ABSTRACT
Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with enriched diets containing broccoli and its phytochemical sulforaphane over 30 d. The levels of cytochrome P450, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activities were measured. Basal value of cytochrome P450 activity was significantly increased as consequence of the broccoli and sulforaphane enriched diets, while no statistically significant changes were found on catalase and lipid peroxidation activities. After benzo(a)pyrene exposure, the cytochrome P450 activity increased to higher levels in the fish feed with broccoli and sulforaphane when compared with the control fish. Activities of antioxidant enzymes also varied but without significant difference with the control fish. Supported by the lower concentrations of BaP metabolites in bile from fish fed with broccoli or with sulforaphane enriched diets (indicating a better xenobiotic elimination) the cytochrome P450 induction could be considered beneficial for the detoxification because this transformation is the first step for PAH elimination by the phase II system. The protection of aquaculture organism against pollution effects by designing special diets able to modulate the enzymes involved in the phase-I and phase-II detoxification mechanism are discussed.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity , Brassica/chemistry , Cichlids/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Animals , Aquaculture/methods , Benzo(a)pyrene/administration & dosage , Catalase/metabolism , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Inactivation, Metabolic/physiology , Isothiocyanates , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Sulfoxides , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , ThiocyanatesABSTRACT
Identificou-se a microbiota normal da região peri-alveolar de incisivos em 72 ratos Wistar, com 70-90 dias de idade e 280-330g de peso. As bactérias foram coletadas com suabes embebidos em solução salina. Do material depositado em tubo contendo 460µl de Brain Heart Infusion e diluído em 1:10, retirou-se 1µl para semeadura em placas de Petri. O crescimento médio foi 1,4x10(6) ± 2,6x10(5)UFC/ml. Segundo a ordem das freqüências, as bactérias encontradas foram: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Serratia liquefaciens. De todas as bactérias isoladas, as Gram-positivas e as Gram-negativas compreenderam 91,2 por cento e 8,8 por cento, respectivamente. Dentre as Gram-positivas, a mais freqüente foi Bacillus sp.(31,2 por cento) e a menos, Staphylococcus saprophyticcus (3,0 por cento). Quanto às bactérias Gram-negativas, a mais encontrada foi Escherichia coli (50,1 por cento) e a menos, Serratia liquefaciens (6,2 por cento)
