Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/pathology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Encephalomyelitis, Equine/veterinary , Animals , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/microbiology , Birds , Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/isolation & purification , Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology , Encephalomyelitis, Equine/microbiology , Encephalomyelitis, Equine/pathology , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/veterinary , Liver/microbiology , Liver/pathology , Louisiana/epidemiology , Male , Necrosis , Spleen/microbiology , Spleen/pathologyABSTRACT
A pedicle skin flap based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery was created in 12 cats. The artery was ligated and the vein left intact. Six cats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm absolute for 90 minutes daily for 14 days, starting the day after surgery. Skin flap color was significantly better in the treated cats on days 1, 2, and 3. The amount of exudate was significantly less in the treated cats on day 3. There was no difference in the amount of swelling between treated and nontreated control cats. Although five of six of the treated cats had 100% skin flap survival, there was no significant difference in total flap survival between treated and nontreated control cats.
Subject(s)
Cats/surgery , Dermatologic Surgical Procedures , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/veterinary , Surgical Flaps/veterinary , Wound Healing , Abdominal Muscles/blood supply , Animals , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a flock of emus in southeastern Louisiana. The outbreak involved juvenile and adult breeders ranging in age from 20 to 36 months, with an attack rate of 76% and a case fatality rate of 87%. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and characterization of the viral agent, and by detection of EEE antibody in two recovered emus. High mortality was preceded by marked depression, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and emesis of blood-stained ingesta. On postmortem examination, hemorrhagic enteritis and multiple petechia of viscera were observed. Microscopic changes included severe necrosis of hepatocytes, intestinal mucosa, and necrotizing vasculitis of the spleen and lamina propria of the intestine. No nervous system lesions were observed. This outbreak occurred concurrently with EEE in horses and was attributed to unseasonably heavy rainfall with an abundance of arthropod vectors and proximity to free-living reservoir host species.
