Aedes aegypti in Southern Brazil: Spatiotemporal Distribution Dynamics and Association with Climate and Environmental Factors.

In Brazil, the mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is considered the main vector of the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika arbovirus transmission. Recent epidemiological studies in southern Brazil have shown an increase in the incidence of dengue, raising concerns over epidemiological control, monitoring, and surveys. Therefore, this study aimed at performing a historical spatiotemporal analysis of the Ae. aegypti house indices (HI) in southern Brazil over the last 19 years. As vector infestation was associated with climatic and environmental variables, HI data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, climate data from the Giovanni web-based application, and environmental data from the Mapbiomas project were used in this study. Our results showed an expressive increase in the number of HI surveys in the municipalities confirming the vector presence, as compared to those in 2017. Environmental variables, such as urban infrastructure, precipitation, temperature, and humidity, were positively correlated with the Ae. aegypti HI. This was the first study to analyze Ae. aegypti HI surveys in municipalities of southern Brazil, and our findings could help in developing and planning disease control strategies to improve public health.

Implantação e implementação de serviços em cuidados paliativos / Establishing and implementing palliative care services / Implantación e implementación de servicios en cuidados paliativos

Resumo Considerando que a demanda de ampliação de serviços de cuidados paliativos nos hospitais gerais do Brasil torna necessário enfrentar obstáculos e estabelecer estratégias para viabilizar a implantação desses serviços no sistema de saúde, buscou-se identificar o processo de implantação e a efetivação de serviços de cuidados paliativos em hospitais gerais do país. Mediante revisão integrativa da literatura, que consistiu na análise de quatro artigos, foram identificadas as seguintes etapas para implantação e efetivação de serviços de cuidados paliativos: elaboração de protocolo, cuidado humanizado, multidisciplinariedade e educação. Além disso, detectaram-se os desafios a seguir: ausência de treinamento e educação em cuidados paliativos, dificuldade de consenso sobre práticas paliativas, comunicação, oferta de fármacos e apoio dos governos. Considera-se que o estabelecimento de políticas públicas é essencial para garantir a implantação dos cuidados paliativos em hospitais.

Abstract Since expanding palliative care services within general hospitals in Brazil involves confronting obstacles and establishing strategies to enable their implementation in the health system, this study sought to identify the process around establishing and implementing palliative care services in Brazilian general hospitals. An integrative literature review of four articles identified the following steps for establishing and implementing palliative care services: protocol development, humanized care, multidisciplinarity, and education. As for the obstacles, the analysis highlighted the lack of training and education in palliative care, difficulty in reaching consensus on palliative practices, communication, drug supply, and government support. In conclusion, public policy development is essential to guarantee the implementation of palliative care in hospitals.

Resumen Teniendo en cuenta que la demanda de servicios de cuidados paliativos en los hospitales generales de Brasil requiere el enfrentamiento de obstáculos y el establecimiento de estrategias para viabilizar la implementación de estos servicios en el sistema de salud, se plantea identificar el proceso de implantación y la efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos en hospitales generales del país. Desde una revisión integradora de la literatura, que consistió en el análisis de cuatro artículos, se identificaron las siguientes etapas para la implantación y efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos: Elaboración de protocolos, cuidado humanizado, multidisciplinariedad y educación. Además, se constataron como desafíos la falta de formación y educación en cuidados paliativos, la dificultad para llegar a consensos sobre prácticas paliativas, la comunicación, el suministro de medicamentos y el apoyo gubernamental. Es fundamental establecer políticas públicas para garantizar la implantación de los cuidados paliativos en los hospitales.

Community Health Agents and child health care: implications for continuing education.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the main situations faced by community health agents in relation to children's health in the light of permanent education actions. METHOD: This is a research of qualitative approach, which used the Arc of Maguerez. Ten community health agents from a Primary Health Care Unit participated in the study. The following steps were addressed: observation of reality; identification of key points, and theorization. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and their textual content was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, using the Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: Five classes were formed, which composed three thematic blocks named as follows: child's social vulnerability in the territory; handling the child's health record, and vaccination schedule. CONCLUSION: Unveiling situations that influence the work of community health agents is essential for continuing education, as this favors assumptions applicable to daily work with resoluteness in child health.

Does a decrease in microbial biomass alter mycorrhizal attributes and soil quality indicators in coal mining areas under revegetation process?

Losses of microbial diversity in degraded ecosystems still have obscure consequences, especially when considering the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil bacteria. This study investigates the effect of decreasing microbial biomass on mycorrhizal attributes and soil quality indicators. The dilution-to-extinction approach was applied in microcosms to search for associations among bacterial diversity, mycorrhizal attributes, and soil quality indicators. The experiment was conducted with four soil treatments (undiluted control 100 = D0, 10-3 = D3, 10-6 = D6, and 10-9 = D9) from a short-term (two years = 2Y) and a long-term (15 years = 15Y) coal mine revegetation area. Microcosms were inoculated with 300 spores of Acaulospora colombiana, Gigaspora albida, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum with millet as the host plant. Results included the total number of AMF spores, mycorrhizal colonization, soil aggregation, glomalin, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), basal soil respiration, microbial biomass, and soil bacterial microbiome. Larger differences were observed between areas than between dilution treatments within the sampling area. Attributes that presented differences in the dilutions compared to D0 2Y samples were mycorrhizal colonization (D0 = 85% and D9 = 43.3%), FDA (D0 = 77.2% and D9 = 55.5%), extractable glomalin-related soil protein (D0 = 0.09 and D9 = 0.11) and bacterial diversity (D0 = 7.3 and D6 = 5.3). D0 15Y samples presented differences in microbial biomass nitrogen (D0: 232.0) and bacterial diversity (D0: 7.9, D9: 5.6) compared to the dilutions. Bacterial microbiome present in the D0 samples formed distinct clusters as to other samples and correlated with soil aggregation and basal respiration attributes. Results suggest that AMF inoculation and dilution-to-extinction did not affect soil quality indicators preeminently, but the bacterial community is affected and can influence the process of environmental revegetation. A long-term revegetation period is substantial to improve quality indicators and establish the diversity of microorganisms and consequently revegetation in areas impacted by coal mining.

Community Health Agents and child health care: implications for continuing education / Agentes de Salud Comunitaria en el cuidado con la salud del niño: implicaciones para la educación permanente / Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no cuidado com a saúde da criança: implicações para a educação permanente

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the main situations faced by community health agents in relation to children's health in the light of permanent education actions. Method: This is a research of qualitative approach, which used the Arc of Maguerez. Ten community health agents from a Primary Health Care Unit participated in the study. The following steps were addressed: observation of reality; identification of key points, and theorization. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and their textual content was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, using the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: Five classes were formed, which composed three thematic blocks named as follows: child's social vulnerability in the territory; handling the child's health record, and vaccination schedule. Conclusion: Unveiling situations that influence the work of community health agents is essential for continuing education, as this favors assumptions applicable to daily work with resoluteness in child health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las principales situaciones vividas por los agentes de salud comunitaria en lo que se refiere a la salud del niño bajo la óptica de las acciones de educación permanente. Método: Es una investigación con abordaje cualitativo que utilizó el Arco de Maguerez. Participaron del estudio 10 agentes de salud comunitaria de un Centro de Atención Primaria a la Salud. Se abordaron las etapas: observación de la realidad, identificación de las cuestiones principales y teorización. Los discursos fueron grabados, transcritos y su contenido textual fue procesado en el software IRAMUTEQ utilizando la Clasificación Descendente Jerárquica. Resultados: Resultaron cinco clases que compusieron tres grupos temáticos nombrados de la siguiente manera: vulnerabilidad social del niño en el territorio, el manejo del carné de vacunación del niño y el calendario de vacunas. Conclusión: La revelación de las situaciones que impactan el trabajo de los agentes de salud es imprescindible para la educación permanente, una vez que puede favorecer premisas aplicables en el cotidiano del trabajo con resoluciones en la salud del niño.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as principais situações enfrentadas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde em relação à saúde da criança sob a ótica das ações de educação permanente. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o Arco de Maguerez. Participaram do estudo 10 agentes comunitários de saúde de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram abordadas as etapas: observação da realidade; identificação dos pontos-chave e teorização. Os discursos foram gravados, transcritos e seu conteúdo textual foi processado no software IRAMUTEQ, utilizando-se a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Formaram-se cinco classes, que compuseram três blocos temáticos nomeados da seguinte forma: vulnerabilidade social da criança no território; o manuseio da caderneta de saúde da criança e o calendário vacinal. Conclusão: O desvelar das situações que impactam no trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde são imprescindíveis para a educação permanente, por favorecer pressupostos aplicáveis no cotidiano do trabalho com resolutividade na saúde da criança.

Theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity.

OBJECTIVES: to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care. METHODS: Grounded Theory and the theoretical/philosophical framework of Virginia Henderson were used. The research was conducted in Family Basic Health Units and in Specialized Services in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 24 participants composed four sample groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between April and October 2015, and analyzed by the constant comparison method. The analysis occurred by initial coding, construction of diagrams and memos, axial coding, selective coding and reflection on the paradigm and on the emerging theory. RESULTS: six categories emerged from the data. Nurses worrying about the care of children with obesity as a neglected area in Primary Health Care was the theoretical model. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the phenomenon is related to the individuality of nursing care and the need for shared responsibilities.

Theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity / Modelo teórico de cuidado del enfermero para el niño con problemas de obesidad / Modelo teórico de cuidado do enfermeiro à criança com obesidade

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care. Methods: Grounded Theory and the theoretical/philosophical framework of Virginia Henderson were used. The research was conducted in Family Basic Health Units and in Specialized Services in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 24 participants composed four sample groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between April and October 2015, and analyzed by the constant comparison method. The analysis occurred by initial coding, construction of diagrams and memos, axial coding, selective coding and reflection on the paradigm and on the emerging theory. Results: six categories emerged from the data. Nurses worrying about the care of children with obesity as a neglected area in Primary Health Care was the theoretical model. Final Considerations: the phenomenon is related to the individuality of nursing care and the need for shared responsibilities.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir el modelo teórico de atención de enfermería para niños con obesidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: se utilizó la Teoría Basada en Datos y el marco teórico/filosófico de Virginia Henderson. La investigación se realizó en diversas Unidades Básicas de Salud Familiar y Servicios Especializados en Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Hubo 24 participantes que formaron cuatro grupos de muestra. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, entre abril y octubre de 2015 y se analizaron mediante el método de comparación constante. El análisis se realizó utilizando la codificación inicial, la construcción de diagramas y memorandos, la codificación axial, selectiva y la reflexión sobre el paradigma y la teoría emergente. Resultados: de los datos surgieron seis categorías. El modelo teórico estaba constituido por el enfermero preocupado con el cuidado de niños con obesidad como área desatendida en la Atención Primaria. Consideraciones Finales: el fenómeno traspasa la individualidad de la atención del enfermero y se depara con la necesidad de una responsabilidad compartida.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o modelo teórico de cuidado do enfermeiro com crianças com obesidade na Atenção Básica de Saúde. Métodos: utilizou-se da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e na referencial teórico/filosófico de Virginia Henderson. A pesquisa foi realizada em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família e Serviços Especializados, em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Com 24 participantes que formaram quatro grupos amostrais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, entre abril a outubro 2015, e analisados pelo método de comparação constante. A análise realizou-se pela codificação inicial, construção de diagramas e memorandos, codificação axial, seletiva e reflexão sobre o paradigma e a teoria emergente. Resultados: seis categorias emergiram dos dados. Constitui o modelo teórico a preocupação do enfermeiro com o cuidado à criança com obesidade como área negligenciada na Atenção Básica. Considerações Finais: o fenômeno perpassa a individualidade do cuidado do enfermeiro e se depara com a necessidade de uma responsabilidade compartilhada.

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A: occurrence and contamination levels in cocoa beans from Brazil.

In the present study, the occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was evaluated in 123 samples of cocoa beans produced in five Brazilian states. The presence of these mycotoxins was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after immunoaffinity column clean-up. The mean level of total AFs in cocoa beans samples was 5.7 µg.kg-1. Four (3.3%) samples exceeded the maximum limit of 10 µg.kg-1 established by the Brazilian legislation for total AFs. The mean level of OTA contamination was 1.2 µg.kg-1, and none of the samples exceeded the maximum limit established by the Brazilian legislation. The co-occurrence of AFs and OTA was observed in 4.9% of the samples. The results of the present study demonstrated that, in relation to the levels of AFs and OTA established by the Brazilian legislation, most samples of cocoa beans analyzed are safe for consumption. This is the first report on the occurrence and levels of AFs and OTA in cocoa beans from the five main Brazilian states producing cocoa. The data in this study provide important information for farmers, traders, industry, consumers and law enforcement agencies.

Triatomines: Trypanosomatids, Bacteria, and Viruses Potential Vectors?

Triatominae bugs are the vectors of Chagas disease, a major concern to public health especially in Latin America, where vector-borne Chagas disease has undergone resurgence due mainly to diminished triatomine control in many endemic municipalities. Although the majority of Triatominae species occurs in the Americas, species belonging to the genus Linshcosteus occur in India, and species belonging to the Triatoma rubrofasciata complex have been also identified in Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, and in the Western Pacific. Not all of Triatominae species have been found to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, but the possibility of establishing vector transmission to areas where Chagas disease was previously non-endemic has increased with global population mobility. Additionally, the worldwide distribution of triatomines is concerning, as they are able to enter in contact and harbor other pathogens, leading us to wonder if they would have competence and capacity to transmit them to humans during the bite or after successful blood feeding, spreading other infectious diseases. In this review, we searched the literature for infectious agents transmitted to humans by Triatominae. There are reports suggesting that triatomines may be competent vectors for pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, Bartonella, and Mycobacterium leprae, and that triatomine infection with other microrganisms may interfere with triatomine-T. cruzi interactions, altering their competence and possibly their capacity to transmit Chagas disease.

Qualidade higienicossanitária de hortaliças cruas servidas em restaurante institucional da Baixada Santista, SP

A qualidade higienicossanitária de verduras consumidas cruas constitui fator importante para a prevenção das doenças de origem alimentar. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a qualidade higienicossanitária de hortaliças cruas servidas em um restaurante da Baixada Santista. Para isso, foram realizadas 30 coletas de amostras, num período de 4 meses e analisada a qualidade microbiológica e a presença de parasitas. Para avaliação de Boas Práticas em serviço de alimentação, foi aplicado um checklist e realizado o treinamento de colaboradores. Nas análises microbiológicas constatou-se que 53,3% das amostras foram consideradas impróprias para consumo para o parâmetro de coliformes a 35°C e termotolerantes e também foi constatada ausência total de Salmonella segundo a RDC nº 12 de 02/01/2001. Quanto às análises parasitológicas, 10% das amostras apresentaram resultados positivos. A partir da aplicação do checklist, os dados coletados demonstraram falta de qualidade sanitária no preparo das saladas, inadequação quanto à higiene pessoal e ambiental, e inadequação das edificações e instalações em 51,83% do checklist aplicado. O treinamento em Boas Práticas de Manipulação deve ser executado periodicamente com todos os colaboradores. Conclui-se que a falta de qualidade higienicossanitária no preparo das saladas e a inadequação das boas práticas observadas, podem comprometer a qualidade da refeição e a saúde do consumidor.(AU)

The hygienic-sanitary quality of ready-to-eat foods is important to the prevention of food-borne diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw vegetables served at Baixada Santista. For this, 30 samples of raw salads were sampled, in a period of four months and were submitted to microbiological and parasitologycal analysis. For the evaluation of Good Practices in food service, a checklist was applied and training of handlers. In the microbiological analysis, 53,3% of the samples were considered improper for consumption for the coliform parameter at 35ºC and thermotolerant and was also found absence of Salmonella according to RDC nº12 of 01/02/2001. Regarding the parasitological analysis, ten percent of samples had parasites. From the application of the checklist, the data show lack of sanitary quality without preparation of salads, inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, and inadequate buildings and facilities in 51,83% of the checklists applied. Training in Good Handling Practices should be performed periodically with all handlers. lt is concluded that the lack of hygienic-sanitary quality without preparation of the salads and an inadequacy of the observed good practices can compromise a quality of the meal and a health of the consumer.(AU)

Qualidade higienicossanitária de hortaliças cruas servidas em restaurante institucional da Baixada Santista, SP / Hygienicosanitary quality of raw vegetables served in institutional restaurant of Baixada Santista, SP

A qualidade higienicossanitária de verduras consumidas cruas constitui fator importante para a prevenção das doenças de origem alimentar. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a qualidade higienicossanitária de hortaliças cruas servidas em um restaurante da Baixada Santista. Para isso, foram realizadas 30 coletas de amostras, num período de 4 meses e analisada a qualidade microbiológica e a presença de parasitas. Para avaliação de Boas Práticas em serviço de alimentação, foi aplicado um checklist e realizado o treinamento de colaboradores. Nas análises microbiológicas constatou-se que 53,3% das amostras foram consideradas impróprias para consumo para o parâmetro de coliformes a 35ºC e termotolerantes e também foi constatada ausência total de Salmonella segundo a RDC nº 12 de 02/01/2001. Quanto às análises parasitológicas, 10% das amostras apresentaram resultados positivos. A partir da aplicação do checklist, os dados coletados demonstraram falta de qualidade sanitária no preparo das saladas, inadequação quanto à higiene pessoal e ambiental, e inadequação das edificações e instalações em 51,83% do checklist aplicado. O treinamento em Boas Práticas de Manipulação deve ser executado periodicamente com todos os colaboradores. Conclui-se que a falta de qualidade higienicossanitária no preparo das saladas e a inadequação das boas práticas observadas, podem comprometer a qualidade da refeição e a saúde do consumidor.

The hygienic-sanitary quality of ready-to-eat foods is important to the prevention of food-borne diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw vegetables served at Baixada Santista. For this, 30 samples of raw salads were sampled, in a period of four months and were submitted to microbiological and parasitologycal analysis. For the evaluation of Good Practices in food service, a checklist was applied and training of handlers. In the microbiological analysis, 53,3% of the samples were considered improper for consumption for the coliform parameter at 35ºC and thermotolerant and was also found absence of Salmonella according to RDC nº12 of 01/02/2001. Regarding the parasitological analysis, ten percent of samples had parasites. From the application of the checklist, the data show lack of sanitary quality without preparation of salads, inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, and inadequate buildings and facilities in 51,83% of the checklists applied. Training in Good Handling Practices should be performed periodically with all handlers. It is concluded that the lack of hygienic-sanitary quality without preparation of the salads and an inadequacy of the observed good practices can compromise a quality of the meal and a health of the consumer.

School Health Nursing Program: prevention and control of overweight/obesity in adolescents. / Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola: prevenção e controle de sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction process of an intervention in the form of a Nursing Care program to Adolescents aimed at preventing and controlling overweight/obesity in the school environment. METHOD: A methodological study developed through Intervention Mapping in Natal/RN, Brazil, between October of 2015 and September of 2016, with the participation of adolescents, public school teachers and nurses in Primary Health Care. Data sources were focus groups, interviews and an integrative review. The Collective Subject Discourse was used for analysis. RESULTS: At the end of the six stages of the Intervention Mapping, the "School Health Nursing Program" (Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola) was constructed, which should be implemented over 10 months with five weekly classes of exercises and a weekly session of nursing interventions detailed in the Program. CONCLUSION: The nursing intervention guided by Intervention Mapping allows actions based on theories, community participation, school/service bonds, and care continuity.

Nursing care of overweight children: A concept analysis.

AIM: To report an analysis of the concept nursing care of overweight children. BACKGROUND: Patient care is the essence of nursing practice. Nursing professionals must define how to serve specific population groups, including overweight children, presenting real solutions to their problem. A clear conceptual analysis is necessary to unify nursing language and to contribute to nursing practice. DESIGN: Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES: The following databases were searched: COCHRANE, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, and CAPES Theses Library of Brazil. REVIEW METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis methodology was adopted in this study. Twenty-two articles were analyzed, and the uses, attributes, antecedents, and outcomes of the concept were identified. The nursing care assumptions proposed by Virginia Henderson comprised the theoretical referential. RESULTS: The attributes of nursing care for overweight children included investigation, guidance, and monitoring of dietary, clinical, academic, and social aspects, along with evaluation of lifestyle and anthropometric data related to the affected children and their families. CONCLUSION: This study enabled the construction of a defined concept for nursing care of overweight children that may be useful in the construction of a medium-range theory. Further research is recommended to verify the usefulness of the nursing approach.

Morphological and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in revegetated iron-mining site has the same magnitude of adjacent pristine ecosystems.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important during revegetation of mining sites, but few studies compared AMF community in revegetated sites with pristine adjacent ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess AMF species richness in a revegetated iron-mining site and adjacent ecosystems and to relate AMF occurrence to soil chemical parameters. Soil samples were collected in dry and rainy seasons in a revegetated iron-mining site (RA) and compared with pristine ecosystems of forest (FL), canga (NG), and Cerrado (CE). AMF species were identified by spore morphology from field and trap cultures and by LSU rDNA sequencing using Illumina. A total of 62 AMF species were recovered, pertaining to 18 genera and nine families of Glomeromycota. The largest number of species and families were detected in RA, and Acaulospora mellea and Glomus sp1 were the most frequent species. Species belonging to Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae accounted for 42%-48% of total species richness. Total number of spores and mycorrhizal inoculum potential tended to be higher in the dry than in the rainy season, except in RA. Sequences of uncultured Glomerales were dominant in all sites and seasons and five species were detected exclusively by DNA-based identification. Redundancy analysis evidenced soil pH, organic matter, aluminum, and iron as main factors influencing AMF presence. In conclusion, revegetation of the iron-mining site seems to be effective in maintaining a diverse AMF community and different approaches are complementary to reveal AMF species, despite the larger number of species being identified by traditional identification of field spores.

A 28-day Sub-acute Genotoxic and Behavioural Assessment of Garcinielliptone FC.

Garcinielliptone FC (GFC) is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Platonia insignis Mart (Clusiaceae) with promising anticonvulsant properties. However, its safe use and other effects on the central nervous system require assessment. This study assessed the toxicological effects of GFC using the comet assay and the micronucleus test in mice treated for 28 days. A behavioural model was employed to detect possible injuries on the central nervous system. Mice treated with GFC (2, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for 28 days were submitted to rotarod test, open-field test and tail suspension test (TST). After the behaviour tasks, biological samples were assessed to evaluate genotoxic and mutagenic effects using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Garcinielliptone FC did not impair the performance of the animals in the rotarod and open-field tests, with no antidepressant-like effect in TST. No genotoxic effects in blood and cerebral cortex were observable in the comet assay; however, there was a significant increase in index and frequency of damage in liver after treatment with GFC 20 mg/kg. Garcinielliptone FC did not increase micronucleus frequency in bone marrow. At the tested doses, GFC was not toxic to the CNS and did not induce genotoxic damage to blood or bone narrow cells. DNA damage to liver tissue was caused only by the highest dose, although no mutagenic potential was observed.

Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. RESULTS: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSION: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

Vermicomposto bioenriquecido com Trichoderma spp / Vermicompost bioenriched with Trichoderma spp

A ciclagem de resíduos de origem animal pelo processo de compostagem e sua transformação em insumos para produção vegetal além de minimizarem os impactos ambientais, podem ser uma importante fonte de renda ao produtor. Além disso, a compostagem desses resíduos produz um insumo agrícola com elevado potencial na produção de hortaliças e com possibilidade de associação com organismos de controle biológico, possibilitando a produção de um substrato ecologicamente correto, rico em nutrientes e protetor da saúde das plantas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivência do fungo Trichoderma spp. durante o processo de vermicompostagem, as alterações físico/químicas ocasionadas no substrato e o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de alface cultivadas. Foram avaliados, como substratos base, resíduos da criação de ovinos; cavalos e coelhos, com ou sem a adição de Trichoderma spp. Em todos os tratamentos foram adicionadas minhocas da espécie Eisenia fetida. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x2 e o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições O fungo Trichoderma spp. sobrevive durante o processo de vermicompostagem dos diferentes resíduos. A utilização de Trichoderma spp. não teve efeito nos teores de fósforo, magnésio e matéria orgânica, reduziu os valores de cálcio, elevou os teores de potássio para o substrato a base de coelho, aumentou a densidade seca do substrato base de resíduos de coelho e reduziu do substrato base de resíduos de cavalos. O substrato que proporcionou o melhor crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de alface foi o de resíduos de criação de cavalos, sendo favorecido pela presença de Trichoderma spp. no segundo ano de cultivo.(AU)

The intensification of agropastoral activity leads to a high production of waste. The composting of these residues produces an agricultural input with high potential in the production of vegetables and with the possibility of association with organisms of biological control, allowing the production of an ecologically correct substrate, rich in nutrients and protector of the health of the plants. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of the fungus Trichoderma spp. During the vermicompost process,as the physical / chemical development caused not substrate and the growth and development of lettuce plants grown in the different treatments used. Basal substrates were obtained from the creation of three different animals: sheep, Horses and rabbits, whether or not containing added Trichoderma spp. In all treatments, worms of Eisenia foetida were added. Evaluations of fungus survival, physical and chemical analyzes of the substrate produced and evaluation without growth and development of lettuce plants were carried out. The treatments were arranged in a 3x2 factorial scheme and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replicates. Data were analyzed using Sisvar® software, and as means averages compared by Scott Knott's test at 5% error probability. Trichoderma spp. It survives the vermicompost process by improving the development of lettuce plants when associated with farmsresidue. The use of Trichoderma spp. It reduced the calcium values of all substrates, raised a dry density of the base substrate of rabbit residues, and reduced the base substrate of farmyard residues. The substrate that provided the best growth and development of lettuce plants was the residues of rearing of horses, being favored by the presence of Trichoderma spp. in the second year.(AU)

Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola: prevenção e controle de sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes / School Health Nursing Program: prevention and control of overweight/obesity in adolescents / Programa de Enfermería Salud en la Escuela: prevención y control de sobrepeso/obesidad en adolescentes

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o processo de construção de uma intervenção em forma de programa para assistência de enfermagem ao adolescente, direcionado à prevenção e ao controle de sobrepeso/obesidade na escola. Método Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido por meio do Mapeamento de Intervenção, em Natal/RN, Brasil, entre outubro de 2015 e setembro de 2016, com a participação de adolescentes, professores de escolas públicas e enfermeiras da Atenção Primária. As fontes de dados foram grupos focais, entrevistas e revisão integrativa. Utilizou-se do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo na análise. Resultados Ao final das seis etapas do Mapeamento de Intervenção, construiu-se o "Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola", que deverá ser implementado em 10 meses, com cinco aulas semanais de exercícios e uma sessão semanal de intervenções de enfermagem, detalhadas no Programa. Conclusão A intervenção de enfermagem orientada pelo Mapeamento de Intervenção permite ações embasadas em teorias, participação da comunidade, vínculo escola/serviço e continuidade da assistência.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the construction process of an intervention in the form of a Nursing Care program to Adolescents aimed at preventing and controlling overweight/obesity in the school environment. Method A methodological study developed through Intervention Mapping in Natal/RN, Brazil, between October of 2015 and September of 2016, with the participation of adolescents, public school teachers and nurses in Primary Health Care. Data sources were focus groups, interviews and an integrative review. The Collective Subject Discourse was used for analysis. Results At the end of the six stages of the Intervention Mapping, the "School Health Nursing Program" (Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola) was constructed, which should be implemented over 10 months with five weekly classes of exercises and a weekly session of nursing interventions detailed in the Program. Conclusion The nursing intervention guided by Intervention Mapping allows actions based on theories, community participation, school/service bonds, and care continuity.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir el proceso de construcción de una intervención en forma de programa para asistencia enfermera al adolescente, dirigido a la prevención y al control de sobrepeso/obesidad en la escuela. Método Estudio metodológico, desarrollado mediante el Mapeo de Intervención, en Natal/RN, Brasil, entre octubre de 2015 y septiembre de 2016, con la participación de adolescentes, profesores de escuelas públicas y enfermeras de la Atención Primaria. Las fuentes de datos fueron grupos focales, entrevistas y revisión integrativa. Se utilizó el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo en el análisis. Resultados Al final de las seis etapas del Mapeo de Intervención, se construyó el "Programa de Enfermería Salud en la Escuela", el que deberá implantarse en 10 meses, con cinco clases semanales de ejercicios y una sesión semanal de intervenciones de enfermería, detalladas en el Programa. Conclusión La intervención de enfermería orientada por el Mapeo de Intervención permite acciones fundamentadas en teorías, participación de la comunidad, vínculo escuela/servicio y continuidad de la asistencia.

Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients / Factores asociados a demoras en la búsqueda de atención del enfermo de tuberculosis / Fatores associados ao atraso na procura por atendimento pelo doente de tuberculose

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusion: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores sociales, clínicos y conductuales de enfermos de tuberculosis, asociados a la demora por buscar la primera atención de salud. Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 56 personas en tratamiento de tuberculosis pulmonar, en Natal/RN, Brasil. Datos recolectados mediante instrumento estructurado. Se aplicaron los tests de Chi-cuadrado y de Fisher para probar la asociación entre las variables dependientes e independientes (tiempo de búsqueda). Se estableció un valor de p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Ninguna variable social o clínica mostró asociación estadística a la demora del enfermo en la búsqueda de la primera atención de salud. Entre las variables conductuales, la automedicación y el primer servicio de salud buscado presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el tiempo de búsqueda (p = 0,020 y p = 0,033, respectivamente). Conclusión: La automedicación contribuye a la demora en la búsqueda de la primera atención de salud en el enfermo de tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores sociais, clínicos e comportamentais dos doentes de tuberculose que estejam associados ao atraso na procura pelo primeiro atendimento à saúde. Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, conduzido com 56 pessoas em tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar em Natal/RN, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento estruturado. Aplicaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e Fisher para testar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes (tempo de procura). Fixou-se valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Nenhuma variável social ou clínica se mostrou estatisticamente associada ao atraso do doente na procura pelo primeiro serviço de saúde. Dentre as variáveis comportamentais, a automedicação e o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado apresentaram associação estatística significativa com o tempo de procura (p = 0,020 e p = 0,033, respectivamente). Conclusão: A automedicação contribui para o atraso na procura pelo primeiro atendimento à saúde pelo doente de tuberculose.

Vermicomposto bioenriquecido com Trichoderma spp / Vermicompost bioenriched with Trichoderma spp

A ciclagem de resíduos de origem animal pelo processo de compostagem e sua transformação em insumos para produção vegetal além de minimizarem os impactos ambientais, podem ser uma importante fonte de renda ao produtor. Além disso, a compostagem desses resíduos produz um insumo agrícola com elevado potencial na produção de hortaliças e com possibilidade de associação com organismos de controle biológico, possibilitando a produção de um substrato ecologicamente correto, rico em nutrientes e protetor da saúde das plantas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivência do fungo Trichoderma spp. durante o processo de vermicompostagem, as alterações físico/químicas ocasionadas no substrato e o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de alface cultivadas. Foram avaliados, como substratos base, resíduos da criação de ovinos; cavalos e coelhos, com ou sem a adição de Trichoderma spp. Em todos os tratamentos foram adicionadas minhocas da espécie Eisenia fetida. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x2 e o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições O fungo Trichoderma spp. sobrevive durante o processo de vermicompostagem dos diferentes resíduos. A utilização de Trichoderma spp. não teve efeito nos teores de fósforo, magnésio e matéria orgânica, reduziu os valores de cálcio, elevou os teores de potássio para o substrato a base de coelho, aumentou a densidade seca do substrato base de resíduos de coelho e reduziu do substrato base de resíduos de cavalos. O substrato que proporcionou o melhor crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de alface foi o de resíduos de criação de cavalos, sendo favorecido pela presença de Trichoderma spp. no segundo ano de cultivo.

The intensification of agropastoral activity leads to a high production of waste. The composting of these residues produces an agricultural input with high potential in the production of vegetables and with the possibility of association with organisms of biological control, allowing the production of an ecologically correct substrate, rich in nutrients and protector of the health of the plants. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of the fungus Trichoderma spp. During the vermicompost process,as the physical / chemical development caused not substrate and the growth and development of lettuce plants grown in the different treatments used. Basal substrates were obtained from the creation of three different animals: sheep, Horses and rabbits, whether or not containing added Trichoderma spp. In all treatments, worms of Eisenia foetida were added. Evaluations of fungus survival, physical and chemical analyzes of the substrate produced and evaluation without growth and development of lettuce plants were carried out. The treatments were arranged in a 3x2 factorial scheme and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replicates. Data were analyzed using Sisvar® software, and as means averages compared by Scott Knott's test at 5% error probability. Trichoderma spp. It survives the vermicompost process by improving the development of lettuce plants when associated with farmsresidue. The use of Trichoderma spp. It reduced the calcium values of all substrates, raised a dry density of the base substrate of rabbit residues, and reduced the base substrate of farmyard residues. The substrate that provided the best growth and development of lettuce plants was the residues of rearing of horses, being favored by the presence of Trichoderma spp. in the second year.