnatal intoxication with Pb2+ did not change the step-through latency values recorded during the 4 weeks of the test (ANOVA, P>0.05). In contrast, mice intoxicated during the prenatal period showed significantly reduced latency values when compared to the control group (day 1: q = 4.62, P<0.05; day 7: q = 4.42, P<0.05; day 14: q = 5.65, P<0.05; day 21: q = 3.96, P<0.05, and day 28: q = 6.09, P<0.05). Although chronic postnatal intoxication with Zn2+ did not alter a memory retention test performed 24 h after training, we noticed a gradual decrease in latency at subsequent 4-week intervals (F = 3.07, P<0.05), an effect that was not observed in the control or in the Pb2+-treated groups. These results suggest an impairment of memory formation by Pb2+ when the animals are exposed during the critical period of neurogenesis, while Zn2+ appears to facilitate learning extinction
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Mice , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Lead/toxicity , Retention, Psychology/drug effects , Zinc/toxicity , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Zinc Acetate/toxicityABSTRACT
Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor. The authors report a case and discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. With recent advances in radiologic and surgical procedures an early diagnosis and radical resection might be possible, leading to a better prognosis or even to the cure of the condition.