Enriching cross-sectoral collaboration to foster inclusive cultures in schools: a Model to address the needs of diverse Chilean Students.

Inclusive education involves the interaction of diverse actors from different societal sectors, such as education, health, and policy. Inclusion laws and regulations in Chile are relatively new and have been taken as a regional model. However, the efforts to implement them have revealed some structural difficulties that must be discussed. This conceptual analysis article aims to provide insights to enrich cross-sectoral collaboration to foster inclusive cultures in Chilean schools. Considering the OECD Analytical Framework, which describes a systemic approach, we provide definitions for the critical components of the model and discuss the advances and challenges of current Chilean public policies in this field -including the Chile Crece Contigo and the School Integration Programs (SIP)-, the Chilean education system functioning, the social contexts, and students' needs and supports based on the available evidence. Building from inclusive education literature and previous experiences, we delve into the model to address the needs of students with disabilities, social and cultural disadvantages, students belonging to the indigenous population, and students with a low socioeconomic level to propose action guidelines with a particular focus on integrating inclusive practices at the school level.

It Takes a Community: How Environmental Systems Construct (In)Competence in Autistic Peer Interactions.

PURPOSE: This study aims to illustrate how environmental systems shape the peer interactions of an autistic student within the classroom. METHOD: Drawing on the bioecological model of human development, this situated discourse analysis used thematic coding and microanalysis to examine data from semistructured interviews and 10 sessions of direct classroom observations of a 9-year-old autistic student and his classroom communication partners. RESULTS: Convergent data across participants, time, and data sources revealed the following systemic influences on peer interaction: predominant medicalized view of autism (macrosystem), educational practices (exosystem), misaligned roles across adults and peers in the classroom (mesosystem), and multimodal opportunities for direct interaction that were supported by objects and physical contact and inhibited by rapid pacing (microsystem). CONCLUSIONS: Findings illustrate the environmental complexities associated with the development of peer interactions for autistic students. We offer explicit clinical implications for how environmental factors can be addressed in the school-based eligibility determination process and in the Individualized Education Program.

Communication Profile of a Minimally Verbal School-Age Autistic Child: A Case Study.

Purpose The present clinical focus draws on an intrinsic case study to provide a thick description of the communication profile of John, a 9-year-old minimally verbal autistic student. Method Specifically, traditional behavioral assessments, classroom video observations, and semistructured interviews were used to gather information regarding John's communication profile and potential sensory-motor differences. Results Convergent evidence indicated that John's expressive profile was characterized by single words, emergent word combinations, some conventional gestures, and a low frequency of communicative initiations. Concomitant language comprehension challenges and poor intelligibility associated with motor speech impairment were also indicated. His sensory-motor profile was marked by fine motor impairment, relative strengths in gross motor abilities, and sensory differences across visual, hearing, and tactile modalities. Conclusion Direct implications for supporting minimally verbal autistic students like John include the need to (a) consider sensory-motor influences on social interaction and (b) support flexible use of multimodal communication resources, including augmentative and alternative communication. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12202448.

Chronic Melatonin Administration Reduced Oxidative Damage and Cellular Senescence in the Hippocampus of a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.

Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin administration improves spatial learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation in the adult Ts65Dn (TS) mouse, a model of Down syndrome (DS). This functional benefit of melatonin was accompanied by protection from cholinergic neurodegeneration and the attenuation of several hippocampal neuromorphological alterations in TS mice. Because oxidative stress contributes to the progression of cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in DS, this study evaluates the antioxidant effects of melatonin in the brains of TS mice. Melatonin was administered to TS and control mice from 6 to 12 months of age and its effects on the oxidative state and levels of cellular senescence were evaluated. Melatonin treatment induced antioxidant and antiaging effects in the hippocampus of adult TS mice. Although melatonin administration did not regulate the activities of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) in the cortex or hippocampus, melatonin decreased protein and lipid oxidative damage by reducing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PC) levels in the TS hippocampus due to its ability to act as a free radical scavenger. Consistent with this reduction in oxidative stress, melatonin also decreased hippocampal senescence in TS animals by normalizing the density of senescence-associated ß-galactosidase positive cells in the hippocampus. These results showed that this treatment attenuated the oxidative damage and cellular senescence in the brain of TS mice and support the use of melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for age-related cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in adults with DS.

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5° y 6° año de una escuela pública de Montevideo, Uruguay / Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in 5th and 6th school year children in a public school in Montevideo, Uruguay

Resumen:

Introducción: el aumento del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños es preocupante en el ámbito nacional e internacional y se ha convertido en una epidemia.Objetivos: este estudio tuvo como objetivo general identificar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5º y 6º año que concurren en una escuela pública de Montevideo (Uruguay) durante el periodo de julio-agosto de 2015. Los objetivos específicos son: conocer el perfil sociodemográfico de la población estudiada, identificar sus hábitos alimentarios, detectar los factores de riesgo y los casos de sobrepeso y obesidad.Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal (julio-agosto de 2015), en una escuela pública de Montevideo. Muestra por conveniencia de 54 niños de 5º y 6º año.Resultados: por índice cintura/talla (ICT) un 16% presenta sobrepeso y obesidad, por índice de masa corporal un 48%. El 9% tiene cifras elevadas de presión arterial; el 77% considera que las frutas y verduras forman parte de la dieta saludable; el 45% que la comida casera, pescado y agua son importantes; el 30% da importancia al desayuno, el 38% no lo realiza. Colación a media mañana con predominancia de snacks. Las comidas rápidas son las más frecuentes. El 26% nunca come pescado y el 20% nunca come frutas. La mayoría de las actividades extracurriculares son sedentarias.Conclusiones: se identificó prevalencia y factores de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad, encontrándose un porcentaje preocupante. Desbalance nutricional, comidas a deshoras y ausencia de desayuno son las características predominantes.

Como o estudante de enfermagem percebe a comunicação com o paciente em saúde mental / How nursing students perceive communication with patients in mental health

Identificar como o estudante de Enfermagem percebe a comunicação do paciente na saúde mental e descrever como tal percepção influencia em sua própria comunicação para o cuidado. Métodos Qualitativo, com produção artística individual após relaxamento com música instrumental e desenho em cubo planificado. A análise de palavras e frases enunciadas no coletivo evidenciou a unidade temática sobre a percepção da comunicação através dos sentidos corporais compartilhada por 23 estudantes do sétimo período do curso de Enfermagem. Resultados A produção demonstra a comunicação percebida, verbalizada e indicativa de intervenção, aproximação, escuta ampliada e atenção. Os sentidos corporais percebem comportamento, linguagem, transtornos, mecanismos de defesa, aproximação e necessidades de melhorias no cuidado. Conclusão Os sentidos corporais do estudante registram e expressam a comunicação verbal e não verbal do paciente com transtorno mental por meio de sensações, do comportamento e das condições de higiene do corpo, que emanam necessidades de cuidado...

To identify how Nursing students perceive patient communication in mental health and describe how this perception influences their own communication for care. Method Qualitative, with individual artistic production after relaxation using instrumental music and drawing in a planned cube. The analysis of the words and phrases pronounced in the group evidenced the thematic unit about the perceived communication through the bodily senses, shared by 23 seventh-semester students from the Nursing program. Results The production demonstrates that the communication perceived and expressed indicates intervention, approximation, expanded listening and attention. The bodily senses perceive behavior, language, disorders, defense mechanisms, approximation and needs for improvements in care. Conclusion The student's bodily senses register and express the verbal and non-verbal communication of patients with mental disorders through feelings, behavior and body hygiene conditions, which give rise to care needs...

O familiar acompanhante como estimulo comportamental de pacientes internados em terapia intensiva / El acompanante familiar como dispositivo para la estimulacion de pacientes internados en cuidados intensivos / Family companionship as a behavioural stimulus for intensive care patients

O objetivos deste estudo foram levantar as expressões verbais e não verbais presentes no comportamento do paciente antes, durante a inserção e permanência do familiar acompanhante no centro de terapia intensiva, e analisar comparativamente as alterações comportamentais do paciente durante esses momentos da internação. MÉTODO: O cenário foi o centro de terapia intensiva de um hospital no Rio de Janeiro, conveniado com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A abordagem qualitativa resultou da observação livre sobre o comportamento de cinco pacientes e registros em diário de campo durante três dias consecutivos. Priorizou-se observação do paciente no primeiro dia de internação e após a inserção ininterrupta do familiar acompanhante por três dias consecutivos. RESULTADOS: As mudanças nas reações verbais e não verbais do paciente após os estímulos gerados pela presença do familiar variaram de ausência de fala e movimentos, passividade no agir, a reações de aceitação dos procedimentos, comunicação cinésica ampliada e maior participação no cuidado. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar las expresiones verbales y no verbales presentes en el comportamiento del paciente antes y durante la inserción y permanencia del familiar acompañante en el centro de terapia intensiva y analizar comparativamente las alteraciones comportamentales del paciente durante eses momentos de la hospitalización. MÉTODO: el escenario fue un centro de terapia intensiva de un hospital en Rio de Janeiro, convenio firmado con el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). El enfoque cualitativo resultó de la observación libre sobre el comportamiento de cinco pacientes y de los registros en diario de campo durante tres días consecutivos. Se ha dado prioridad a la observación del paciente en el primer día de hospitalización y después de la inserción ininterrumpida del familiar acompañante por tres días consecutivos. RESULTADOS: los cambios en las reacciones verbales y no verbales del paciente después de los estímulos generados por la presencia del familiar cambiaron desde la ausencia de habla y movimientos y pasividad en el actuar, para reacciones de aceptación de los procedimientos; comunicación cinésica ampliada y mayor participación en el cuidado. .

OBJECTIVES: Record patients' verbal and nonverbal expressions and behavior when they were unaccompanied, and later when a family companion was present and comparatively analyze the alterations in patient behavior observed during these periods of hospitalization. METHOD: The study was conducted at the intensive care unit of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, which accepts patients from the Brazilian unified health system (SUS). A qualitative approach was taken, involving free observation and daily record keeping in field diaries of five patients' behavior during three consecutive days. We prioritized the observation of patients on the first day of hospitalization and subsequently when they had continuous family companionship for three consecutive days. RESULTS: The family companion served as a stimulus for positive changes in the patients' verbal and nonverbal reactions, from of a lack of speech and movement and general passivity, to reactions that showed an acceptance of procedures, increased kinetic communication and greater participation in care. .

Calidad de vida de los pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico atendidos en el Hospital Clínico Viedma y Caja Nacional de Salud, gestión 2011 / Quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated at Hospital Viedma and the National Health Fund, management 2011

El LES (Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico) es una enfermedad autoinmune, multisistémica, de gran heterogeneidad y variabilidad, caracterizada por la producción de auto anticuerpos, así como la formación y depósito de complejos inmunes. Aunque no todas las manifestaciones del LES pueden ser atribuidas a los complejos inmunes, ellos juegan un papel muy importante en su patología e inmunopatología, siendo el LES el prototipo de la enfermedad mediada por complejos antígeno-anticuerpo (A-A) en el ser humano. La etiología de la enfermedad permanece desconocida pero se cree que es multifactorial, resultando de la interacción compleja de factores genéticos y ambientales.La presente investigación presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Cochabamba sobre la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en criterios del estado físico, psicológico y social, de 15 pacientes con diagnóstico de LES atendidos en el Hospital Clínico Viedma y Caja Nacional de Salud. Los resultados de la investigación muestran un predominio de la enfermedad en mujeres de diferentes edades, niveles educativos y estado civil, en todas/os ellos predominan las manifestaciones físicas que repercuten negativamente en el aspecto psicológico y social del enfermo, afectando su calidad de vida, las necesidades básicas más comprometidas por la enfermedad son la de alimentación, relación familiar, protección y seguridad, expresado básicamente el miedo a la muerte.

Comunicação e enfermagem: indicativos para inserção do familiar acompanhante no Centro de Terapia Intensiva / Comunication and nursing – indicative of the insertion in the ICU familiar companion

O estudo abordou a questão da comunicação não verbal expressada pelo paciente internado em CTI, antes e após a inserção do familiar acompanhante durante o período de internação. Teve como objetivos identificar as expressões não verbais do paciente internado antes e durante a inserção do familiar/acompanhante e analisar como a permanência do mesmo influencia na comunicação não verbal do paciente durante a internação. Metodologia: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como cenário o setor de terapia intensiva da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, localizada no município de Barra Mansa, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram sete pacientes graves, internados em CTI com ou sem comprometimento do nível de consciência. Os aspectos éticos da pesquisa foram rigorosamente observados, segundo a Resolução CNS-196/96. Resultados: A produção dos dados deu-se a partir da observação das manifestações não verbais dos pacientes, antes e após a inserção do familiar acompanhante no CTI....